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leap years
A Wisdom Archive on leap years

leap years A selection of articles related to leap years

We recommend this article: leap years - 1, and also this: leap years - 2.

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ARTICLES RELATED TO leap years

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Calendar structure

In leap years, Chaitra has 31 days and starts on March 21 instead. Like the Persian calendar, the months in the first half of the year all have 31 days, to take into account the slower movement of the sun across the ecliptic at this time. The names of the months are derived from older, Hindu lunisolar calendars, so variations in spelling exist, and there is a possible source of confusion as to what calendar a date belongs to. Years are counted in the Saka Era, which starts its year 0 in 78. To determine leap years, add 78 to the Saka year - if the result is a leap year in the ...

See also:

Indian national calendar, Indian national calendar - Calendar structure, Indian national calendar - Adoption

Read more here: » Indian national calendar: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Calendar structure

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Year - Summary of various kinds of year

An average Gregorian year is 365.2425 days = 52.1775 weeks, 8,765.82 hours = 525,949.2 minutes = 31,556,952 seconds (mean solar, not SI). A common year is 365 days = 8,760 hours = 525,600 minutes = 31,536,000 seconds. A leap year is 366 days = 8,784 hours = 527,040 minutes = 31,622,400 seconds. An easy to remember approximation for the number of seconds in a year is ×107 seconds. The 400-year cycle of the Gregorian calendar has 146097 days and hence exactly 20871 weeks. See also Numerical facts ...

See also:

Year, Year - Seasonal year, Year - Calendar year, Year - Astronomical years, Year - Julian year, Year - Sidereal year, Year - Tropical year, Year - Anomalistic year, Year - Draconic year, Year - Fumocy, Year - Heliacal year, Year - Sothic year, Year - Gaussian year, Year - Besselian year, Year - Great year, Year - Variation in the length of the year and the day, Year - Summary of various kinds of year

Read more here: » Year: Encyclopedia II - Year - Summary of various kinds of year

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Calendar structure

In leap years, Chaitra has 31 days and starts on March 21 instead. The months in the first half of the year all have 31 days, to take into account the slower movement of the sun across the ecliptic at this time. The names of the months are derived from older, Hindu lunisolar calendars, so variations in spelling exist, and there is a possible source of confusion as to what calendar a date belongs to. Years are counted in the Saka Era, which starts its year 0 in 78. To determine leap years, add 78 to the Saka year - if the result is a leap year in the ...

See also:

Indian national calendar, Indian national calendar - Calendar structure, Indian national calendar - Adoption

Read more here: » Indian national calendar: Encyclopedia II - Indian national calendar - Calendar structure

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Epact - Lunar calendar

Epacts are used to find the date in the lunar calendar from the date in the common solar calendar. Epact - Solar and lunar years. A (solar) calendar year usually has 365 days (366 days in leap years). A lunar year usually has 12 synodic months, that last about 29+½ days (and a bit) on average. So the lunar year has months that start with the New Moon and alternate between 30 and 29 days in length, and the lunar year is counted to have 12 × 29.5 = 354 days. So the solar yea ...

See also:

Epact, Epact - Lunar calendar, Epact - Solar and lunar years, Epact - 19-year cycle, Epact - Lilian Gregorian epacts

Read more here: » Epact: Encyclopedia II - Epact - Lunar calendar

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Lunisolar calendar - Determining leap months

To determine when an embolismic month needs to be inserted, some calendars rely on direct observations of the state of vegetation, while others compare the ecliptic longitude of the sun and the phase of the moon. On the other hand, in arithmetical lunisolar calendars, an integral number of synodic months is fitted into some integral number of years by a fixed rule. To construct such a calendar, the average length of the tropical year is divided by the average length of the synodic month, which gives the nu ...

See also:

Lunisolar calendar, Lunisolar calendar - Examples, Lunisolar calendar - Determining leap months, Lunisolar calendar - Calculating a leap month

Read more here: » Lunisolar calendar: Encyclopedia II - Lunisolar calendar - Determining leap months

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Cultural Revolution - Background

Cultural Revolution - Great Leap Forward. Main Article: Great Leap Forward In 1957, after China's first Five-Year Plan, Mao Zedong called for an increase in the speed of growth of "actual socialism" in China (as opposed to "dictatorial socialism"). To accomplish this goal, Mao began the Great Leap Forward, establishing special communes in the countryside through the usage of collective labor and mass mobilization. The Great Leap Forward was intended to increase the production of steel and to r ...

