Lavon Affair

Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intif ...

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Knesset, Knesset - History nature and composition, Knesset - Party standings, Knesset - Knesset location and building, Knesset - The Knesset Assemblies, Knesset - Composition of the 1st Knesset Assembly elected 1949, Knesset - Composition of the 2nd Knesset Assembly elected 1951, Knesset - Composition of the 3rd Knesset Assembly elected 1955, Knesset - Composition of the 4th Knesset Assembly elected 1959, Knesset - Composition of the 5th Knesset Assembly elected 1961, Knesset - Composition of the 6th Knesset Assembly elected 1965, Knesset - Composition of the 7th Knesset Assembly elected 1969, Knesset - Composition of the 8th Knesset Assembly elected 1973, Knesset - Composition of the 9th Knesset Assembly elected 1977, Knesset - Composition of the 10th Knesset Assembly elected 1981, Knesset - Composition of the 11th Knesset Assembly elected 1984, Knesset - Composition of the 12th Knesset Assembly elected 1988, Knesset - Composition of the 13th Knesset Assembly elected 1992, Knesset - Composition of the 14th Knesset Assembly elected 1996, Knesset - Composition of the 15th Knesset Assembly elected 1999, Knesset - Composition of the 16th Knesset Assembly elected 2003, Knesset - Composition of the 17th Knesset Assembly elected 2006

Read more here: » Knesset: Encyclopedia II - Knesset - History nature and composition

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

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Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

At its founding, the State of Israel adopted a British-inspired parliamentary system, with a Prime Minister as the most powerful political leader of the government and a largely ceremonial President of Israel as head of state. According to the original Basic Law, following elections to the Knesset, the President assigns the task of forming a Government to a member of Knesset (conventionally the leader of the party that has won a plurality of Knesset seats), and this individual becomes Prime Minister after having successfully formed a Governm ...

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Prime Minister of Israel, Prime Minister of Israel - Historical background, Prime Minister of Israel - Order of Succession, Prime Minister of Israel - Officeholders, Prime Minister of Israel - Footnotes

Read more here: » Prime Minister of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Prime Minister of Israel - Historical background

Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intifada · Oslo  ...

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Israeli Air Force, Israeli Air Force - History, Israeli Air Force - Early years 1948-1957, Israeli Air Force - The Six-Day War, Israeli Air Force - The War of Attrition, Israeli Air Force - Yom Kippur War, Israeli Air Force - Growth 1973 - 1982, Israeli Air Force - Operation Peace for Galilee, Israeli Air Force - High Tech age 1990 and beyond, Israeli Air Force - Markings, Israeli Air Force - Records and highlights

Read more here: » Israeli Air Force: Encyclopedia II - Israeli Air Force - History

The President is elected by an absolute majority by the Knesset (the Israeli parliament). As of the third round of voting, if no candidate receives an absolute majority, a simple majority is enough. A president's full term is seven years. A president cannot be re-elected to a second term. Until recently, the president was elected for a five-year term, and was allowed to serve up to two terms in office. Any Israeli citizen who is a resident of the State is eligible to be a presidential candidate. The office falls vacant upon resignatio ...

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President of Israel, President of Israel - Election, President of Israel - Presidential powers and roles, President of Israel - List of Israeli Presidents

Read more here: » President of Israel: Encyclopedia II - President of Israel - Election

The selection of authors mentioned here is according to the articles under References below. Quoted text is from the 2003 article except where indicated otherwise. The first Modern Hebrew prose in the Land of Israel was written by "immigrant authors", for example: Yosef Haim Brenner "saw flaws everywhere"; "favored the rabbinical and medieval forms of spoken Hebrew". Lived 1881-1921. Shmuel Yosef Agnon addressed "major contemporary spiritual concerns"; loss of tradition, faith, and identity; "inner uncertainties"; trag ...

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Israeli literature, Israeli literature - History, Israeli literature - The 1940s and 1950s, Israeli literature - The 1960s, Israeli literature - The 1980s and 1990s, Israeli literature - About the Holocaust, Israeli literature - New themes, Israeli literature - Women authors, Israeli literature - Detective fiction, Israeli literature - The younger generation, Israeli literature - Late 1990s, Israeli literature - Authors of children's books

Read more here: » Israeli literature: Encyclopedia II - Israeli literature - History

The flag of the State of Israel is simply showing a Star of David on a tallit, the traditional Jewish prayer shawl. The Israelites used an indigo colored dye called tekhelet; this dye is now believed to have been made from the snail murex trunculus. This dye was very important in both Jewish and non-Jewish cultures of this time, and was used by royalty and the upper class in dyeing their clothing, sheet ...

