Main article: History of Libya The land we now know as modern Libya has been, throughout the ages, subjected to varying degrees of foreign control. The Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines ruled all or parts of Libya. Although the Greeks and Romans left impressive ruins at Cyrene, Leptis Magna, and Sabratha, little else remains today to testify to the pr ...

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Libya, Libya - History, Libya - Politics, Libya - Municipalities, Libya - Geography, Libya - The Libyan Desert, Libya - Economy, Libya - Demographics, Libya - Culture, Libya - Religion, Libya - Miscellaneous topics

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Libya, Libya - History, Libya - Politics, Libya - Municipalities, Libya - Geography, Libya - The Libyan Desert, Libya - Economy, Libya - Demographics, Libya - Culture, Libya - Religion, Libya - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Libya: Encyclopedia II - Libya - History

Main article: Geography of Libya Libya extends over 1,759,540 km², making it the 16th largest nation in the world. It is bound to the west by Tunisia and Algeria, the southwest by Niger, the south by Chad and Sudan and to the east by Egypt. The country is also bound to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The climate is a mostly dry, desert climate. The North however enjoys a milder Mediterranean climate. Geographic regions: Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, and Fezzan. The chief cities are the capital Tripoli in northwest Libya and Benghazi, the country's second city. Other significant cities ...

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Libya, Libya - History, Libya - Politics, Libya - Municipalities, Libya - Geography, Libya - The Libyan Desert, Libya - Economy, Libya - Demographics, Libya - Culture, Libya - Religion, Libya - Miscellaneous topics

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Libya This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Libya Political parties in Libya Elections in Libya edit Many aspects of Muammar al-Qaddafi's Libyan revolution were based on that of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Like Nasser, Qaddafi seized power with a Free Officers Movement, which, in 1971 became the Arab Socialist Union. Like its Egyptian counterpart, the Libyan ASU was the sole legal party, and was desig ...

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Arab Socialist Union, Arab Socialist Union - Egypt, Arab Socialist Union - ASU Demise, Arab Socialist Union - Syria, Arab Socialist Union - Libya, Arab Socialist Union - Lebanon, Arab Socialist Union - Iraq

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Main article: History of Libya Tripoli and Cyrenaica were Roman colonies until they were conquered by Arab Muslims in the 7th century. By the 19th century the area was an increasingly independent Ottoman province until it came under the control of Italy in 1912. After the Second World War Libya was granted independence as a condition of the Allied peace treaty with Italy. Since 1969 Libya has been ruled by Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi, who came to power in a coup and deposed the Libyan monarchy of King Idris and declared t ...

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Libya, Libya - History, Libya - Politics, Libya - Municipalities, Libya - Geography, Libya - Economy, Libya - Demographics, Libya - Culture, Libya - Miscellaneous topics

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Cyrene, the ancient Greek city (in present-day Libya) was the oldest and most important of the five Greek cities in the region and gave eastern Libya the classical name 'Cyrenaica' that it has retained to modern times. It lies in a lush valley in the Jebel Akhdar uplands. It was named after a spring, Kyre, which the Greeks consecrated to Apollo. Cyrene was founded as a colony of the Greeks of Thera, traditionally led by Aristotle (later called Battus) of Thera, about 630 BC, ten miles from its port, Apollonia (Marsa Sousa). Det ...

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• Cyrene Libya - New discoveries

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The name amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is given to a public building of the Classical period (being particularly associated with ancient Rome) which was used for spectator sports, games and displays. Apart from function, the important outward distinction between an amphitheatre and a theatre is that an amphitheatre is round or oval in shape (whereas a theatre is semi-circular). However, an amphitheatre differs from a circus, which was used for racing a ...

Including:

• Amphitheatre - Catalogue of Roman amphitheatres
• Amphitheatre - Albania
• Amphitheatre - Croatia
• Amphitheatre - Cyprus
• Amphitheatre - England
• Amphitheatre - France
• Amphitheatre - Germany
• Amphitheatre - Greece
• Amphitheatre - The Netherlands
• Amphitheatre - Italy
• Amphitheatre - Libya
• Amphitheatre - Spain
• Amphitheatre - Switzerland
• Amphitheatre - Tunisia
• Amphitheatre - Wales
• Amphitheatre - Contemporary amphitheatres

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The first national flag of modern Libya was adopted when Libya gained independence from Italy in 1951. It consisted of a white crescent-and-star on a triband red-black-green design (with the central black band being twice the width of the outer bands). Following the 1969 coup, the flag was replaced by a Pan-Arabic red-white-black triband. After the formation and dissolution of the Federation of Arab Republics (briefly linking Libya to Egypt and Syria), ...