See also:

Cultural Revolution, Cultural Revolution - Background, Cultural Revolution - Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution - Increasing conflict between Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi, Cultural Revolution - Influences elsewhere, Cultural Revolution - The Cultural Revolution, Cultural Revolution - 1966: The road to democracy begins, Cultural Revolution - 1967: Political power struggles, Cultural Revolution - 1968: Cult of personality, Cultural Revolution - Time dominated by Lin Biao, Cultural Revolution - Transition of the party apparatus, Cultural Revolution - Lin's attempts at expanding power base, Cultural Revolution - Lin's attempted military coup, Cultural Revolution - Time of the Gang of Four, Cultural Revolution - Developments and Criticize Confucius Criticize Lin Biao Campaign, Cultural Revolution - 1976: Cultural Revolution's end, Cultural Revolution - After the Revolution, Cultural Revolution - Effect, Cultural Revolution - World reaction, Cultural Revolution - Historical views

Read more here: » Cultural Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Cultural Revolution - Background

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Birthday - Official/Alternative birthdays and name day

Some notables, particularly monarchs such as Queen Elizabeth II have "official birthdays" which do not match their actual birthday, but on which celebrations are held. In cases where an historical figure's actual birthday is unknown, e.g. Jesus, it is common for a particular date to be substituted. Children who are born on the leap day 29th of February, which only occurs during leap years, o ...

See also:

Birthday, Birthday - Western birthday traditions, Birthday - Festive, Birthday - Testing, Birthday - Astrology, Birthday - Special birthdays, Birthday - Official/Alternative birthdays and name day, Birthday - History of celebration of birthdays in the West, Birthday - Birthday gift symbolism, Birthday - Birthstones, Birthday - Zodiac stones, Birthday - Birthday stones, Birthday - Links

Read more here: » Birthday: Encyclopedia II - Birthday - Official/Alternative birthdays and name day

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Birthday - Official/Alternative birthdays and name day

Some notables, particularly monarchs such as Queen Elizabeth II have "official birthdays" which do not match their actual birthday, but on which celebrations are held. In cases where a historical figure's actual birthday is unknown, e.g. Jesus, it is common for a particular date to be substituted. Children who are born on the leap day 29th of February, which only occurs during leap years, o ...

See also:

Birthday, Birthday - Western birthday traditions, Birthday - Festive, Birthday - Testing, Birthday - Astrology, Birthday - Special birthdays, Birthday - Official/Alternative birthdays and name day, Birthday - History of celebration of birthdays in the West, Birthday - Birthday gift symbolism, Birthday - Birthstones, Birthday - Zodiac stones, Birthday - Birthday stones

Read more here: » Birthday: Encyclopedia II - Birthday - Official/Alternative birthdays and name day

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Tropical year - Approximations

Continued fractions of the decimal value for the vernal equinox year quoted above give successive approaches to the average interval between vernal equinoxes, in terms of fractions of a day. These can be used to intercalate years of 365 days with leap years of 366 days to keep the calendar year synchronized with the vernal equinox: 365 (No intercalated days) 365 + 1/4 (Julian intercalation cycle; 1-in-4) 365 + 7/29 (6 × Julian cycle + 1-in-5; 7-in-29) 365 + 8/33 (Khayyam cycle; 7 × 1-in-4 + 1-in-5) 365 + 143 ...

See also:

Tropical year, Tropical year - Subtleties, Tropical year - Current mean value, Tropical year - Different lengths, Tropical year - Calendar year, Tropical year - Approximations

Read more here: » Tropical year: Encyclopedia II - Tropical year - Approximations

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Darian calendar - Calendar layout

The year is divided into 24 months. The first 5 months in each quarter have 28 sols. The final month has only 27 sols unless it is the final month of a leap year when it contains the leap sol as its final sol. The calendar maintains a seven-sol week, but the week is restarted from its first sol at the start of each month. If a month has 27 sols, this causes the final sol of the week to be omitted. This is partly for tidiness. It can also be rationalised as making the average length of the Martian week close to the average length of the Terrestrial week, although it must be remembered that 28 Earth days is roughly equal ...