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Flag of Israel, Flag of Israel - Origin of the flag, Flag of Israel - Claims of Nile to Euphrates territorial ambitions, Flag of Israel - Proposals to change the flag, Flag of Israel - External link

Read more here: » Flag of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Flag of Israel - Origin of the flag

Arab Israelis are citizens of Israel with equal political rights. In 1948, Israel's Declaration of Independence called upon the Arab inhabitants of Israel to "participate in the upbuilding of the State on the basis of full and equal citizenship and due representation in all its provisional and permanent institutions". The political involvement of the Arab sector is manifested in both national and municipal elections. There are several Arab political parties, in addition to the left-wing Hadash party which receives most of its electora ...

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Israeli Arab, Israeli Arab - Introduction, Israeli Arab - Demographics and Subdivisions, Israeli Arab - Population growth, Israeli Arab - Muslim Israeli Arabs, Israeli Arab - Christian Israeli Arabs, Israeli Arab - Bedouins, Israeli Arab - Druze, Israeli Arab - Location/geography, Israeli Arab - Health, Israeli Arab - Education, Israeli Arab - Legal and Political Status, Israeli Arab - Political development, Israeli Arab - Recent developments, Israeli Arab - Work and Economic situation, Israeli Arab - Economic development of the Israeli Arab community, Israeli Arab - Pluralism and Sectoral Identity, Israeli Arab - Discrimination, Israeli Arab - Initial measures taken by the Israeli government, Israeli Arab - Modifications to Citizenship and Entry law, Israeli Arab - Participation in acts of terror against Israeli citizens, Israeli Arab - Trivia, Israeli Arab - Footnotes, Israeli Arab - Bibliography

Read more here: » Israeli Arab: Encyclopedia II - Israeli Arab - Legal and Political Status

The ISF are viewed by most experts as one of the best in their fields, especially in counter-terrorism. Many of the world's security experts, as well as inventors of security technology, are Israelis who trained and served many years in the ISF. The ISF works within tight budgets and is known for creativity and innovation in resolving difficult situations. Some Israeli SF units such as Sayeret Matkal, Shayetet 13 (naval commando) and the YAMAM are considered to be among the best special forces units in the ...

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Israeli Security Forces, Israeli Security Forces - Combat security organizations, Israeli Security Forces - Non-combat security organizations, Israeli Security Forces - General Remarks, Israeli Security Forces - External link

Read more here: » Israeli Security Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israeli Security Forces - General Remarks

The Israeli peace camp is highly criticized for lacking realism given the absence of a corresponding movement on the Arab side of the conflict. It is also accused for being forgiving toward Palestinian terrorism and not being able to stand up for the rights of the Israelis and the vital interests of Israel. The Israeli peace camp has poor standings in the Israeli public, as regular surveys by the Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research show (for example: May 2004). The Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research is watching over the Israeli public opinion toward the peace pr ...

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Israeli peace camp, Israeli peace camp - Political movements but not parties, Israeli peace camp - Non-political organizations, Israeli peace camp - Political parties, Israeli peace camp - Political power in the Knesset, Israeli peace camp - Criticism, Israeli peace camp - Ideological right wing, Israeli peace camp - Political center and pragmatists, Israeli peace camp - Zionist left wing, Israeli peace camp - Far left, Israeli peace camp - People, Israeli peace camp - Political leaders, Israeli peace camp - Leaders of organizations, Israeli peace camp - Politicly affiliated peace activists, Israeli peace camp - Peace activists without political affiliation, Israeli peace camp - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Israeli peace camp: Encyclopedia II - Israeli peace camp - Criticism

"Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel Jerusalem, Capital of Israel: 1. Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel. Seat of the President, the Knesset, the Government and the Supreme Court: 2. Jerusalem is the seat of the President of the State, the Knesset, the Government and the Supreme Court. Protection of Holy Places: 3. The Holy Places shall be protected from desecration and any other violation and from anything likely to violate the freedom of access of the members of the different religions to the places sacred to ...