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Flag of Libya, Flag of Libya - History, Flag of Libya - Symbolism, Flag of Libya - Other green flags

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The Mediterranean coast and the Sahara Desert are the country's most prominent natural features. There are several highlands but no true mountain ranges except in the largely empty southern desert near the Chadian border, where the Tibesti Massif rises to over 2,200 meters. A relatively narrow coastal strip and highland steppes immediately south of it are the most productive agricultural regions. Still farther south a pastoral zone of sparse grassland gives way to the vast Sahara Desert, a barren wasteland of rocky plateaus and sand. It supports minimal human habitation, ...

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Geography of Libya, Geography of Libya - Geographical summary, Geography of Libya - Area and boundaries, Geography of Libya - Climate and Hydrology, Geography of Libya - Terrain and land use, Geography of Libya - Environmental concerns, Geography of Libya - Sources

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Within Libya as many as five different climatic zones have been recognized, but the dominant climatic influences are Mediterranean and Saharan. In most of the coastal lowland, the climate is Mediterranean, with warm summers and mild winters. Rainfall is scanty, and the dry climate results in a year-round 98-percent visibility. The weather is cooler in the highlands, and frosts occur at maximum elevations. In the desert interior the climate ...

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Geography of Libya, Geography of Libya - Geographical summary, Geography of Libya - Area and boundaries, Geography of Libya - Climate and Hydrology, Geography of Libya - Terrain and land use, Geography of Libya - Environmental concerns, Geography of Libya - Sources

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Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Athletics. Women's 400 metres: Ruwida El Hubti - Round 1: 1:03.57 s (NR, did not advance) Men's marathon: Ali Mabrouk El Zaidi - 2:20:31 (39th place) Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Judo. Men's 81 kg: Mohamed Ben Saleh Round of 32 - Lost to Robert Krawczyk of Poland Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Swimming. Men's 50m Freestyle: ...

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Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Medals, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Results by event, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Athletics, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Judo, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Swimming, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Taekwondo, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Weightlifting, Libya at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Officials

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Under the revolutionary government, the role of orthodox Islam in Libyan life has become progressively more important. Qadhafi is a highly devout Muslim who has repeatedly expressed a desire to exalt Islam and to restore it to its proper--i.e., central--place in the life of the people. He believes that the purity of Islam has been sullied through time, particularly by the influence of Europeans during and after the colonial period, and that its purity must be restored--by such actions as the restoration of sharia to its proper place as the b ...

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Islam in Libya, Islam in Libya - The Sanusis, Islam in Libya - Islam in Revolutionary Libya

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The six accused were charged with: committing actions on the territory of Libya which led to uncontrolled killing of people in an attempt on the state's security (punishable with death) participating in a conspiracy and team negotiation for commission of a murder; causing an epidemic by injecting 393 children with HIV in the children’s hospital Al-Fatih in Benghazi (punishable with death); acting contrary to Libyan standards ...

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HIV trial in Libya, HIV trial in Libya - Overseas reactions, HIV trial in Libya - Appeal to the Supreme Court, HIV trial in Libya - Quid pro quo, HIV trial in Libya - Case history, HIV trial in Libya - Case 44/1999 of People's Court of Libya, HIV trial in Libya - Case 213/2002 of the Criminal Court in Benghazi, HIV trial in Libya - Case 607/2003 of the Criminal Court in Benghazi, HIV trial in Libya - Case of the Supreme Court in Tripoli, HIV trial in Libya - Counter-trial of police, HIV trial in Libya - Civil lawsuit, HIV trial in Libya - Incentives for a resolution, HIV trial in Libya - Relief and protests over reprieve

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The Sanusi movement was a religious revival adapted to desert life. Its zawaayaa could be found in Tripolitania and Fezzan, but Sanusi influence was strongest in Cyrenaica. Rescuing the region from unrest and anarchy, the Sanusi movement gave the Cyrenaican tribal people a religious attachment and feelings of unity and purpose. The Sanusis formed a nucleus of resistance to the Italian colonial regime. As the nationalism fostered by unified resistance to the Italians gained adherents, however, the religious fervor of devotion to the mo ...

