Liberalism is an ideology, or current of political thought, which strives to maximize liberty. [1] Liberalism seeks a society characterized by freedom of thought for individuals, limitations on the power of government and religion, the rule of law, the free exchange of ideas, a free market economy that supports private enterprise, and a system of government that is transparent. This form of government favors liberal democracy with open and fair ...

Including:

Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism: an overview
Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage Liberalism - Trends within liberalism Liberalism - Comparative influences
Liberalism - Development of liberal thought
Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world
Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism
Liberalism - A general overview of political positions Liberalism - Political deviances Liberalism - Comparative critiques Liberalism - Liberal conservatism Liberalism - Neoliberalism
Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

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Liberalism, Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism: an overview, Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage, Liberalism - Trends within liberalism, Liberalism - Comparative influences, Liberalism - Development of liberal thought, Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought, Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism, Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism, Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression, Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism, Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II, Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world, Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism, Liberalism - A general overview of political positions, Liberalism - Political deviances, Liberalism - Comparative critiques, Liberalism - Liberal conservatism, Liberalism - Neoliberalism, Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

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Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage. The word "liberal" derives from the Latin liber ("free"), from which the term "liberty" also comes. Livy's History of Rome from Its Foundation describes the struggles for freedom between the plebeian and patrician classes. Largely dormant during the vicissitudes of the Middle Ages, this struggle began again in the Italian Renaissance, in the conflict between the supporters of free city states and the supporters of the Pope. Niccolò Machiavelli, in his See also:

Liberalism, Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism, Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage, Liberalism - Trends within liberalism, Liberalism - Comparative influences, Liberalism - Development of liberal thought, Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought, Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism, Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism, Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression, Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism, Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II, Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world, Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism, Liberalism - A general overview of political positions, Liberalism - Political deviances, Liberalism - Comparative critiques, Liberalism - Liberal conservatism, Liberalism - Liberal international relations theory, Liberalism - Neoliberalism, Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

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Liberalism - A general overview of political positions. The word liberalism is today used differently in various countries. (See Liberalism worldwide.) One of the greatest contrasts is between the usage in the United States and usage in Continental Europe. In the US, liberalism is usually contrasted with conservatism, and American liberals support broader tolerance and more readily embrace multiculturalism and affirmative action. In Europe, on the other hand, liberalism is not only contrasted with c ...

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Liberalism, Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism, Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage, Liberalism - Trends within liberalism, Liberalism - Comparative influences, Liberalism - Development of liberal thought, Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought, Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism, Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism, Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression, Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism, Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II, Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world, Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism, Liberalism - A general overview of political positions, Liberalism - Political deviances, Liberalism - Comparative critiques, Liberalism - Liberal conservatism, Liberalism - Liberal international relations theory, Liberalism - Neoliberalism, Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

Read more here: » Liberalism: Encyclopedia II - Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism

Liberalism - A general overview of political positions. Today the word "liberalism" is used differently in different countries. (See Liberalism worldwide.) One of the greatest contrasts is between the usage in the United States and usage in Continental Europe. In the US, liberalism is usually contrasted with conservatism, and American liberals support broader tolerance and more readily embrace multiculturalism and affirmative action. In Europe, on the other hand, liberalism is not only contrasted with cons ...

See also:

Liberalism, Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism, Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage, Liberalism - Trends within liberalism, Liberalism - Comparative influences, Liberalism - Development of liberal thought, Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought, Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism, Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism, Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression, Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism, Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II, Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world, Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism, Liberalism - A general overview of political positions, Liberalism - Political deviances, Liberalism - Comparative critiques, Liberalism - Liberal conservatism, Liberalism - Liberal international relations theory, Liberalism - Neoliberalism, Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

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Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought. The focus on "liberty" as an essential right of people within the polity has been repeatedly asserted throughout history. Mentioned above are the conflicts between the plebeians and patricians in ancient Rome and the struggles of Italian city states against the Papal States. The republics of Florence and Venice had forms of elections, the rule of law, and pursuit of free enterprise through much of the 1400s until domination by outside powers in the 16th century. The Dutch ...