See also:

Darian calendar, Darian calendar - Year Length and Intercalation, Darian calendar - Calendar layout, Darian calendar - Start of Year, Darian calendar - Disputed points, Darian calendar - Martiana Calendar, Darian calendar - Other Darian Calendars

Read more here: » Darian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Darian calendar - Calendar layout

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Lunisolar calendar - Examples

The Hebrew, Hindu lunar, Buddhist, Tibetan calendars, and Chinese calendar used alone until 1912 and then used along with the Gregorian Calendar are all lunisolar, as was the Japanese calendar until 1873, the pre-Islamic calendar, the first century Gaulish Coligny calendar and the second millennium BCE Babylonian calendar. The Hebrew, Chinese and Coligny lunisolar calendars track the tropical year whereas the Buddhist and Hindu lunisolar calendars track the sidereal year. Therefore the first two give an idea of the seasons whereas the last t ...

See also:

Lunisolar calendar, Lunisolar calendar - Examples, Lunisolar calendar - Determining leap months, Lunisolar calendar - Calculating a leap month

Read more here: » Lunisolar calendar: Encyclopedia II - Lunisolar calendar - Examples

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Shire Calendar - Months of the year and special days

The Shire calendar's year was divided into 12 months of 30 days. Five additional days were added to create a 365-day year. The months followed the lunar cycle. The Yuledays were the days that mark the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one, so 2 Yule was the first day of the year. The Lithedays are the three days in the middle of the year, 1 Lithe, Mid-year's Day, and 2 Lithe. In leap years (every fourth year except centennial years) a day was added after Mid-year's Day called Overlithe. All these days ...

See also:

Shire Calendar, Shire Calendar - Months of the year and special days, Shire Calendar - Days of the week

Read more here: » Shire Calendar: Encyclopedia II - Shire Calendar - Months of the year and special days

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Iranian calendar - Calculating the day of the week

Calculating the day of the week is easy. You need just need an anchor date to start with. One good day to choose is Sunday, 1 Farvardin 1372, which equals 21 March 1993. To jump ahead by one 33-year cycle: move back by one weekday. Similarly, to jump back by one 33-year cycle, move ahead by one weekday. As in the Gregorian calendar, dates move forward exactly one day of the week with each passing year, except if there is an intervening leap day. The leap day will make the date move an additional day forward. The chosen anchor d ...

See also:

Iranian calendar, Iranian calendar - Background, Iranian calendar - History of calendar in Persia, Iranian calendar - Details, Iranian calendar - Month Names, Iranian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Iranian calendar - Calculating the day of the week

Read more here: » Iranian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Iranian calendar - Calculating the day of the week

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Year zero - Astronomers

Astronomers include a year 0 immediately before year 1. The first use of an astronomical year 0 is traditionally attributed to Jacques Cassini in his Tables astronomiques (Astronomical Tables, 1740). His stated reasons for including a year zero were (page 5, translated from French): The year 0 is that in which one supposes that Jesus Christ was born, which several chronologists mark 1 before the birth of Jesus Christ and which we marked 0, so that the sum of the years before and after Jesus Christ gives the interval which is between these years, and where numbers divisible by 4 mark the leap years ...

See also:

Year zero, Year zero - Historians, Year zero - Astronomers, Year zero - Other year zero traditions, Year zero - South Asian moon calendars, Year zero - Mesoamerican Maya historians, Year zero - Third millennium, Year zero - Media, Year zero - Notes

Read more here: » Year zero: Encyclopedia II - Year zero - Astronomers

leap years: Encyclopedia II - Coptic calendar - The Coptic year

The Coptic year is the extension of the ancient Egyptian civil year, retaining its subdivision into the three seasons, four months each. The three seasons are commemorated by special prayers in the Coptic Liturgy. This calendar is still in use all over Egypt by farmers to keep track of the various agricultural seasons. The Coptic calendar has 13 months, 12 of 30 days each and an intercalary month at the end of the year of 5 or 6 days, depending whether the year is a leap year or not. The year starts on 29 August in the Julian Calendar or on ...

See also:

Coptic calendar, Coptic calendar - The Coptic year, Coptic calendar - The date of Christmas, Coptic calendar - The date of Easter, Coptic calendar - Coptic months

Read more here: » Coptic calendar: Encyclopedia II - Coptic calendar - The Coptic year

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