Lebanon This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Lebanon Constitution President: Emile Lahoud Prime Minister: Fouad Siniora Parliament Speaker of the Parliament Political parties Elections edit Camille Nimr Chamoun was born at Deir el-Qamar on 3 April 1900, into a prominent Maronite Christian family. He was educated in France and became a lawyer. He was first elected ...

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Camille Chamoun, Camille Chamoun - Early years, Camille Chamoun - Revolt of 1958, Camille Chamoun - Founding the NLP, Camille Chamoun - During the Civil War, Camille Chamoun - Death and legacy, Camille Chamoun - Timeline

Read more here: » Camille Chamoun: Encyclopedia II - Camille Chamoun - Early years

The lyrics of "We Didn't Start the Fire" are essentially a chronological list of specific events, names, and places, beginning in Joel's year of birth. Stream of consciousness in style, the song could be considered a natural successor to songs such as "Subterranean Homesick Blues" and "It's the End of the World as We Know It (And I Feel Fine)", as it consists of a series of unrelated images in a quick-fire, half-rapped, half-sung vocal style. The following are the lists as they appear in the song's lyrics, though in the actual song th ...

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We Didn't Start the Fire, We Didn't Start the Fire - Historical items referred to in the song, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1949, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1950, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1951, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1952, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1953, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1954, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1955, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1956, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1957, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1958, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1959, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1960, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1961, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1962, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1963, We Didn't Start the Fire - 1964–1989, We Didn't Start the Fire - Criticism

Read more here: » We Didn't Start the Fire: Encyclopedia II - We Didn't Start the Fire - Historical items referred to in the song

Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and secular left wing groups in the 1960s, leading them to join forces as the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) in 1969. The LNM called for the taking of a new census (the last one had been conducted in 1932) and the subsequent drafting of a new governmental structure that would reflect the actual population balance. This was perceived as a mortal threat for Christian (especially Maronite) power in Lebanon, although alliances were admittedly much more complex than the "Muslims versus Christians" rubric ...

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Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias

Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and secular left wing groups in the 1960s, leading them to join forces as the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) in 1969. The LNM called for the taking of a new census (the last one had been conducted in 1932) and the subsequent drafting of a new governmental structure that would reflect the actual population balance. This was perceived as a mortal threat for Christian (especially Maronite) power in Lebanon, although alliances were admittedly much more complex than the "Muslims versus Christians" rubric ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias

As a result of the Cairo Agreement in 1969, the Palestinians were legally allowed to operate as a militia within Lebanon, to fight Israel. They were granted full control over the refugee camps, but soon much of southern Lebanon fell under the PLO's effective rule. As fighters poured in from Jordan after the Black September destruction of the PLO's apparatus there, the PLO's presence became overbearing to many of inhabitants of these areas. The radical factions operated as a law unto themselves, and quickly alienated conservative Shi'a villag ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict

Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978. Israel Defense Forces entered South Lebanon with the declared purpose "to wipe out PLO terrorist bases"[1] after a number of attacks against Israeli civilians launched by PLO from southern Lebanon. In the latest of those attacks on 11 March 1978, eleven Fatah militants landed on a beach in northern Israel and proceeded to hijack two buses full of passengers on Haifa - Tel-Aviv road, shooting at vehicles passing by. They killed 37 and wounded 76 Isra ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82

Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres. Throughout the Spring of 1975, minor clashes had been building up towards all-out conflict, with the LNM pitted against the Phalange, and the ever-weaker national government wavering between the need to maintain order and cater to its Christian constituency. On the morning of April 13, 1975, unidentified gunmen in a speeding car fired on a group of Phalangist leaders leaving Church in the Christian Beirut suburb of Ain Rumaneh, killing four people in ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77

Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis. Between 1985 and 1989, sectarian conflict worsened as various efforts at national reconciliation failed. Heavy fighting took place in the War of the Camps of 1985-86 as a Syrian-backed coalition headed by the Amal militia sought to rout the PLO from their Lebanese strongholds. Many thousands of Palestinians died, and the Sabra, Shatila, a ...

