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liquid | A Wisdom Archive on liquid | | liquid A selection of articles related to liquid | |
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liquid, Liquid, List of phases of matter, Cooling curve, Ripple, Specific gravity, Liquid dancing, Multiphasic liquid
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO liquid | | | | | |  liquid: Encyclopedia II - Phase transition - Properties of phase transitions
Phase transition - Critical points.
In systems containing liquid and gaseous phases, there exist a special combination of pressure and temperature, known as the critical point, at which the transition between liquid and gas becomes a second-order transition. Near the critical point, the fluid is sufficiently hot and compressed that the distinction between the liquid and gaseous phases is almost non-existent.
This is associated with the phenomenon of critical opalescence, a milky appearance of the liquid, due to density fluctuat ...
See also:Phase transition, Phase transition - Classification of phase transitions, Phase transition - Ehrenfest classification, Phase transition - Modern classification of phase transitions, Phase transition - Properties of phase transitions, Phase transition - Critical points, Phase transition - Symmetry, Phase transition - Critical exponents and universality classes Read more here: » Phase transition: Encyclopedia II - Phase transition - Properties of phase transitions |
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| | | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus trichloride - Chemical properties In phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), the phosphorus is in the +3 oxidation state and the chlorines are in the -1 oxidation state. PCl3 reacts rapidly and exothermically with water to form phosphorous acid, H3PO3 and HCl. A large number of similar substitution reactions are known, the most important of which is the formation of phosphite esters by reaction with alcohols or phenols. For example, with phenol, triphenyl phosphite is formed:
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See also:Phosphorus trichloride, Phosphorus trichloride - Physical properties, Phosphorus trichloride - Chemical properties, Phosphorus trichloride - Preparation, Phosphorus trichloride - Uses, Phosphorus trichloride - Precautions, Phosphorus trichloride - Suppliers/Manufacturers Read more here: » Phosphorus trichloride: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus trichloride - Chemical properties |
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| | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Periodic table - Groups A group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the periodic table of the elements. There are 18 groups or families in the standard periodic table. Elements in a group have similar configurations of their valence shell electrons, which gives them similar properties.
There are three systems of group numbers; one using Hindu-Arabic numerals (1, 2, ... 18), another using Roman numerals (I, II, ... VIII), and one using a combination of Roman numerals and Latin letters (IA, IIA, IB, ... VIIIA). The Roman numeral names are the orig ...
See also:Periodic table, Periodic table - Groups, Periodic table - Periodicity of chemical properties, Periodic table - Methods for displaying the periodic table, Periodic table - Standard periodic table, Periodic table - Other depictions, Periodic table - Periodic table structure reflects electron configuration, Periodic table - History, Periodic table - Further resources Read more here: » Periodic table: Encyclopedia II - Periodic table - Groups |
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| | | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Mercury element - History Mercury was known to the ancient Chinese and Hindus and was found in Egyptian tombs that date from 1500 BCE. In China, India and Tibet, mercury use was thought to prolong life, heal fractures, and maintain generally good health. The ancient Greeks used mercury in ointments and the Romans used it in cosmetics. By 500 BCE mercury was used to make amalgams with other metals.
The Indian word for alchemy is Rassayana which means ‘the way of mercury.’ Alchemists often thought of mercury as the first matter from which all metals w ...
See also:Mercury element, Mercury element - Applications, Mercury element - History, Mercury element - Dentistry, Mercury element - Medicine, Mercury element - Mineral occurrence, Mercury element - Compounds, Mercury element - Isotopes, Mercury element - Occurrence in the environment, Mercury element - Health and Environmental Effects, Mercury element - Precautions and Regulation Read more here: » Mercury element: Encyclopedia II - Mercury element - History |
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| | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Nuclear magnetic resonance - History NMR was first described independently by Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell in 1946 (both of whom shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1952 for their discovery). Purcell had worked on the development and application of RADAR during World War II at MIT's Radiation Lab. His work during that project on the production and detection of radiofrequency energy, and on the absorption of such energy by matter, preceded his discovery of NMR and probably contrib ...
See also:Nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance - History, Nuclear magnetic resonance - Uses of NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance - Theory of nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance - Nuclear spin and magnets, Nuclear magnetic resonance - Relaxation, Nuclear magnetic resonance - Correlation spectroscopy; a form of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance - How COSY NMR works, Nuclear magnetic resonance - Solid-State NMR Read more here: » Nuclear magnetic resonance: Encyclopedia II - Nuclear magnetic resonance - History |
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| | | | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Resin - Chemistry Resin as produced by most plants is a viscous liquid, typically composed mainly of volatile fluid terpenes, with lesser components of dissolved non-volatile solids which make resin viscous and sticky. The most common terpenes in resin are the bicyclic terpenes alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3 carene and sabinene, the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes longifolene, caryophyllene and delta-cadinene. The individual components of resin can be separated by fractional distillation. Some resins cont ...
See also:Resin, Resin - Formation, Resin - Chemistry, Resin - Derivatives, Resin - Synthetic resins Read more here: » Resin: Encyclopedia II - Resin - Chemistry |
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| | | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Treasury security - Savings bond Savings bonds are nontransferable treasury securities. Although they cannot be traded on the secondary market, they can be cashed before their maturity date after a required holding period, which is currently twelve months. They are also registered securities, so they can be replaced if lost or destroyed. Savings bonds do not have coupons. Interest is accrued, being paid out only upon the bond's redemption.