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Jerusalem Law, Jerusalem Law - Text of the Law, Jerusalem Law - External link

Read more here: » Jerusalem Law: Encyclopedia II - Jerusalem Law - Text of the Law

Most citizens in the State of Israel are Jewish, and most Israeli Jews practice Judaism in some form. While Judaism has always affirmed a collection of Jewish Principles of Faith, it has never developed a fully binding catechism. While individual rabbis, or sometimes entire groups, at times agreed upon a firm dogma, other rabbis and groups disagreed. With no central agreed-upon authority, no one formulation of Jewish principles of faith could take precedence over any other. Judaism's core belief, however, firmly remains a binding principle agreed upon by Jews of all back ...

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Religion in Israel, Religion in Israel - Religious breakdown, Religion in Israel - Religion and citizenship, Religion in Israel - Judaism in Israel, Religion in Israel - The secular-traditional spectrum, Religion in Israel - The Orthodox spectrum, Religion in Israel - The secular-religious Status Quo, Religion in Israel - Role of the Chief Rabbinate, Religion in Israel - Jerusalem Jews and Judaism, Religion in Israel - Islam in Israel, Religion in Israel - Jerusalem and Islam, Religion in Israel - Christianity in Israel, Religion in Israel - Jerusalem and Christianity, Religion in Israel - Religious tensions, Religion in Israel - Marriage and religious authority

Read more here: » Religion in Israel: Encyclopedia II - Religion in Israel - Judaism in Israel

Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1st Intifada · Oslo · 2nd I ...

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ZAKA, ZAKA - Early history, ZAKA - Growing public recognition, ZAKA - Recent history

Read more here: » ZAKA: Encyclopedia II - ZAKA - Early history

Israel Aircraft Industries - Civilian Air systems. Arava - medium sized STOL transport aircraft Westwind business jet Astra/Galaxy business jets (now produced for Gulfstream Aerospace as the G100/G200) Israel Aircraft Industries - Military air systems. Lavi - an Israeli fighter jet, abandoned due lack of budget Kfir - fighter jet, derivative of the French Mirage 5 UAV - unmanned aerial drones Pioneer (with the USA) ...

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Israel Aircraft Industries, Israel Aircraft Industries - Products, Israel Aircraft Industries - Civilian Air systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Military air systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Ground systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Naval systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Aerospace systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - External link

Read more here: » Israel Aircraft Industries: Encyclopedia II - Israel Aircraft Industries - Products

Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Madrid and Oslo 1991-93. Main articles: Madrid Conference of 1991 and Oslo Accords. In 1991, just after the First Gulf War, a breakthrough occurred when US president George H.W. Bush called a conference in Madrid, Spain, dubbed the Madrid Peace Conference of 1991. Talks continued in Washington, DC, but with few results, and were replaced by a series of clandestine meetings between Israeli and Palestinian negotiators hosted by Norway. T ...

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Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Palestinian views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Israeli views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - American views of the peace process, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Obstacles arising on both sides, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Attempts to make peace, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Madrid and Oslo 1991-93, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Camp David 2000 Summit, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Beirut summit, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - The Road Map for peace, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Alternative peace proposals, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - List of peace proposals, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Other peace projects, Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Encyclopedia II - Peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - Attempts to make peace

Politics of Israel - Knesset. Main articles: Knesset, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:

Politics of Israel, Politics of Israel - Legislative branch, Politics of Israel - Knesset, Politics of Israel - Electoral system, Politics of Israel - Israeli judicial system, Politics of Israel - Secular courts, Politics of Israel - Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Non-Jewish religious courts, Politics of Israel - Political conditions, Politics of Israel - Recent Prime Ministers and governments, Politics of Israel - Begin 1977-1983 and Shamir 1983-1984, Politics of Israel - Peres 1984-1986 and Shamir 1986-1990, Politics of Israel - Shamir 1990-1992, Politics of Israel - Rabin 1992-1995, Politics of Israel - Peres 1995-1996, Politics of Israel - Netanyahu 1996-1999, Politics of Israel - Barak 1999-2001, Politics of Israel - Sharon 2001- present, Politics of Israel - Other political groups, Politics of Israel - Political right, Politics of Israel - Political left, Politics of Israel - Interest groups, Politics of Israel - Others, Politics of Israel - Political issues, Politics of Israel - International organization participation, Politics of Israel - Districts, Politics of Israel - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Politics of Israel: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Israel - Legislative branch

Both the League of Nations's 1922 Mandate for Palestine and the 1947 UN Partition Plan supported the aim of Zionism: the establishment of the Jewish national homeland in the Land of Israel. The UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (November 29, 1947), which served as the foundation for the Israeli Declaration of Independence, was passed by the General Assembly with 33 votes in favor, 13 against, and 10 absentions. It was the first and only time the United Nations has recomme ...

