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limb | A Wisdom Archive on limb | | limb A selection of articles related to limb | |
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limb, Limb, Orthosis
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO limb | | | |  limb: Encyclopedia II - Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - The Eight Limbs of Raja YogaThe eight "limbs" or steps are: Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi. A number of commentators break these eight steps into two categories. Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, and Pratyahara comprise the first category. The second category, called Samyama is comprised of Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi. The division between the two categories exists because in latter three mentioned steps there is no cognizance whereas in the first five steps cognizance exists.
"Since there is no cognizance to these th ...
See also:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Introduction, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Authorship, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Philosophical Roots and Influences, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - The Eight Limbs of Raja Yoga, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Bibliography, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Appendix: English Translation of the Yoga Sutras, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book I : Consciousness and Superconsciousness Samadhi Pada, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book II : Ways To Attain Yoga Sadhana Pada, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book III : Powers Vibhuti Pada, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book IV : Liberation Kaivalya Pada Read more here: » Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: Encyclopedia II - Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - The Eight Limbs of Raja Yoga |
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| | | | | | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the trunk BACK: interspinales | intertransversarii | multifidus | rotatores | sacrospinalis | semispinalis | splenius capitis | splenius cervicis
SUBOCCIPITAL : obliquus capitis (inferior, superior) | rectus capitis posterior (major, minor)
THORAX: diaphragm | intercostales (externi, interni) | levatores costarum | serratus posterior (inferior, superior) | subcostales | transversus thoracis
ABDOMEN: cremaster | obliques (external, internal) | psoas (major, minor) | pyramidalis | quadratus lumborum | rectus abdom ...
See also:List of muscles of the human body, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the head, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the trunk, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the upper limb, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the lower limb, List of muscles of the human body - Sources Read more here: » List of muscles of the human body: Encyclopedia II - List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the trunk |
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| | | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - List of ICD-9 codes - 1. Infectious and parasitic diseases 001-139
List of ICD-9 codes - Intestinal infectious diseases 001-009.
(001) Cholera
(002) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
(003) Other Salmonella infections
(003.0) Salmonella gastroenteritis
(004) Shigellosis
(004.9) Shigellosis, unspec.
(005) Other food poisoning (bacterial)
(005.0) Staphylococcal food poisoning
(006) Amoebiasis
(006.0) Acute amoebic dysentery without mention of abscess
(006 ...
See also:List of ICD-9 codes, List of ICD-9 codes - 1. Infectious and parasitic diseases 001-139, List of ICD-9 codes - Intestinal infectious diseases 001-009, List of ICD-9 codes - tuberculosis 010-018, List of ICD-9 codes - zoonotic bacterial diseases 020-027, List of ICD-9 codes - other bacterial diseases 030-041, List of ICD-9 codes - human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection 042-044, List of ICD-9 codes - poliomyelitis and other non-arthropod-borne viral diseases of central nervous system 045-049, List of ICD-9 codes - viral diseases accompanied by exanthem 050-057, List of ICD-9 codes - arthropod-borne viral diseases 060-066, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases due to viruses and chlamydiae 070-079, List of ICD-9 codes - rickettsioses and other arthropod-borne diseases 080-088, List of ICD-9 codes - syphilis and other venereal diseases 090-099, List of ICD-9 codes - other spirochetal diseases 100-104, List of ICD-9 codes - mycoses 110-118, List of ICD-9 codes - helminthiases 120-129, List of ICD-9 codes - other infectious and parasitic diseases 130-136, List of ICD-9 codes - late effects of infectious and parasitic diseases 137-139, List of ICD-9 codes - 2. Neoplasms 140-239, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of lip oral cavity and pharynx 140-149, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of digestive organs and peritoneum 150-159, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of respiratory and intrathoracic organs 160-165, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of bone connective tissue skin and breast 170-176, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of genitourinary organs 179-189, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified sites 190-199, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue 200-208, List of ICD-9 codes - benign neoplasms 210-229, List of ICD-9 codes - carcinoma in situ 230-234, List of ICD-9 codes - neoplasms of uncertain behavior 235-238, List of ICD-9 codes - neoplasms of unspecified nature 239-239, List of ICD-9 codes - 3. Endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders 240-279, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of thyroid gland 240-246, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of other endocrine glands 250-259, List of ICD-9 codes - nutritional deficiencies 260-269, List of ICD-9 codes - other metabolic and immunity disorders 270-279, List of ICD-9 codes - 4. Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 280-289, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 280-289, List of ICD-9 codes - 5. Mental disorders 290-319, List of ICD-9 codes - psychoses 290-299, List of ICD-9 codes - organic psychotic conditions 290-294, List of ICD-9 codes - other psychoses 295-299, List of ICD-9 codes - neurotic disorders personality disorders and other nonpsychotic mental disorders 300-316, List of ICD-9 codes - mental retardation 317-319, List of ICD-9 codes - 6. Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs 320-389, List of ICD-9 codes - inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system 320-326, List of ICD-9 codes - hereditary and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system 330-337, List of ICD-9 codes - other disorders of the central nervous system 340-349, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of the peripheral nervous system 350-359, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of the eye and adnexa 360-379, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of the ear and mastoid process 380-389, List of ICD-9 codes - 7. Diseases of the circulatory system 390-459, List of ICD-9 codes - acute rheumatic fever 390-392, List of ICD-9 codes - chronic rheumatic heart disease 393-398, List of ICD-9 codes - hypertensive disease 401-405, List of ICD-9 codes - ischemic heart disease 410-414, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of pulmonary circulation 415-417, List of ICD-9 codes - other forms of heart disease 420-429, List of ICD-9 codes - cerebrovascular disease 430-438, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of arteries arterioles and capillaries 440-448, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of veins and lymphatics and other diseases of circulatory system 451-459, List of ICD-9 codes - 8. Diseases of the respiratory system 460-519, List of ICD-9 codes - acute respiratory infections 460-466, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of the upper respiratory tract 470-478, List of ICD-9 codes - pneumonia and influenza 480-487, List of ICD-9 codes - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions 490-496, List of ICD-9 codes - pneumoconioses and other lung diseases due to external agents 500-508, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of respiratory system 510-519, List of ICD-9 codes - 9. Diseases of the digestive system 520-579, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of oral cavity salivary glands and jaws 520-529, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of esophagus stomach and duodenum 530-537, List of ICD-9 codes - appendicitis 540-543, List of ICD-9 codes - hernia of abdominal cavity 550-553, List of ICD-9 codes - noninfectious enteritis and colitis 555-558, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of intestines and peritoneum 560-569, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of digestive system 570-579, List of ICD-9 codes - 10. Diseases of the genitourinary system 580-629, List of ICD-9 codes - nephritis nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 580-589, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of urinary system 590-599, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of male genital organs 600-608, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of breast 610-611, List of ICD-9 codes - inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs 614-616, List of ICD-9 codes - other disorders of female genital tract 617-629, List of ICD-9 codes - 11. Complications of pregnancy childbirth and the puerperium 630-676, List of ICD-9 codes - ectopic and molar pregnancy 630-633, List of ICD-9 codes - other pregnancy with abortive outcome 634-639, List of ICD-9 codes - complications mainly related to pregnancy 640-648, List of ICD-9 codes - normal delivery and other indications for care in pregnancy labor and delivery 650-659, List of ICD-9 codes - complications occurring mainly in the course of labor and delivery 660-669, List of ICD-9 codes - complications of the puerperium 670-676, List of ICD-9 codes - 12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-709, List of ICD-9 codes - infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-686, List of ICD-9 codes - other inflammatory conditions of skin and subcutaneous tissue 690-698, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue 700-709, List of ICD-9 codes - 13. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 710-739, List of ICD-9 codes - arthropathies and related disorders 710-719, List of ICD-9 codes - dorsopathies 720-724, List of ICD-9 codes - rheumatism excluding the back 725-729, List of ICD-9 codes - osteopathies chondropathies and acquired musculoskeletal deformities 730-739, List of ICD-9 codes - 14. Congenital anomalies 740-759, List of ICD-9 codes - congenital anomalies 740-759, List of ICD-9 codes - 15. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 760-779, List of ICD-9 codes - maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality 760-763, List of ICD-9 codes - other conditions originating in the perinatal period 764-779, List of ICD-9 codes - 16. Symptoms signs and ill-defined conditions 780-799, List of ICD-9 codes - symptoms 780-789, List of ICD-9 codes - nonspecific abnormal findings 790-796, List of ICD-9 codes - ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality 797-799, List of ICD-9 codes - 17. Injury and poisoning 800-999, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of skull 800-804, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of neck and trunk 805-809, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of upper limb 810-819, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of lower limb 820-829, List of ICD-9 codes - dislocation 830-839, List of ICD-9 codes - sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles 840-848, List of ICD-9 codes - intracranial injury excluding those with skull fracture 850-854, List of ICD-9 codes - internal injury of thorax abdomen and pelvis 860-869, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of head neck and trunk 870-879, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound 870-897, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of upper limb 