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Liberalism, Liberalism - The nature and origins of liberalism, Liberalism - Etymology and historical usage, Liberalism - Trends within liberalism, Liberalism - Comparative influences, Liberalism - Development of liberal thought, Liberalism - Origins of liberal thought, Liberalism - Revolutionary liberalism, Liberalism - Disputes within liberalism, Liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression, Liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism, Liberalism - Liberalism after World War II, Liberalism - The impact of liberalism in the modern world, Liberalism - Contemporary liberalism, Liberalism - A general overview of political positions, Liberalism - Political deviances, Liberalism - Comparative critiques, Liberalism - Liberal conservatism, Liberalism - Liberal international relations theory, Liberalism - Neoliberalism, Liberalism - Further reading on liberalism

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Liberation is based on the word liberty, related to the word liberal, and it is often understood as "to be freed (or change) from not having freedom to having freedom". A major use of the word is the act of the (forcible) removal of unwanted control of an area, person or people by an outside (military) force. It could also mean the removal of sexual inhibitions. Some other meanings: Liberation could mean the 1944 defeat and expulsion of Nazi Germany from France by the victorious Allies. Liberatio ...

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Classical liberalism (also called classic liberalism or simply liberalism) is the original form of and nowadays a tendency within liberalism. It is a political school of thought that first emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, upholding individualism and free market economics. Classical liberalism focuses on concepts of individual autonomy and private property, and argues that the sole legitimate function of government is to defend these. Classical liberals promote the use of precisely delineated constitutions that are difficult or impossible to modify, intended to ...

Including:

Classical liberalism - Introduction Classical liberalism - Origins Classical liberalism - Classical liberal philosophy Classical liberalism - Classical liberalism during the Great Depression and the rise of dictatorships Classical liberalism - Classical liberalism economic freedom and their relationship with civil and political freedoms Classical liberalism - Classical liberalism and rhetorical liberalism as practiced in the United States Classical liberalism - External articles

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Liberation theology is an important and controversial school in the theology of the Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council. It is often cited as a form of Christian socialism, and it has had particularly widespread influence in Latin America and among the Jesuits, although its influence has diminished since important parts of its teaching were rejected by the Vatican. The current pope, Benedict XVI, has also been long known as an opponent of liberation theology, and indeed in his position (1981-2005) as prefect of the ...

Including:

Liberation theology - Overview Liberation theology - History: from Gustavo Gutiérrez to Vatican's condemnation Liberation theology - Official condemnation Liberation theology - Liberation theologians Liberation theology - Passages from the Bible Liberation theology - Bibliography

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This is an (partial) overview of individuals that contributed to the development of liberal theory on a worldwide scale and therefore are strongly associated with the liberal tradition and instrumental in the exposition of political liberalism as a philosophy. The contributors are listed in approximately chronological order, beginning from the roots of realism, rationalism and humanism in the Renaissance, all movements which were influential in the creation of what is thought of as liberal political theory. These include Desiderius Erasmus, ...

Including:

Contributions to liberal theory - Niccolò Machiavelli Contributions to liberal theory - Desiderius Erasmus Contributions to liberal theory - Hugo Grotius Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hobbes Contributions to liberal theory - Baruch Spinoza Contributions to liberal theory - John Locke Contributions to liberal theory - John Trenchard Contributions to liberal theory - Charles de Montesquieu Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Gordon Contributions to liberal theory - François Quesnay Contributions to liberal theory - Voltaire Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Franklin Contributions to liberal theory - David Hume Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Jacques Rousseau Contributions to liberal theory - Denis Diderot Contributions to liberal theory - Jean le Rond d'Alembert Contributions to liberal theory - Samuel Adams Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Price Contributions to liberal theory - Anders Chydenius Contributions to liberal theory - Adam Smith Contributions to liberal theory - William Blackstone Contributions to liberal theory - Immanuel Kant Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Robert Jacques Turgot Contributions to liberal theory - Edmund Burke Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Priestley Contributions to liberal theory - August Ludwig von Schlözer Contributions to liberal theory - Patrick Henry Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Paine Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Jefferson Contributions to liberal theory - Marquis de Condorcet Contributions to liberal theory - Jeremy Bentham Contributions to liberal theory - Emmanuel Sieyès Contributions to liberal theory - James Madison Contributions to liberal theory - Alexander Hamilton Contributions to liberal theory - Anne Louise Germaine de Staël Contributions to liberal theory - Benjamin Constant Contributions to liberal theory - Jean-Baptiste Say Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm von Humboldt Contributions to liberal theory - David Ricardo Contributions to liberal theory - James Mill Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich List Contributions to liberal theory - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke Contributions to liberal theory - Frédéric Bastiat Contributions to liberal theory - Harriet Martineau Contributions to liberal theory - Ralph Waldo Emerson Contributions to liberal theory - Alexis de Tocqueville Contributions to liberal theory - William Lloyd Garrison Contributions to liberal theory - John Stuart Mill Contributions to liberal theory - Abraham Lincoln Contributions to liberal theory - Juan Bautista Alberdi Contributions to liberal theory - Henry David Thoreau Contributions to liberal theory - Jakob Burkhardt Contributions to liberal theory - Herbert Spencer Contributions to liberal theory - Thomas Hill Green Contributions to liberal theory - Carl Menger Contributions to liberal theory - William Graham Sumner Contributions to liberal theory - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Contributions to liberal theory - Lujo Brentano Contributions to liberal theory - Tomás Masaryk Contributions to liberal theory - Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk Contributions to liberal theory - Louis Brandeis Contributions to liberal theory - Thorstein Veblen Contributions to liberal theory - John Dewey Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Naumann Contributions to liberal theory - Max Weber Contributions to liberal theory - Leonard Hobhouse Contributions to liberal theory - Benedetto Croce Contributions to liberal theory - Walther Rathenau Contributions to liberal theory - William Beveridge Contributions to liberal theory - Ludwig von Mises Contributions to liberal theory - John Maynard Keynes Contributions to liberal theory - José Ortega y Gasset Contributions to liberal theory - Salvador de Madariaga Contributions to liberal theory - Upton Sinclair Contributions to liberal theory - Will Durant Contributions to liberal theory - Adolf Berle Contributions to liberal theory - Wilhelm Röpke Contributions to liberal theory - Bertil Ohlin Contributions to liberal theory - Friedrich Hayek Contributions to liberal theory - Karl Popper Contributions to liberal theory - Alan Paton Contributions to liberal theory - John Hicks Contributions to liberal theory - Raymond Aron Contributions to liberal theory - Simone de Beauvoir Contributions to liberal theory - John Kenneth Galbraith Contributions to liberal theory - Isaiah Berlin Contributions to liberal theory - Milton Friedman Contributions to liberal theory - Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Contributions to liberal theory - James Buchanan Contributions to liberal theory - John Rawls Contributions to liberal theory - Murray Newton Rothbard Contributions to liberal theory - Gore Vidal Contributions to liberal theory - Noam Chomsky Contributions to liberal theory - Ralf Dahrendorf Contributions to liberal theory - Karl-Hermann Flach Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Raz Contributions to liberal theory - Ronald Dworkin Contributions to liberal theory - Richard Rorty Contributions to liberal theory - Amartya Sen Contributions to liberal theory - Robert Nozick Contributions to liberal theory - Hernando de Soto Contributions to liberal theory - Bruce Ackerman Contributions to liberal theory - Joseph Stiglitz Contributions to liberal theory - Martha Nussbaum Contributions to liberal theory - Francis Fukuyama Contributions to liberal theory - Dirk Verhofstadt Contributions to liberal theory - Will Kymlicka

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The Animal Liberation Front (ALF) is a name used internationally by animal liberation activists who engage in direct action on behalf of animals, or in protest of the animal testing, vivisection, fur, meat, egg, or dairy industries. Some governmental agencies and private citizens label the ALF "ecoterrorists", while supporters consider them more akin to "freedom fighters". Any non-violent direct action that furthers the cause of animal liberation may be claimed on behalf of the ALF, so long as it is consistent ...

