Carbon disulfide (CS2) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor that is like the smell of chloroform. It has a melting point of -111oC and a boiling point of 46o, and a density of 1250kg/m3 at room temperature. The impure carbon disulfide that is usually used in most industrial processes is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odor, like that of rotting radishes, tha ...

Including:

• Carbon disulfide - Health effects

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-kinesis, from Greek "kinesis", movement, motion, is a suffix that denotes movement. It is frequently used to indicate hypothetical parapsychological abilities relating to movement or environmental manipulation. They are often ascribed to fictional superhero characters. Some of these abilities, such as psychokinesis, are fairly well-known, while most are not. -kinesis - Aerokinesis. Aerokinesis is the purported ability to mentally manipulate currents of wind. Aerokinetics are alleged to be abl ...

Including:

• -kinesis - Aerokinesis
• -kinesis - Atmokinesis
• -kinesis - Audiokinesis
• -kinesis - Biokinesis
• -kinesis - Chlorokinesis
• -kinesis - Chronokinesis
• -kinesis - Cryokinesis
• -kinesis - Cytokinesis
• -kinesis - Echokinesis
• -kinesis - Electrokinesis
• -kinesis - Gravitokinesis
• -kinesis - Hydrokinesis
• -kinesis - Hypnokinesis
• -kinesis - Magnetokinesis
• -kinesis - Photokinesis
• -kinesis - Psychokinesis
• -kinesis - Pyrokinesis
• -kinesis - Terrakinesis
• -kinesis - Thermokinesis
• -kinesis - Umbrakinesis
• -kinesis - Vitakinesis

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Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. At standard temperature and pressure ammonia is a gas. It is toxic and corrosive to some materials, and has a characteristic pungent odor. An ammonia molecule is not flat, but has the shape of a compressed tetrahedron known as a trigonal pyramid, as would be expected from VSEPR theory. This shape gives the molecule an overall dipole moment and makes it polar so that ammonia very readily dissolves in water. The nitrogen atom in the molecule has a lon ...

Including:

• Ammonia - History
• Ammonia - Production
• Ammonia - Properties
• Ammonia - Acidity
• Ammonia - Formation of other compounds
• Ammonia - Ammonia as a ligand
• Ammonia - Uses
• Ammonia - Liquid ammonia as a solvent
• Ammonia - Solubility of salts
• Ammonia - Solutions of metals
• Ammonia - Redox properties of liquid ammonia
• Ammonia - Detection and determination
• Ammonia - Safety precautions
• Ammonia - Toxicity
• Ammonia - Household use
• Ammonia - Laboratory use of ammonia solutions
• Ammonia - Laboratory use of anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid
• Ammonia - Reference
• Ammonia - Bibliography

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Intravenous therapy - Needle and syringe. The simplest form of intravenous access is a syringe with an attached hollow needle. The needle is inserted through the skin into a vein, and the contents of the syringe are injected through the needle into the bloodstream. This is most easily done with an arm vein, especially one of the metacarpal veins. Usually it is necessary to use a tourniquet first to make the vein bulge; once the needle is in place, it is common to draw back slightly on the syringe to see blood return, thus verifying that the needle is ...

See also:

Intravenous therapy, Intravenous therapy - Intravenous access devices, Intravenous therapy - Needle and syringe, Intravenous therapy - Peripheral IV lines, Intravenous therapy - Central IV lines, Intravenous therapy - Forms of intravenous therapy, Intravenous therapy - Intravenous drip, Intravenous therapy - Intermittent infusion, Intravenous therapy - Risks of intravenous therapy, Intravenous therapy - Infection, Intravenous therapy - Phlebitis, Intravenous therapy - Infiltration, Intravenous therapy - Fluid overload, Intravenous therapy - Electrolyte imbalance, Intravenous therapy - Embolism

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At one time it was widely used in kerosene lamps but it is now mainly used in aviation fuel for jet engines (more technically Avtur, Jet-A, Jet-A1, Jet-B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7 or JP-8). A form of kerosene known as RP-1 is burned with liquid oxygen as rocket fuel. These fuel grade kerosenes meet specifications as to smoke points and freeze points. Its use as a cooking fuel is mostly restricted to some portable stoves for backpackers and to less developed countries, where it is usually less refined and contains impurities and even debris. It can also be used to remove lice from hair, but sti ...