880-887, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of lower limb 890-897, List of ICD-9 codes - injury to blood vessels 900-904, List of ICD-9 codes - late effects of injuries poisonings toxic effects and other external causes 905-909, List of ICD-9 codes - superficial injury 910-919, List of ICD-9 codes - contusion with intact skin surface 920-924, List of ICD-9 codes - crushing injury 925-929, List of ICD-9 codes - effects of foreign body entering through orifice 930-939, List of ICD-9 codes - burns 940-949, List of ICD-9 codes - injury to nerves and spinal cord 950-957, List of ICD-9 codes - certain traumatic complications and unspecified injuries 958-959, List of ICD-9 codes - poisoning by drugs medicinal and biological substances 960-979, List of ICD-9 codes - toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source 980-989, List of ICD-9 codes - other and unspecified effects of external causes 990-995, List of ICD-9 codes - complications of surgical and medical care not elsewhere classified 996-999, List of ICD-9 codes - E section -- External causes of injury, List of ICD-9 codes - V codes -- Supplementary classification of factors influencing health status and contact with health services Read more here: » List of ICD-9 codes: Encyclopedia II - List of ICD-9 codes - 1. Infectious and parasitic diseases 001-139 |
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| | | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Locomotion Typical early amphibian posture is exhibited by the upper arm and upper leg extending nearly straight out from its body, while the forearm and the lower leg extended downward from the upper segment at a near right angle. The body weight was not centered over the limbs, but was rather transferred 90 degrees outward and down through the lower limbs, which contacted the ground. Most of the animal's strength was used to just elevate its body off the ground for walking, which was probably slow and difficult. With this sort of posture, only short, broad strides could be achieved. This has been confirmed by fossilized f ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion Read more here: » Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Locomotion |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods The amphibian's ancestral fish must have possessed similar traits to those inherited by the early amphibians, including internal nostrils (to separate the breathing and feeding passages) and a large fleshy fin built on bones that could give rise to the tetrapod limb. The rhipidistian crossopterygians fulfill every requirement for this ancestry. Their palatal and jaw structures were identical to those of amphibians, and their dentition was identical too, with labyrinthine teeth fitting in a pit-and-tooth arrangement on the palate. The crossop ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion Read more here: » Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Girdles The pectoral girdle of early tetrapods such as Eryops was highly developed, with a larger size for both increased muscle attachment to it and to the limbs. Most notably, the shoulder girdle was disconnected from the skull, resulting in improved terrestrial locomotion. The crossopterygian cleithrum was retained as the clavicle, and the interclavicle was well-developed, lying on the underside of the chest. In primitive forms, the two clavicles and the interclavical could have grown ventrally in such a way as to form a broad chest ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion Read more here: » Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Girdles |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Anatomical terms of location - Planes
Anatomical terms of location - General usage.
Three basic reference planes are used in zoological anatomy. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions. A coronal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions. A transverse plane divides the body into cranial and caudal portions.
Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy.
Sometimes the orientation of certain planes need to be distinguished, for instance in medical im ...
See also:Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions Read more here: » Anatomical terms of location: Encyclopedia II - Anatomical terms of location - Planes |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions Flexion means approximating adjacent parts of the body (usually at a joint) and extension means separating them. For example, the legs are flexed at the knee joints when sitting down, and extended when standing up. Generally, flexion produces an acute angle between adjacent parts, with its vertex at the joint, and extension produces an obtuse angle. One exception to this rule is in the ankle joint where moving the foot such that the toes move upwards is dorsiflexion and moving the ...
See also:Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions Read more here: » Anatomical terms of location: Encyclopedia II - Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Anatomical terms of location - Directions
Anatomical terms of location - General usage.
Animals typically have one end with a head and mouth, with the opposite end often having the anus and tail. The head end is the cranial end; the tail end is the caudal end. Within the head itself, rostral refers to the direction toward the end of the nose, and caudal is still used to refer to the tail direction.
The surface or side of the body normally oriented upwards, away from the pull of gravity, is the dorsal side; the opposite ...
See also:Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions Read more here: » Anatomical terms of location: Encyclopedia II - Anatomical terms of location - Directions |
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| | | | | limb: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S00-T14 - Injury
ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S00-S09 head.
(S00) Superficial injury of head
(S01) Open wound of head
(S02) Fracture of skull and facial bones
(S03) Dislocation, sprain and strain of joints and ligaments of head
(S04) Injury of cranial nerves
(S05) Injury of eye and orbit
(S06) Intracranial injury
(S07) Crushing ...
