A Wisdom Archive on Liquid breathing - Use in diving

Breathing liquid instead of air seems odd, but if the technique could be perfected it would revolutionize diving. In diving, the pressure inside the lungs must equal the pressure outside the body, otherwise the lungs collapse. Thus, if the diver is f feet or m meters deep, and the air pressure at the water surface is p bars (usually p = 1, but it is less at high-altitude lakes such as Lake Titicaca), he must breathe fluid at a pressure of f/33+p = m/10+p bars. This pressure quick ...

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The duration of an open-circuit dive depends on factors such as the capacity (volume of gas) in the diving cylinder, the depth of the dive and the breathing rate of the diver. An open circuit diver whose breathing rate at the surface (atmospheric pressure) is 25 litres per minute will consume 100 litres of gas per minute at 30 metres. ( (30 m / 10 m per bar) + 1 bar atmospheric pressure ) × 25 litre/min = 100 litre/min ). If a 15 litre cylinder filled to 200 bar is used until there is a reserve of 25% there is (150 × 15) = 2250 litres. At 100 litre/min the di ...

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Barotrauma is physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between an air space inside or beside the body and the surrounding gas or liquid. Barotrauma typically occurs to air spaces within a body when that body moves to or from a higher pressure environment, such as when a SCUBA diver, a free-diving diver or an airplane passenger ascends or descends. Boyle's law defines the relationship between the ... Including:

• Barotrauma - Diving barotrauma
• Barotrauma - Types of injury
• Barotrauma - Squeeze
• Barotrauma - Causes
• Barotrauma - Equalising

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A predecessor to scuba gear, the Momson lung, was used as emergency escape gear by WWII submariners. Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invented the first type of SCUBA diving equipment, the Aqua-Lung in 1943. Among the things that prompted Cousteau to develop efficient air-breathing diving free-swimming diving gear, were two oxygen toxicity accidents that he had earlier with rebreathers. Before 1971 all breathing sets including scuba came with a plain harness of straps with buckles like on a rucksack or spray-tank-pack. Th ...

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Breathing sets operating on the above principles are not only used underwater but in other situations where the atmosphere is dangerous (little oxygen, poisonous etc). firefighting mining, especially mine rescue operations in enclosed or poorly ventilated areas eg large fluid or gas containers, These breathing sets are nowadays called SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) (The initials SCBA have had other meanings). The first open-circuit industrial breathing sets were designed by modifying the design of the Cousteau aqualung. < ...

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Partial pressure in the liquid is equal to that in the gas with which the liquid is in equilibrium. It is quite true that cold water can hold more oxygen than hot water. It has to do with the partial pressure of the oxygen gas: When a liquid is exposed to a gas, molecules of the gas will dissolve in the liquid. Partial pressure - Henry's law. Henry's law can be used to determine ...

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Diving equipment - Scuba life support. Open-circuit Scuba consisting of diving cylinder(s) and diving regulator(s) Rebreather, closed-circuit Scuba Diving equipment - Alternative life support. Liquid breathing system - In the real world this is at the early experiment stage. It may allow very deep diving when it is developed. Snorkel allows breathing at the surface with the face submerged. Standard diving dress - mostly used in professional diving. Merely of historical interest now. Surfac ...

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Barotrauma - Types of injury. Examples of organs or tissues easily damaged by barotrauma due to diving are: middle ear paranasal sinuses (causing Aerosinusitis) lungs eyes (the unsupportive air space is inside the diving mask) skin (when wearing a diving suit which creates an air space) Barotrauma - Squeeze. The term 'squeeze' describes the effect of a shrinking air space on descent and the pain felt by the diver when this ...

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In modern scuba sets, a buoyancy compensator (BC) or buoyancy control device (BCD), such as a back-mounted wing or stabiliser jacket (otherwise known as a 'stab jacket'), is built into the scuba set harness. Although strictly speaking this is not a part of the breathing apparatus, it is usually connected to the divers air supply, in order to provide easy inflation of the device, this can usually also be done manually via a mouthpiece. The bladders inside the BCD inflate with air from the ‘direct feed’ to decrease the total density ...

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Recompression is the only effective treatment for severe DCS, although rest and oxygen (increasing the percentage of oxygen in the air being breathed via an oxygen mask) applied to lighter cases can be effective. Normally this is carried out in a recompression chamber. In diving, a high-risk alternative is in-water recompression. Oxygen first aid treatment is useful for suspected DCS casualties or divers who have made fast ascents or missed decompression stops. Most fully closed-circuit rebreathers can deliver sustained high concentrations of oxygen-rich breathing gas and could be used as an alternative to p ...

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Rebreather - Oxygen rebreather. This is the oldest type of rebreather and was commonly used by navies from the early twentieth century. The only gas that it supplies is oxygen. As pure oxygen is toxic when inhaled at pressure, oxygen rebreathers are limited to a depth of 6 meters (20 feet); some say 9 meters (30 feet). Oxygen rebreathers are also sometimes used when decompressing from a deep open-circuit dive, as breathing pu ...

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Fiction authors have been trying to design spacesuits since the beginning of space fiction, as far as there was need to describe them in their stories. Most of them are flexible pressure suits, but usually not as bulky as in real spacesuits. Design was influenced by the real old-type Siebe Gorman Standard diving dress, including sometimes such features as side windows on the helmet. In H.G. Wells's The First men in the Moon (publ. 1901) Standard Diving Dresses are fitted with a big backpack cylinder each and used as spacesuits. Many fictiona ...

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BC may stand for: Before Christ (see Anno Domini)  an abbreviation used to refer to a year before the beginning of the year count that starts with the supposed year of the birth of Jesus. Applies to years before AD 1. Ballistic coefficient  a measure of air drag on a projectile by calculating a ratio its sectional density to its coefficient of form. Boston College  a university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. British Columbia  Province of ...

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