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Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89

Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots. Main article: French Mandate of Lebanon Lebanon in its modern borders was established in 1920, as a French mandate granted by the League of Nations after the Conference of San Remo. It had been carved out of the Ottoman Empire, but there existed a unique history of Christian-dominated autonomy in the Mount Lebanon area ("Little Lebanon") under Ottoman government, partly as a result of French pressures on behalf of the Maronites. During its mandate, F ...

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Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war

In March 1991, parliament passed an amnesty law that pardoned all political crimes prior to its enactment. The amnesty was not extended to crimes perpetrated against foreign diplomats or certain crimes referred by the cabinet to the Higher Judicial Council. In May 1991, the militias (with the important exception of Hizbullah) were dissolved, and the Lebanese Armed Forces began to slowly rebuild themselves as Lebanon's only major non-sectarian institution. Some violence still occurred. In late December 1991 a car bomb (estimated to car ...

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Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife

Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon. On 3 June 1982, the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Israeli ambassador Shlomo Argov in London. Abu Nidal had assassinated numerous PLO diplomats, and attempted to kill both Arafat and Mahmud Abbas, and was in fact condemned to death by the PLO (Chomsky, op. cit., p. 196). Additionally, British intelligence reported that the attempt had likely been sponsored by Iraq, and Israeli intelligence agreed; however, none of this dissuaded Ariel Shar ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83

In 1984, Chamoun agreed to join the National Unity government as Deputy Prime Minister, a post he held until his death in Beirut on 7 August 1987, at the age of 87. He is remembered as one of the main Christian nationalist leaders, and one of the last significant figures of Lebanon's pre-war generation of politicians, whose political influence was eclipsed during the war by that of younger militia commanders and warlords. Camille Chamoun was survived by his two sons, Dany and Dory, both of whom followed in his footstep ...

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Camille Chamoun, Camille Chamoun - Early years, Camille Chamoun - Revolt of 1958, Camille Chamoun - Founding the NLP, Camille Chamoun - During the Civil War, Camille Chamoun - Death and legacy, Camille Chamoun - Timeline

Read more here: » Camille Chamoun: Encyclopedia II - Camille Chamoun - Death and legacy

Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978. Israel Defense Forces entered South Lebanon with the declared purpose "to wipe out PLO terrorist bases"[1] after a number of attacks against Israeli civilians launched by PLO from southern Lebanon. On 11 March 1978, eleven Fatah militants landed on a beach in northern Israel and proceeded to hijack two buses. 37 Israelis died and 76 were w ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82

Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres. Throughout the Spring of 1975, minor clashes had been building up towards all-out conflict, with the LNM pitted against the Phalange, and the ever-weaker national government wavering between the need to maintain order and cater to its Christian constituency. On the morning of April 13, 1975, unidentified gunmen in a speeding car fired on a group of Phalangist leaders leaving Church in the Christian Beirut suburb of Ain Rumaneh, killing four people in ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77

As a result of the Cairo Agreement in 1969, the Palestinians were legally allowed to operate as a militia within Lebanon, to fight Israel. They were granted full control over the refugee camps, but soon much of southern Lebanon fell under the PLO's effective rule. As fighters poured in from Jordan after the Black September destruction of the PLO's apparatus there, the PLO's presence became overbearing to many of inhabitants of these areas. The radical factions operated as a law unto themselves, and conservative Shi'a villagers watched in hor ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - Aoun's War of Liberation =, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions

Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict

Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon. On 3 June 1982, the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Israeli ambassador Shlomo Argov in London. Abu Nidal had assassinated numerous PLO diplomats, and attempted to kill both Arafat and Mahmud Abbas, and was in fact condemned to death by the PLO (Chomsky, op. cit., p. 196). Additionally, British intelligence reported that the attempt had likely been sponsored by Iraq, and Israeli intelligence agreed; however, none of this dissuaded Ariel Shar ...

See also:

Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third ph