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language acquisition | A Wisdom Archive on language acquisition | | language acquisition A selection of articles related to language acquisition | |
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language acquisition
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO language acquisition | | | |  language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Nature versus nurture - Moral difficulties: eugenics etc..Some observers believe that modern science tends to give too much weight to the nature side of the argument, in part because of social consciousness. Historically, much of this debate has had undertones of racist, and eugenicist policies – the notion of race as a scientific truth has often been assumed as a prerequisite in various incarnations of the nature versus nurture debate. In the past, heredity was often used as "scientific" justification for various forms of discrimination and oppression along racial and class lines. Works publishe ...
See also:Nature versus nurture, Nature versus nurture - Definitions of nature and nurture, Nature versus nurture - Uncomplicated cases, Nature versus nurture - How to compare the effects of nature and nurture and why this is difficult, Nature versus nurture - Moral difficulties: eugenics etc.., Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: are the traits real?, Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: Biological determinism, Nature versus nurture - Myths and mysteries, Nature versus nurture - Misc Read more here: » Nature versus nurture: Encyclopedia II - Nature versus nurture - Moral difficulties: eugenics etc.. |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: are the traits real? It is sometimes a question whether the "trait" being measured is even a real thing. Much energy has been devoted to calculating the heritability of intelligence (usually the I.Q., or intelligence quotient), but there is still some disagreement as to what exactly 'intelligence' is.
Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: Biological determinism.
If genes do contribute substantially to the development of personal characteristics such as intelligence and personality, then many wonder if this implie ...
See also:Nature versus nurture, Nature versus nurture - Definitions of nature and nurture, Nature versus nurture - Uncomplicated cases, Nature versus nurture - How to compare the effects of nature and nurture and why this is difficult, Nature versus nurture - Moral difficulties: eugenics etc.., Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: are the traits real?, Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: Biological determinism, Nature versus nurture - Myths and mysteries, Nature versus nurture - Misc Read more here: » Nature versus nurture: Encyclopedia II - Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: are the traits real? |
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| | | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Nature versus nurture - Uncomplicated cases In a few clear-cut cases, it makes sense to say that a trait is due almost entirely to nature, or almost entirely to nurture. In the case of most diseases now strictly identified as genetic, such as Huntington's disease, there is a better than 99.9% correlation between having the identified gene and the disease and a similar correlation for not having either. On the other hand, such traits as one's native language are entirely environmentally determined: linguists have found that any child (if capable of learning a language at all) can learn ...
See also:Nature versus nurture, Nature versus nurture - Definitions of nature and nurture, Nature versus nurture - Uncomplicated cases, Nature versus nurture - How to compare the effects of nature and nurture and why this is difficult, Nature versus nurture - Moral difficulties: eugenics etc.., Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: are the traits real?, Nature versus nurture - Philosophical difficulties: Biological determinism, Nature versus nurture - Myths and mysteries, Nature versus nurture - Misc Read more here: » Nature versus nurture: Encyclopedia II - Nature versus nurture - Uncomplicated cases |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Suzuki method - Philosophy The central belief of Dr. Suzuki, based on the evidence of universal language acquisition, is that all children can (and will) learn from their environment. Thus, the essential components of the method spring from the desire to create the "right environment" for learning music. These components include:
Saturation in the musical community, including attendance at local concerts, exposure to and friendship with other music students, and listening to music in the home every day (starting before birth if possible).
Emphasi ...
See also:Suzuki method, Suzuki method - Philosophy, Suzuki method - Criticism & Response, Suzuki method - Repertoire, Suzuki method - Historical Notes Read more here: » Suzuki method: Encyclopedia II - Suzuki method - Philosophy |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - International English - Varying concepts
International English - Universality and flexibility.
International English sometimes refers to English as it is actually being used and developed in the world; as a language owned not just by native speakers, but by all those who come to use it.
Basically, it covers the English language at large, often (but not always or necessarily) implicitly seen as standard. It is certainly also commonly used in connection with the acquisition, use, and study of English as the world's lingua franca ('TEIL: Teaching En ...
See also:International English, International English - Historical context, International English - Modern global language, International English - Varying concepts, International English - Universality and flexibility, International English - Neutrality, International English - Opposition, International English - Appropriation theory, International English - Many Englishes, International English - Dual standard, International English - Non-U.S. English, International English - International organisations, International English - British English with -ize spellings, International English - British English with -ise spellings, International English - American English Read more here: » International English: Encyclopedia II - International English - Varying concepts |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Champa - History Champa was established by the rebellion of a local official named Kiu-lien against the Chinese authority in 192 in the region of present-day Hue. Champa included thereafter the modern provinces of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, and Binh Thuan. Initially closely tied to Chinese cultural and religious traditions, wars with neighboring Funan and the acquisition of Funanese territory in the fourth century saw the infusion of Indian culture into Cham society.
The Cham language is part of the Austronesian family. Cham communities exist in contempora ...