See also:

Kerosene, Kerosene - Distillation, Kerosene - Uses, Kerosene - Common names

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Jupiter has been known since ancient times and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. In 1610, Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter using a telescope, the first observation of moons other than Earth's. Jupiter is 2.5 times more massive than all the other planets combined, so massive that its barycenter with the Sun actually lies above the Sun's surface (1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center). It is 318 times more massive than Earth, with a diameter 11 times that of Earth, and with a volume 1300 times t ...

See also:

Jupiter, Jupiter - Overview, Jupiter - Physical characteristics, Jupiter - Planetary composition, Jupiter - Atmosphere, Jupiter - Planetary rings, Jupiter - Magnetosphere, Jupiter - Appearance, Jupiter - Exploration of Jupiter, Jupiter - Pioneer flyby missions, Jupiter - Voyager flyby missions, Jupiter - Ulysses flyby mission, Jupiter - Galileo mission, Jupiter - Cassini flyby mission, Jupiter - Future probes, Jupiter - Natural satellites, Jupiter - Galilean moons, Jupiter - Classification of Jupiter's moons, Jupiter - Life on Jupiter, Jupiter - Trojan asteroids, Jupiter - Cometary impact, Jupiter - Jupiter in fiction and film, Jupiter - Jupiter and Internet conspiracists

Read more here: » Jupiter: Encyclopedia II - Jupiter - Overview

Waste produced in the wild is reintegrated through natural recycling processes, such as dry leaves in a forest decomposing into soil. Outside of the wild these wastes may become problematic, such as dry leaves in an urban environment. The highest volume of waste, outside of nature, comes from human industrial activity: mining, industrial manufacturing, consumer use, and so on1. Almost all manufactured products are destined to become waste at some point in time, with a volume of waste production roughly simi ...

See also:

Waste, Waste - Sources of waste, Waste - Human waste

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Acetic acid is produced both synthetically and by bacterial fermentation. Today, the biological route accounts for only about 10% of world production, but it remains important for vinegar production, as in much of the world food purity laws stipulate that vinegar used in foods must be of biological origin. About 75% of acetic acid made for use in the chemical industry is made by methanol carbonylation, explained below. Alternative methods account for the rest.^{See also:}

Acetic acid, Acetic acid - Nomenclature, Acetic acid - History, Acetic acid - Chemical properties, Acetic acid - Biochemistry, Acetic acid - Production, Acetic acid - Methanol carbonylation, Acetic acid - Acetaldehyde oxidation, Acetic acid - Ethylene oxidation, Acetic acid - Fermentation, Acetic acid - Applications, Acetic acid - Vinyl acetate monomer, Acetic acid - Acetic anhydride, Acetic acid - Ester production, Acetic acid - Vinegar, Acetic acid - Use as solvent, Acetic acid - Other applications, Acetic acid - Safety

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Ice is frozen water (one of its three phases of matter), and thereby a transparent, crystal, soft and fragile solid. The phase transition occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0 °C (273.15 K, 32 °F) at standard atmospheric pressure. It appears in the most varied forms, from hail, to ice cubes, to enormous glaciers. Moreover it plays an important role with a great many meteorological phenomena. The ice caps of the polar regions are of great significance for the global climate and particularly the water cycle. Ice has notable physical properties, som ...