The treasury first offered the predecessor to savings bonds, called "baby bonds," in March, 1935. The bonds were issued in ...
See also:Treasury security, Treasury security - Treasury bill, Treasury security - Treasury note, Treasury security - Treasury bond, Treasury security - TIPS, Treasury security - STRIPS, Treasury security - Savings bond, Treasury security - Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Read more here: » Treasury security: Encyclopedia II - Treasury security - Savings bond |
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| | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Jupiter - Overview Jupiter has been known since ancient times and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. In 1610, Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter using a telescope, the first observation of moons other than Earth's.
Jupiter is 2.5 times more massive than all the other planets combined, so massive that its barycenter with the Sun actually lies above the Sun's surface (1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center). It is 318 times more massive than Earth, with a diameter 11 times that of Earth, and with a volume 1300 times t ...
See also:Jupiter, Jupiter - Overview, Jupiter - Physical characteristics, Jupiter - Planetary composition, Jupiter - Atmosphere, Jupiter - Planetary rings, Jupiter - Magnetosphere, Jupiter - Exploration of Jupiter, Jupiter - Pioneer flyby missions, Jupiter - Voyager flyby missions, Jupiter - Ulysses flyby mission, Jupiter - Galileo mission, Jupiter - Cassini flyby mission, Jupiter - Future probes, Jupiter - Natural satellites, Jupiter - Galilean moons, Jupiter - Classification of Jupiter's moons, Jupiter - Life on Jupiter, Jupiter - Trojan asteroids, Jupiter - Cometary impact, Jupiter - Jupiter in fiction and film, Jupiter - Jupiter and Internet conspiracists, Jupiter - Special characters Read more here: » Jupiter: Encyclopedia II - Jupiter - Overview |
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| | | | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Hydrochloric acid - History Hydrochloric acid was first discovered around the year 800 by Arab-Yemeni alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber), by mixing common salt with vitriol (sulfuric acid). Jabir discovered or invented many important chemicals, and wrote his findings in over 20 books, which carried his chemical knowledge of hydrochloric acid and other basic chemicals for hundreds of years. Jabir's invention of the gold-dissolving aqua regia, consisting of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, contributed to the effort of alche ...
See also:Hydrochloric acid, Hydrochloric acid - History, Hydrochloric acid - Chemistry, Hydrochloric acid - Production, Hydrochloric acid - Direct synthesis, Hydrochloric acid - Organic synthesis, Hydrochloric acid - Industrial market, Hydrochloric acid - Applications, Hydrochloric acid - Regeneration of ion exchangers, Hydrochloric acid - pH control and neutralization, Hydrochloric acid - Pickling of steel, Hydrochloric acid - Production of inorganic compounds, Hydrochloric acid - Production of organic compounds, Hydrochloric acid - Other applications, Hydrochloric acid - Hydrochloric acid and living organisms, Hydrochloric acid - Physiology, Hydrochloric acid - Pathophysiology and pathology, Hydrochloric acid - Chemical weapons, Hydrochloric acid - Safety Read more here: » Hydrochloric acid: Encyclopedia II - Hydrochloric acid - History |
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| | | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Lars Onsager - His life before coming to the United States Lars Onsager was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. His father was a lawyer. After completing secondary school in Oslo, he attended the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in Trondheim, graduating as a chemical engineer in 1925.
In 1925 he arrived at a correction to the Debye-Hückel theory of electrolytic solutions, to take care of Brownian movement of ions in solution, and in 1926 published it. He made a trip to Zürich, where Peter Debye was teaching, and confronted Debye, telling him his theory was wrong. He so thoroughly ...
See also:Lars Onsager, Lars Onsager - His life before coming to the United States, Lars Onsager - At Johns Hopkins, Lars Onsager - At Brown, Lars Onsager - Yale and later Read more here: » Lars Onsager: Encyclopedia II - Lars Onsager - His life before coming to the United States |
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| | | | | | liquid: Encyclopedia II - Lava - Lava composition and rheology Igneous rocks, which form lava flows when erupted, can be classified into three chemical types; felsic, intermediate and mafic. These classes are primarily chemical; however, the chemistry of a lava also tends to correlate with the magma temperature, its viscosity and its mode of eruption. In general, a lava's composition determines its behavior more than the temperature of its eruption.
Felsic lavas such as rhyolite and dacite are often associated with strombolian eruptions, typically form lava domes and sheeted flows, ...
See also:Lava, Lava - Lava composition and rheology, Lava - Lava Behavior, Lava - Lava Domes, Lava - Sheeted flows, Lava - ‘A‘a, Lava - Pāhoehoe, Lava - Pillow lava, Lava - Lava landforms, Lava - Volcanoes, Lava - Cinder and splatter cones, Lava - Lava domes, Lava - Lava tubes, Lava - Lava cascades and fountains, Lava - Lava lakes, Lava - Composition of volcanic rocks, Lava - Towns destroyed by lava, Lava - Towns partially destroyed by lava flows Read more here: » Lava: Encyclopedia II - Lava - Lava composition and rheology |
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