Including:

Animal Liberation Front - Origins Animal Liberation Front - Structure and aims Animal Liberation Front - Actions Animal Liberation Front - Attitude toward violence Animal Liberation Front - Some targets in North America

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church ...

Including:

Liberal Christianity - Difficulties in definition Liberal Christianity - History Liberal Christianity - Characteristics of Liberal Christianity Liberal Christianity - Criticisms of Liberal Christianity Liberal Christianity - Liberal theology Liberal Christianity - The tenets of Liberal theology Liberal Christianity - Liberal theology and religious language Liberal Christianity - Liberal hermeneutics Liberal Christianity - Liberal Christian Theologians and Authors
Liberal Christianity - Protestant Liberal Christianity - Catholic

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American liberalism (also called modern liberalism) is a political current that claims descent from classical liberalism in terms of devotion to individual liberty, but rejects the laissez faire economics of classical liberalism in favor of institutions that promote social and economic equity. It is generally seen as beginning in the first decades of the 20th century, and achieving a political hegemony in the Ne ...

Including:

American liberalism - History of American Liberalism
American liberalism - Early American Liberalism American liberalism - The New Deal American liberalism - American liberalism during the Cold War American liberalism - The liberal consensus American liberalism - Liberals and Civil Rights American liberalism - Paleoliberalism and neoconservatives American liberalism - Liberals and Vietnam American liberalism - Nixon and the liberal consensus American liberalism - End of the liberal consensus
American liberalism - Philosophy of American Liberalism American liberalism - Some positions associated with American liberalism American liberalism - Negative use of the term liberal American liberalism - American liberal thinkers

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Liberal Judaism is a term used by some communities worldwide for what is otherwise also known as Reform Judaism or Progressive Judaism. Liberal Judaism - Liberal Judaism in the UK. As well as the general sense above, the term 'Liberal Judaism' has a particular significance in the UK. For historical reasons in the UK, 'Liberal Judaism' exists as a separate identity from the United Kingdom's Movement for Reform Judaism. The Movement for Reform Judaism is associated with communitie ...

Including:

Liberal Judaism - Liberal Judaism in the UK
Liberal Judaism - Organisations
Liberal Judaism - Links

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The Bangladesh Liberation War (two other names are also used occasionally) refers to an armed conflict between West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) that lasted for roughly nine months in 1971. The war resulted in Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan. Bangladesh Liberation War - Reasons for war. Bangladesh Liberation War - Years before the war. During Partition of India, Pakistan, as a country, gained independence on 14 August 1947 following the end ...

Including:

Bangladesh Liberation War - Reasons for war
Bangladesh Liberation War - Years before the war Bangladesh Liberation War - Economic exploitation Bangladesh Liberation War - Political differences Bangladesh Liberation War - Difference in religious standpoints Bangladesh Liberation War - Language controversy Bangladesh Liberation War - Impact of the hurricane Bangladesh Liberation War - Political climax Bangladesh Liberation War - Military preparation in West Pakistan Bangladesh Liberation War - Bangobondhu's speech of 7 March Bangladesh Liberation War - Violence of 25 March Bangladesh Liberation War - Declaration of independence
Bangladesh Liberation War - The main war
Bangladesh Liberation War - Major Battles and Operations
Bangladesh Liberation War - Foreign intervention
Bangladesh Liberation War - USA and USSR Bangladesh Liberation War - China Bangladesh Liberation War - United Nations Bangladesh Liberation War - India
Bangladesh Liberation War - End of the war Bangladesh Liberation War - Reaction in West Pakistan to the war Bangladesh Liberation War - Nomenclature justifications
Bangladesh Liberation War - Pakistani Civil War Bangladesh Liberation War - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War - Liberation War of Bangladesh
Bangladesh Liberation War - Atrocities
Bangladesh Liberation War - How many people died? Bangladesh Liberation War - Atrocities on women and minorities Bangladesh Liberation War - Killing of intellectuals
Bangladesh Liberation War - Recipients of Military Awards Bangladesh Liberation War - Current day influence of the War Bangladesh Liberation War - The conflict in arts and media