Including:

• Ice - Types of ice
• Ice - Human relationship with ice
• Ice - Sports on ice
• Ice - Ice travel
• Ice - Other uses of ice
• Ice - Ice at different pressures
• Ice - Phases of ice
• Ice - Related terms

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A Lake is a body of water surrounded by land. The majority of lakes are fresh water, and most lie in the northern hemisphere at higher latitudes. Large lakes are sometimes referred to as "inland seas" and small seas are sometimes referred to as lakes. The term lake is also used to describe a feature such as Lake Eyre, which is dry most of the time but becomes filled under seasonal conditions of heavy rainfall. Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for hydro-electric power supply, recreation (swim ...

Including:

• Lake - Origin of natural lakes
• Lake - Characteristics
• Lake - Types of lakes
• Lake - Artificial lakes
• Lake - Abiotic and biotic limnology
• Lake - How lakes disappear
• Lake - Extraterrestrial lakes
• Lake - Notable lakes

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Sound is vibration, as perceived by the sense of hearing. We usually hear vibrations that travel through air, but sound can also travel through gases, liquids and solids. It cannot travel through a vacuum (such as exists in outer space). When the vibrations reach our ears, they are converted into nerve impulses that are sent to our brains, allowing us to perceive the sound. In more technical language, sound "is an alternation in pressure, particle displacement, or particle velocity propagated in an elastic material" (Olson 1957 ...

Including:

• Sound - Attributes of sound
• Sound - Frequency and wavelength
• Sound - Amplitude
• Sound - Velocity
• Sound - Types of sounds
• Sound - Perception of sound
• Sound - Sound measurement

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Lava is molten rock that a volcano expels during an eruption. Lava, when first exuded from a volcanic vent, is a liquid at very high temperature: typically from 700°C to 1200°C (1300°F to 2200°F). Although the viscosity of lava is 100,000 times that of water, the viscous rock can flow many miles before eventually cooling and solidifying. While still below the earth's surface, the molten rock is termed magma. Solidified lava is known as igneous rock, although the term "lava flow" refers to the hardened formation. An "active ...

Including:

• Lava - Lava compositions
• Lava - ‘A‘a
• Lava - Pāhoehoe
• Lava - Pillow lava
• Lava - Lava formations
• Lava - Lava cascades and fountains
• Lava - Lava lakes
• Lava - Composition of volcanic rocks
• Lava - Towns destroyed by lava
• Lava - Towns partially destroyed by lava flows

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The materials definition of a glass is a uniform amorphous solid material, usually produced when a suitably viscous molten material cools very rapidly to below its glass transition temperature, thereby not giving enough time for a regular crystal lattice to form. A simple example is when table sugar is melted and cooled rapidly by dumping the liquid sugar onto a cold surface. The resulting solid is amorphous, not crystalline like the sugar was originally, w ...

Including:

• Glass - Properties and Uses
• Glass - Glass Ingredients
• Glass - Glass as a polymer
• Glass - Colors
• Glass - History of glass
• Glass - Glass tools
• Glass - Glass art
• Glass - Architectural glass
• Glass - Float annealed glass
• Glass - Sheet glass
• Glass - Plate glass
• Glass - Cylinder glass
• Glass - Insulated glazing
• Glass - Toughened glass
• Glass - Laminated glass
• Glass - Low-emissivity glass
• Glass - Self-cleaning glass
• Glass - Evacuated glazing
• Glass - Glass as a liquid
• Glass - Evidence against glass flow

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Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and by far the largest within our solar system. Some have described the solar system as consisting of the Sun, Jupiter, and assorted debris,[2]; some describe Jupiter as the solar system's vacuum cleaner, due to its immense gravity well. It and the other gas giants - Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, are sometimes referred to as "Jovian planets." The Romans named the planet after the Roman god Jupiter (also called Jove). The astronomical symbol for the planet is a styliz ...