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Israel and the United Nations, Israel and the United Nations - History, Israel and the United Nations - Soviet influence, Israel and the United Nations - Current situation, Israel and the United Nations - Footnotes

Read more here: » Israel and the United Nations: Encyclopedia II - Israel and the United Nations - History

One railway line goes North along the coast reaching Haifa, the Krayot, and Nahariya. One goes South to Be'er Sheva with a new spur from the Be'er Sheva Tzafon (North) Station to Dimona which opened on December 17, 2005. There are future plans to extend Be’er Sheva-Dimona line to the Red Sea port of Eilat. Another line goes South to Ashkelon with a spur to Rishon LeTzion. The line was extended from Ashdod to Ashkelon in April 2005. Another line goes East to Kfar Saba. The line to Jerusalem which opened in 1892, saw its operations suspended ...

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Israel Railways, Israel Railways - Lines, Israel Railways - Expansion Plans, Israel Railways - Passenger Traffic, Israel Railways - Proposed Rail Lines to the PA, Israel Railways - Old Railway Links to Other Countries

Read more here: » Israel Railways: Encyclopedia II - Israel Railways - Lines

Following Anwar Sadat's visit to Israel in 1978, 348 Israeli military reserves officers petitioned Israel's prime minister, Menachem Begin, urging him to continue with the drive for peace. This petition lead to the creation of Peace Now, a grassroots movement dedicated to raising public support for the peace process. At a rally held in Tel-Aviv's Kikar Malkhei Israel (later renamed Kikar Rabin after Yitzhak Rabin), demonstrators called on prime minister Begin to make peace with Egypt, in exchange f ...

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Peace Now, Peace Now - History, Peace Now - Criticism, Peace Now - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Peace Now: Encyclopedia II - Peace Now - History

In 1968, a group of future Gush Emunim members led by Rabbi Moshe Levinger began a squat in the middle of the West Bank town of Hebron. This squat, illegal under both international and Israeli law, was initially opposed by the Israeli government. However, it was eventually transformed into the settlement Kiryat Arba on the outskirts of Hebron. In 1974, following the shock of the Yom Kippur War, the organization was founded more formally, by students of the younger Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook, who remai ...

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Gush Emunim, Gush Emunim - Political affiliations, Gush Emunim - History, Gush Emunim - Ideology

Read more here: » Gush Emunim: Encyclopedia II - Gush Emunim - History

In essence, the accords call for withdrawal of Israeli forces from parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank and affirm the Palestinian right to self-government within those areas through the creation of the Palestinian Authority. Palestinian rule would last for a five year interim period during which a permanent agreement would be negotiated (beginning not later than May 1996). Permanent issues such as Jerusalem, refugees, Israeli settlements in the area, security and borders were deliberately excluded from the Accords and left to be decided ...

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Oslo Accords, Oslo Accords - Background, Oslo Accords - Principles of the Accords, Oslo Accords - Annexes of the accords, Oslo Accords - Agreed minutes of the accords, Oslo Accords - The acceptance of the accords by the two peoples, Oslo Accords - Subsequent negotiations, Oslo Accords - Oslo 2, Oslo Accords - Additional agreements, Oslo Accords - Fate of the accords, Oslo Accords - Loss of credibility, Oslo Accords - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties, Oslo Accords - Issues, Oslo Accords - People

Read more here: » Oslo Accords: Encyclopedia II - Oslo Accords - Principles of the Accords

Hashomer Hatzair came into being as a result of the merger of two groups, Hashomer ("The Guard") a Zionist scouting group, and Ze'irei Zion ("The Youth of Zion") which was an ideological circle that studied Zionism, left wing socialism and Jewish history. Hashomer Hatzair is the oldest Zionist youth movement still in existence. Initially Marxist-Zionist, the movement was influenced by the ideas of Ber Borochov and Gustav Wyneken as well as Baden-Powell and the German Wandervogel movement. Hashomer Hatzair believed that the libe ...

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Hashomer Hatzair, Hashomer Hatzair - Early formation, Hashomer Hatzair - Growth and the Holocaust, Hashomer Hatzair - Hashomer Hatzair Today, Hashomer Hatzair - Australia, Hashomer Hatzair - USA and Canada, Hashomer Hatzair - Israel

Read more here: » Hashomer Hatzair: Encyclopedia II - Hashomer Hatzair - Early formation