Lev Gumilev - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Lev Gumilev: Encyclopedia Ii - Lev Gumilev - Accusations Of Anti-semitism
Gumilev did not extend this ethnological ecumenism, however, to the medieval Jews, who he regarded as a parasitic, international urban cl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Late References To The Khazars
There is debate as to the temporal and geographic extent of Khazar polities following Sviatoslav's sack of Atil in 967/9, or even whether...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Decline And Fall
Khazars - Rise of Rus. Originally the Khazars were probably allied with various Norse factions who controlled the region around Novgoro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Debate
Khazars - Date and extent of the conversion. The date of the conversion, and whether it occurred as one event or as a sequence of event...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Extent Of Influence
The Khazar Khaganate was, at its height, an immensely powerful state. The Khazar heartland was on the lower Volga and the Caspian coast a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Origins And Prehistory
The origins of the Khazars are unclear. Following their conversion to Judaism, the Khazars themselves traced their origins to Kozar, a so...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - In Fiction
Main article: Khazars in fiction The question of mass religious conversion is a central theme in Milorad Pavić's international bestselli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Economic Position
Khazars - Trade. The Khazars occupied a prime trade nexus. Goods from western Europe travelled east to Central Asia and China and vice ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Rise
Khazars - Formation of the Khazar state. Early Khazar history is intimately tied with that of the Gokturk empire, founded when the Ashi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Tribes
The Khazars' tribal structure is not well understood. They appear, like many Turkic nations, to have been divided between Ak-Khazars ("Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Government
Khazars - Khazar Kingship. Main Articles: Khagan; Khagan Bek; for names of Khazar rulers see List of Khazar rulers. Khazar kingship was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khazars: Encyclopedia Ii - Khazars - Khazar Religion
Khazars - Turkic shamanism. Originally, the Khazars practiced traditional Turkic shamanism, focused on the sky god Tengri, but were hea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia Ii - Oghuz Turks - Origins
The Oghuz Turks have perhaps been the most successful branch of Turkic peoples and families. Their history as kings, statesmen, warriors,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Stalin And Changes In Soviet Society
Joseph Stalin - Industrialization. Main article: Industrialization of the USSR. The Russian Civil War and War communism had a devastati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Horde: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Horde - Golden Age
The Horde quickly lost its Mongol identity. While the descendants of Batu's original Mongol warriors constituted the upper class of socie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Russians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russians - Art
List of Russians - Architects. Vasily Bazhenov (1738-1799) Savva Chevakinsky (1709-between 1774 and 1780) Matvei Kazakov (1738-1812) A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Russians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russians - Statesmen And Military
List of Russians - Before 1917. See also Tsar for the list of old Russian rulers Alexis (1629-1676), "Aleksey Mikhaylovich the Quiet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia Ii - Oghuz Turks - Anthropology
The Oghuz Turks are considered by some historians as genetically, culturally and linguistically "the purest of Turks". According to Lev G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia Ii - Oghuz Turks - Name
The name Oghuz is derived from the words "arrow" and "tribes." The depiction of an archer shooting an arrow was the flag of the Seljuk Em...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Russians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russians - Former Soviet Union
During the times of the Soviet Union nationals of other constituent republics were traditionally known as "Russians" in the West. Some of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Russians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russians - Sports
List of Russians - Chess. Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine Mikhail Moiseyevich Botvinnik Anatoly Karpov Garry Kasparov (b. 1963, fathe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Marriages And Family
Stalin's first wife who was called Ekaterina Svanidze, he married for just three years until her death in 1907. At her funeral, Stalin sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Russians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russians - Scientists
List of Russians - A-K. Alexei Abrikosov, physicist, Nobel Prize recipient Tatyana Alexeyevna Afanasyeva, mathematician Viktor Amazasp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Policies And Accomplishments
Overall, under Stalin's rule the Soviet Union was transformed from an agricultural nation to a global superpower. The USSR's industrialis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Childhood And Early Years
Stalin was born in Gori, Georgia, to a cobbler named Vissarion Jughashvili. His mother, Ekaterina Geladze, was born a serf. Their other t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia Ii - Oghuz Turks - Literature
Oghuz Turkish literature includes the famous Book of Dede Korkut which was UNESCO's 2000 literacy work of the year, as well as the Oguzna...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia Ii - Oghuz Turks - Homeland In Transoxiana
In the 8th century, the Oghuz Turks made a new home and domain for themselves in the area between the Caspian and Aral seas, a region tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia Ii - Oghuz Turks - Turcoman & Turkmen
The terms "Turkmen" and "Turcoman" were often used as a designation for the Muslim-Oghhuz Turks (Azerbaijanis, Turks of Turkey, central A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia Ii - Oghuz Turks - Social Unit
The militarism that their empires were very well known for was rooted in their centuries-long nomadic lifestyle. In general they were a h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Stalin As Theorist
Stalin made few contributions to Communist (or, more specifically, Marxist-Leninist) theory, but the contributions he did make were accep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Marriages And Family
Stalin's first wife was called Ekaterina Svanidze, he married for just three years until her death in 1907. At her funeral, Stalin said t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Horde: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Horde - Disintegration And Fall
A fatal blow to the Horde was dealt by Tamerlane, who annihilated Tokhtamysh's army, destroyed his capital, looted the Crimean trade cent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Horde: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Horde - Political Evolution
After Batu's death in 1255, the prosperity of his empire lasted for a full century, until the assassination of Jani Beg in 1357. The Whit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Horde: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Horde - Name
The name Golden is believed to have come from the steppe color-direction system: black — north, blue — east, red — south, white —...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Golden Horde: Encyclopedia Ii - Golden Horde - Mongol Origins
At his death, Genghis Khan divided the Mongol Empire amongst his four sons. Jochi was the eldest, but he was already dead and his paterni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Russians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russians - Cosmonauts
List of Russians - A-N. Yuri Artyukhin Pavel Belyayev (1925-1970) Georgi Beregovoi (1921-1995) Valery Bykovsky Lev Demin Georgi Dobrov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Rise To Power
In 1912 Stalin was co-opted to the Bolshevik Central Committee at the Prague Party Conference. In 1917 Stalin was editor of Pravda, the o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Policies And Accomplishments
Overall, under Stalin's rule the Soviet Union was transformed from an agricultural nation to a global superpower. The USSR's industrialis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Other Names
His first name is also transliterated as Josif. His original surname, ჯუღაშვილი (Jughashvili), is also transliterated a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - World War Ii
After declining Franco-British missions to Moscow in hopes that the USSR would enter a treaty of Polish defense with them, Stalin began t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Cult Of Personality
Stalin allowed a cult of personality to be created in the Soviet Union around both himself and Lenin. The embalming of the Soviet founder...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Death
On March 1, 1953, after an all-night dinner with interior minister Lavrenty Beria and future premiers Georgi Malenkov, Nikolai Bulganin a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Post-war Era
Following World War II, the Red Army occupied much of the territory that had been formerly held by the Axis countries: there were Soviet ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lev Gumilev: Encyclopedia Ii - Lev Gumilev - Life
His parents were two prominent poets Nikolay Gumilev and Anna Akhmatova. They divorced when Lev was a baby, and his father was executed w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lev Gumilev: Encyclopedia Ii - Lev Gumilev - Ideas
Gumilev attempted to explain the waves of nomadic migration that rocked the great steppe of Eurasia for centuries by geographical factors...   » Read the article