Including:

• Jupiter - Overview
• Jupiter - Physical characteristics
• Jupiter - Planetary composition
• Jupiter - Atmosphere
• Jupiter - Planetary rings
• Jupiter - Magnetosphere
• Jupiter - Appearance
• Jupiter - Exploration of Jupiter
• Jupiter - Pioneer flyby missions
• Jupiter - Voyager flyby missions
• Jupiter - Ulysses flyby mission
• Jupiter - Galileo mission
• Jupiter - Cassini flyby mission
• Jupiter - Future probes
• Jupiter - Natural satellites
• Jupiter - Galilean moons
• Jupiter - Classification of Jupiter's moons
• Jupiter - Life on Jupiter
• Jupiter - Trojan asteroids
• Jupiter - Cometary impact
• Jupiter - Jupiter in fiction and film
• Jupiter - Jupiter and Internet conspiracists

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An ink is a liquid containing various pigments and/or dyes used for colouring a surface to render an image or text. Common perceptions consider ink for use in drawing or writing with a pen or brush. However ink can be of a paste form, this kind of ink is used most extensively in letterpress and lithographic printing. Ink - Types of ink. Early varieties of ink include Indian ink, various natural dyes made from metals, the husk or outer covering of nuts or seeds, and sea creatures like the squid (known ...

Including:

• Ink - Types of ink
• Ink - Pigmented inks
• Ink - Dyes in inks
• Ink - History of ink

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Brewing is the production of alcoholic beverages and alcohol fuel through fermentation. This is the method used in beer production, although the term can be used for other drinks such as sake, mead and wine. The term is also sometimes used to refer to any chemical mixing process. Brewing has a very long history, and archeological evidence tells us that this technique was used in ancient Egypt. Descriptions of various beer recipes can be found in Sumerian writings, ...

Including:

• Brewing - Brewing beer
• Brewing - Ale top fermenting yeasts
• Brewing - Lager bottom fermenting yeasts
• Brewing - Beers of Spontaneous Fermentation wild yeasts
• Brewing - Beers of mixed origin blends of spontaneous fermentation beers and ales or lagers

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A burette (also buret) is a vertical cylindrical piece of laboratory glassware with a volumetric graduation on its full length and a precision tap, or stopcock, on the bottom. It is used to dispense known amounts of a liquid reagent in experiments for which such precision is necessary, such as a titration experiment. Burettes are extremely precise: class A burettes are accurate to ±0.05 mL. Burette - Using a Burette. The precision of a burette makes careful measurement with a burette very im ...

Including:

• Burette - Using a Burette

Read more here: » Burette: Encyclopedia - Burette

In medicine, a burn is a type of injury to the skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation (an example of the latter is sunburn). Immediate first aid for burns consists of immersing the injured area in cool clean water to cool the injured tissues. There are in modern vernacular terminology three degrees of burns. First-degree burns are usually limited to redness and pain at the site Second-degree burns additionally have blistering of the skin Third-degree burns addition ...

Including:

• Burn injury - Scald

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Capillary action or capillarity (also known as capillary motion) is the ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid upwards against the force of gravity. It occurs when the adhesive intermolecular forces between the liquid and a solid are stronger than the cohesive intermolecular forces within the liquid. The effect causes a concave meniscus to form where the liquid is in contact with a vertical surface. The same eff ...

Including:

• Capillary action - Formula
• Capillary action - Trivia

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American Enterprise (test) Pathfinder (mockup) Columbia (destroyed 2003) Challenger (destroyed 1986) Discovery (active) Atlantis (active) Endeavour (active) Explorer (mockup) Soviet/ Russian Buran (retired, destroyed 2002) Ptichka (unfinished) 2.01 (unfinished) 2.02 (dismantled) 2. ...

Including:

• Shuttle Buran - Key differences with the NASA Space Shuttle
• Shuttle Buran - Development
• Shuttle Buran - First flight
• Shuttle Buran - Aftermath
• Shuttle Buran - Buran in science fiction
• Shuttle Buran - Russian space
• Shuttle Buran - Space

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