A Wisdom Archive on Lien Avoidance

Several large legacy airlines have filed for bankruptcy reorganization in an attempt to renegotiate terms of pension liabilities. These debtors have asked the bankruptcy court to approve the termination of their old defined benefit plans insured by the PBGC. The PBGC has attempted to resist these requests. The PBGC would like required contributions (a.k.a. minimum contributions) to insured defined benefit pension plans to be considered "administrative expenses" in bankruptcy, thereby obtaining priority treatment ahead of the unsecured creditors. The PBGC has generally lost on ...

Read more here: » Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation: Encyclopedia II - Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation - Pensions and bankruptcy

The current Bankruptcy Code was enacted in 1978 by § 101 of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, Pub. L. No. 95-598, 92 Stat. 2549 (Nov. 6, 1978), and generally became effective on October 1, 1979. The current Code completely replaced the former Bankruptcy Act, sometimes called the "Nelson Act" (Act of July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544), which initially entered into force in 1898. The current Code has been amended numerous times since 1978. See also the Bankr ...

Read more here: » Bankruptcy in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Bankruptcy in the United States - History

Bankruptcy in the United States is a matter placed under Federal jurisdiction by the United States Constitution (in Article 1, Section 8), which allows Congress to enact "uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States […]". Its implementation, however, is found in statute law. Much of the relevant statutes are incorporated within the Bankruptcy Code, located at title 11 of the United States Code, and amplified by state law in the many places where federal law either is absent or expressly defers to s ... Including:

• Bankruptcy in the United States - Chapters of the bankruptcy code
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Chapter 7: Liquidation
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Chapter 9: Reorganization for municipalities
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Chapters 11 12 and 13: Reorganization
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Chapter 15: Cross-border insolvency
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Features of U.S. bankruptcy law
• Bankruptcy in the United States - The estate
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Bankruptcy court
• Bankruptcy in the United States - United States Trustee
• Bankruptcy in the United States - The automatic stay
• Bankruptcy in the United States - The creditors
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Exempt property
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Redemption
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Debtor's discharge
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Entities that cannot be debtors
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Pension Plan Debt and the PBGC
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Bankruptcy crimes
• Bankruptcy in the United States - History
• Bankruptcy in the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Bankruptcy in the United States: Encyclopedia - Bankruptcy in the United States

Allodial title is a concept in some systems of property law. It describes a situation where real property (i.e., land, buildings and fixtures) is owned free and clear of any encumbrances, including liens, mortgages and tax obligations. Allodial title is inalienable, in that it cannot be taken by any operation of law for any reason whatsoever. True allodial title is rare, with most property ownership in the common law world — primarily, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand — described more proper ... Including:

• Allodial title - Legal concept
• Allodial title - Development of equitable title
• Allodial title - Proof of ownership
• Allodial title - The Treaty of Paris
• Allodial title - Misuse of concept of allodial title
• Allodial title - Limited allodial title
• Allodial title - Difficulties with allodial title

Read more here: » Allodial title: Encyclopedia - Allodial title

In the criminal law, theft (also known as stealing) is the wrongful taking of someone else's property without that person's freely-given consent. As a term, it is used as shorthand for all major crimes against property, encompassing offences such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, trespassing, shoplifting, intrusion, fraud (theft by deception) and sometimes criminal conversion. In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny, in others theft has replaced larceny. Theft - ... Including:

• Theft - Elements
• Theft - Theft in English law
• Theft - Theft in the U.S.

Read more here: » Theft: Encyclopedia - Theft

A concurrent estate or co-tenancy is a concept in property law, particularly derived from the common law of real property, which describes the various ways in which property can be owned by more than one person at a given time. The parties who own property jointly are referred to as co-tenants or joint tenants. Most common-law jurisdictions recognize three kinds of concurrent estate: tenancy in common, joint tenancy with right of survivorship, and tenancy by the entirety. Many jurisdictions simply refer to ... Including:

• Concurrent estate - Rights and duties shared by all co-tenants
• Concurrent estate - Tenancy in common
• Concurrent estate - Destruction of a tenancy in common
• Concurrent estate - Joint tenancy with right of survivorship
• Concurrent estate - The four unities
• Concurrent estate - Breaking a JTWROS
• Concurrent estate - Effect of a mortgage
• Concurrent estate - Tenancy by the entirety

Read more here: » Concurrent estate: Encyclopedia - Concurrent estate

Chen Shui-bian (Chinese: 陳水扁; Hanyu Pinyin: Chén Shuǐbiǎn; Wade-Giles: Ch'en Shui-pien; POJ: Tân Chúi-píⁿ) (born 9th Month, 1950), Taiwanese politician, has been the President of the Republic of China since May 20, 2000. He is colloquially and affectionately referred to as A-Bian ... Including:

• Chen Shui-bian - Early years
• Chen Shui-bian - Entrance into politics
• Chen Shui-bian - Mayor of Taipei
• Chen Shui-bian - First term presidency
• Chen Shui-bian - Position on Taiwan's status
• Chen Shui-bian - Re-election campaign and referendum
• Chen Shui-bian - Second term presidency

Read more here: » Chen Shui-bian: Encyclopedia - Chen Shui-bian

In project architecture and civil engineering, construction is the building or assembly of any infrastructure. Although this may be thought of as a single activity, in fact construction is a feat of multitasking. Normally the job is managed by the construction manager, supervised by the project manager, design engineer or project architect. While these people work in offices and make the most money, every construction project requires a large number of labo ... Including:

• Construction - Construction
• Construction - Building construction
• Construction - Heavy/Highway construction
• Construction - U.S. public construction
• Construction - Industrial construction
• Construction - Design team
• Construction - Financial advisors
• Construction - Legal considerations
• Construction - Interaction of expertise
• Construction - Construction trades
• Construction - Temporary works
• Construction - Construction materials
• Construction - Structural elements

Read more here: » Construction: Encyclopedia - Construction