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Islam in Libya, Islam in Libya - The Sanusis, Islam in Libya - Islam in Revolutionary Libya

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Libya national football team - Libya 82. One memory which will live on in the minds of many Libyans is the 1982 African Cup Of Nations Tournament held in Libya. Libya qualified automatically as hosts and were put in a tight group alongside Ghana, Cameroon and Tunisia. The opening match of the tournament which saw the hosts take on Ghana in Tripoli was a closely contested match. Ghana managed to squeeze in a late goal in the 89th minute forcing a 2-2 draw. A 2-0 win over Tu ...

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Libya national football team, Libya national football team - History, Libya national football team - Overview, Libya national football team - World Cup history, Libya national football team - African Cup Of Nations, Libya national football team - Libya 82, Libya national football team - Egypt 06, Libya national football team - World Cup record, Libya national football team - African Nations Cup record

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Terrain: mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions Elevation extremes: lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 8% forests and woodland: 0% other: 91% (1993 ...

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Geography of Libya, Geography of Libya - Geographical summary, Geography of Libya - Area and boundaries, Geography of Libya - Climate and Hydrology, Geography of Libya - Terrain and land use, Geography of Libya - Environmental concerns, Geography of Libya - Sources

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Natural hazards: hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms Environment - current issues: desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities Environment - international agreements: party to: Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection ...

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Geography of Libya, Geography of Libya - Geographical summary, Geography of Libya - Area and boundaries, Geography of Libya - Climate and Hydrology, Geography of Libya - Terrain and land use, Geography of Libya - Environmental concerns, Geography of Libya - Sources

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Since Neolithic times, the climate of North Africa has been drying. A reminder of the desertification of the area is provided by megalithic remains, which occur in great variety of form and in vast numbers in presently arid and uninhabitable wastelands: dolmens and circles like Stonehenge, cairns, underground cells excavated in rock, barrows topped with huge slabs, and step-pyramidlike mounds. Most remarkable are the trilithons, some still standing, some thrown down, which occur isolated or in rows, and consist of two squared uprights standi ...

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History of Libya, History of Libya - Ancient Libya Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to 647 CE, History of Libya - Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica 647-1911, History of Libya - Italian Colony 1911-1951, History of Libya - Modern Libya

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On April 12, 2005, reports surfaced that Libya was considering a trade embargo with Bulgaria for what the Libyan government termed Bulgaria's failure to prevent the HIV outbreak. Although the case has resulted in tense diplomatic negotiations in the past, this move is considered an unexpected escalation by Libya. The reports were later denied by Libya. Libya has a motivation to resolve the case amicably with Europe in that it desires to join the EU's "Barcelona" trade partnership (see Barcelona Conference). Executing the medics under the current perceptions would almost certainly hav ...

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HIV trial in Libya, HIV trial in Libya - Overseas reactions, HIV trial in Libya - Appeal to the Supreme Court, HIV trial in Libya - Quid pro quo, HIV trial in Libya - Case history, HIV trial in Libya - Case 44/1999 of People's Court of Libya, HIV trial in Libya - Case 213/2002 of the Criminal Court in Benghazi, HIV trial in Libya - Case 607/2003 of the Criminal Court in Benghazi, HIV trial in Libya - Case of the Supreme Court in Tripoli, HIV trial in Libya - Counter-trial of police, HIV trial in Libya - Civil lawsuit, HIV trial in Libya - Incentives for a resolution, HIV trial in Libya - Relief and protests over reprieve

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An army of 40,000 Arabs, led by Abdallah ibn al-Sa’ad, the son of Said and foster-brother of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan, penetrated Libya in 647 CE. Tripoli was taken from the Byzantines, followed by Sufetula, a city 150 miles south of Carthage, where the exarch of Africa, Gregory, was killed. The Libyan campaign lasted fifteen months, after which Abdallah's invasion force returned to Egypt, with Cyrenaica and Tripoli established as ...

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History of Libya, History of Libya - Ancient Libya Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to 647 CE, History of Libya - Islamic Tripolitania and Cyrenaica 647-1911, History of Libya - Italian Colony 1911-1951, History of Libya - Modern Libya

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