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The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed revolutionary group based in Chiapas, one of the poorest states of Mexico. Their social base is mostly indigenous but they have supporters in urban areas as well as an international web of support. Their most visible leader by far is Subcommander Marcos. Some consider the Zapatista movement the first post-modern revolution: an armed yet non-violent revolutionary group that incorporates modern technologi ...

Including:

Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Brief history Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Detailed History Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Controversies Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Political initiatives Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Communications Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Ideology Zapatista Army of National Liberation - Recent and current activities

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The Africa Liberal Network is composed of 16 parties in Africa, from 14 different countries, and is an associated organisation of Liberal International, the political family to which Liberal Democratic parties belong. The ALN serves to promote liberal democratic objectives and principles throughout the African continent. The parties involved in the network are bound by a policy stating that they: exist to ensure the freedom and dignity of all people through; establishing political and civil rights, ensuring basic freedoms, the rule of ...

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Africa Liberal Network - Objectives Africa Liberal Network - Projects and Activities Africa Liberal Network - Brief History Africa Liberal Network - External link

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Classical liberalism is a political and economic philosophy. With roots in ancient Greek and medieval thought, it received an early expression in the 16th century by the School of Salamanca and its classic formulation in the Enlightenment tradition. The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Scottish philosopher Adam Smith is one of the classic works that rejects the philosophy of mercantilism, which advocated state interventionism in the economy and protectionism. The classical liberals saw mercantalism as enriching privileged elites at ...

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Classical liberalism, Classical liberalism - Introduction, Classical liberalism - Origins, Classical liberalism - Classical liberal philosophy, Classical liberalism - Liberalism and the great depression, Classical liberalism - Liberalism against totalitarianism, Classical liberalism - Classical liberalism versus 'modern' or social liberalism

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In essence, liberation theology explores the relationship between Christian theology (usually Catholic) and political activism, particularly in areas of social justice and human rights. The main methodological innovation of liberation theology is to do theology, i.e., speak of God, from the viewpoint of the economically poor and oppressed of the human community. According to Jon Sobrino, S.J., the poor are a privileged channel of God's grace. According to Phillip Berryman (see the bibliography), liberation theology is "an interpretation of C ...

See also:

Liberation theology, Liberation theology - Overview, Liberation theology - History: from Gustavo Gutiérrez to Vatican's condemnation, Liberation theology - Official condemnation, Liberation theology - Liberation theologians, Liberation theology - Passages from the Bible, Liberation theology - Bibliography

Read more here: » Liberation theology: Encyclopedia II - Liberation theology - Overview

Classical liberalism is a political and economic philosophy. With roots in ancient Greek and medieval thought, it received an early expression in the 16th century by the School of Salamanca and its classic formulation in the Enlightenment tradition. The Wealth of Nations (1776) by Scottish philosopher Adam Smith is one of the classic works that rejects the philosophy of mercantilism, which advocated state interventionism in the economy and protectionism. The classical liberals saw mercantalism as enriching privileged elites at ...

See also:

Classical liberalism, Classical liberalism - Introduction, Classical liberalism - Origins, Classical liberalism - Classical liberal philosophy, Classical liberalism - Classical liberalism during the Great Depression and the rise of dictatorships, Classical liberalism - Classical liberalism economic freedom and their relationship with civil and political freedoms, Classical liberalism - Classical liberalism and rhetorical liberalism as practiced in the United States, Classical liberalism - External articles

Read more here: » Classical liberalism: Encyclopedia II - Classical liberalism - Origins