See also:ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S00-T14 - Injury, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S00-S09 head, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S10-S19 neck, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S20-S29 thorax, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S30-S39 abdomen lower back lumbar spine and pelvis, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S40-S49 shoulder and upper arm, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S50-S59 elbow and forearm, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S60-S69 wrist and hand, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S70-S79 hip and thigh, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S80-S89 knee and lower leg, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S90-S99 ankle and foot, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T00-T07 involving multiple body regions, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T08-T14 unspecified parts of trunk limb or body region, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T15-T98 - Poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T15-T19 Effects of foreign body entering through natural orifice, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T20-T32 Burns and corrosions, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T33-T35 Frostbite, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T36-T50 Poisoning by drugs medicaments and biological substances, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T51-T65 Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T66-T78 Other and unspecified effects of external causes, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T79 Certain early complications of trauma, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T80-T88 Complications of surgical and medical care not elsewhere classified, ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - T90-T98 Sequelae of injuries of poisoning and of other consequences of external causes Read more here: » ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes: Encyclopedia II - ICD-10 Chapters S and T: Injury poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes - S00-T14 - Injury |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Philosophical Roots and Influences The Yoga Sutras are built on a foundation of Samkhya philosophy and the Bhagavad Gita. In the Yoga Sutras, Patanjali prescribes adherence to eight "limbs" or steps (the sum of which constitute "Ashtanga Yoga", the title of the second chapter) to quiet one's mind and merge with the infinite. These eight limbs not only systematized conventional moral principles espoused by the Bhagavad Gita, but elucidated the practice of Raja Yoga in a more detailed manner.
For their part, the Yoga Sutras form the theoretical and philosophical base of ...
See also:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Introduction, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Authorship, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Philosophical Roots and Influences, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - The Eight Limbs of Raja Yoga, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Bibliography, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Appendix: English Translation of the Yoga Sutras, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book I : Consciousness and Superconsciousness Samadhi Pada, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book II : Ways To Attain Yoga Sadhana Pada, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book III : Powers Vibhuti Pada, Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Book IV : Liberation Kaivalya Pada Read more here: » Yoga Sutras of Patanjali: Encyclopedia II - Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Philosophical Roots and Influences |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods Until the 1990s, there was a 30-million year gap in the fossil record between the late Devonian tetrapods and the reappearance of tetrapod fossils in recognizable mid-Carboniferous amphibian lineages. It was referred to as "Romer's Gap", after the palaeontologist who recognized it.
During the "gap", tetrapod backbones developed, as did limbs with digits and other adaptations for terrestrial life. Ears, skulls and vertebral columns all underwent changes too. The number of digits on hands and feet became standardized at five, as lineages with more digits died out. The very few tetrapod f ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion Read more here: » Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Anatomy
Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods.
The amphibian's ancestral fish must have possessed similar traits to those inherited by the early amphibians, including internal nostrils (to separate the breathing and feeding passages) and a large fleshy fin built on bones that could give rise to the tetrapod limb. The rhipidistian crossopterygians fulfill every requirement for this ancestry. Their palatal and jaw structures were identical to those of amphibians, and their dentition was identical too, with laby ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Evolution, Tetrapod - Devonian tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Living tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Tetrapod groups, Tetrapod - Anatomy, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion Read more here: » Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Anatomy |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods In the Permian period, as the separate tetrapod lineages each developed in their own way, the term "tetrapoda" becomes less useful. Each lineage, however, remains grouped with the tetrapoda, just as Homo sapiens could be considered a very highly-specialized kind of lobe-finned fish.
Most tetrapods today are terrestrial, at least in their adult forms, but some species, such as the axolotl, remain aquatic. Tetrapods that returned to the sea includ ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion Read more here: » Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods |
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| | | | | limb: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods There are four main categories of living ("crown group") tetrapods:
Amphibia
frogs and toads, newts and salamanders
Anapsida
only extant examples are turtles
Synapsida
many extinct species and all mammals
Diapsida
dinosaurs, most modern reptiles, and birds
Note that snakes are considered tetrapods because they are descended from ancestors who had a full complement of ...
See also:Tetrapod, Tetrapod - Devonian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Carboniferous Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Permian Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods, Tetrapod - Anatomical features of early tetrapods, Tetrapod - Classification, Tetrapod - Skull, Tetrapod - Dentition, Tetrapod - Sensory Organs, Tetrapod - Hearing, Tetrapod - Girdles, Tetrapod - Limbs, Tetrapod - Feeding, Tetrapod - Respiration, Tetrapod - Locomotion Read more here: » Tetrapod: Encyclopedia II - Tetrapod - Classification of Tetrapods |
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