See also:Champa, Champa - Prehistory, Champa - History, Champa - The dynasties of Champa, Champa - External References Read more here: » Champa: Encyclopedia II - Champa - History |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - Culture The Ferengi originate from the planet Ferenginar, in the center of the Ferengi Alliance located in the Alpha Quadrant. Precisely what the Ferengi Alliance consisted of was never revealed; it may simply encompass Ferenginar and any uninhabited planets that the Ferengi have colonized, since there was little indication that the Ferengi government exercised authority over any species other than its own.
Ferengi culture is based entirely on commerce, and the 285 Rules of Acquisition comprise the sacred code on which all of Ferengi society ...
See also:Ferengi, Ferengi - On Star Trek, Ferengi - Physiology, Ferengi - Culture, Ferengi - Language, Ferengi - History, Ferengi - Leadership, Ferengi - Other notable Ferengi, Ferengi - Ferenginar, Ferengi - Trivia, Ferengi - Redeeming qualities, Ferengi - Reference Read more here: » Ferengi: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - Culture |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - History According to legend, in ancient times the Ferengi and the Gree vied for control of their planet.
Before uniting under a Nagus, Ferenginar was divided into warring Commerce Zones. This was known as the "Barter Age."
In about the 9th Millennium B.C.E. Gint started writing the Rules of Acquisition laying the basis for Ferengi society.
In 1947, a Ferengi craft from the 2370s (carrying Quark, Rom, Nog and Odo) crashed in Roswell, New Mexico. This was humanity's first contact with the Ferengi, although "officially" the record showed that the crashed alien s ...
See also:Ferengi, Ferengi - On Star Trek, Ferengi - Physiology, Ferengi - Culture, Ferengi - Language, Ferengi - History, Ferengi - Leadership, Ferengi - Other notable Ferengi, Ferengi - Ferenginar, Ferengi - Trivia, Ferengi - Redeeming qualities, Ferengi - Reference Read more here: » Ferengi: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - History |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - Culture The Ferengi originate from the planet Ferenginar, in the center of the Ferengi Alliance located in the Alpha Quadrant. Precisely what the Ferengi Alliance consisted of was never revealed; it may simply encompass Ferenginar and any uninhabited planets that the Ferengi have colonized, since there was little indication that the Ferengi government exercised authority over any species other than its own.
Ferengi culture is based entirely on commerce, and the 285 Rules of Acquisition comprise the sacred code on which all of Ferengi society ...
See also:Ferengi, Ferengi - On Star Trek, Ferengi - Physiology, Ferengi - Culture, Ferengi - Language, Ferengi - Ferengi Alliance, Ferengi - History, Ferengi - Leadership, Ferengi - Other notable Ferengi, Ferengi - Ferenginar, Ferengi - Trivia, Ferengi - Redeeming qualities, Ferengi - Reference Read more here: » Ferengi: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - Culture |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - History According to legend, in ancient times the Ferengi and the Gree vied for control of their planet.
Before uniting under a Nagus, Ferenginar was divided into warring Commerce Zones. This was known as the "Barter Age."
In about the 9th Millennium B.C. Gint started writing the Rules of Acquisition laying the basis for Ferengi society.
In 1947, a Ferengi craft from the 2370s (carrying Quark, Rom, Nog and Odo) crashed in Roswell, New Mexico. This was humanity's first contact with the Ferengi, although "officially" the record showed that the crashed alien s ...
See also:Ferengi, Ferengi - On Star Trek, Ferengi - Physiology, Ferengi - Culture, Ferengi - Language, Ferengi - Ferengi Alliance, Ferengi - History, Ferengi - Leadership, Ferengi - Other notable Ferengi, Ferengi - Ferenginar, Ferengi - Trivia, Ferengi - Redeeming qualities, Ferengi - Reference Read more here: » Ferengi: Encyclopedia II - Ferengi - History |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Scanian linguistics - History Before the 18th century, Scanian can be characterized as a dialect of Danish. After the Swedish acquisition of the Danish districts Skåne, Blekinge, and Halland (collectively known as Skåneland) in 1658, a process of Swedification took place, including a switch of language used in churches. A similar change occurred within other newly acquired provinces along the west coast and along the border with Norway. Bornholm was once part of Skåneland, but it was lost by Sweden in 1659. The dialect remained there as a functioning transitional stag ...
See also:Scanian linguistics, Scanian linguistics - History, Scanian linguistics - Modern history, Scanian linguistics - Today, Scanian linguistics - Sounds, Scanian linguistics - Vocabulary, Scanian linguistics - Notes Read more here: » Scanian linguistics: Encyclopedia II - Scanian linguistics - History |
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| | | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Forest Preserve New York - Land classifications within the Forest Preserve Ecological and environmental awareness grew in the later years of the 20th century. Recreational use of the Forest Preserve began to rise to new levels, and newer methods of outdoor recreation became popular. These two factors led to a widespread realization that it was no long enough to simply rely on the language of Article 14 and the state's Conservation Law (as it was called at the time) and the court decisions and administrative opinions that relied on them.
The Conservation Department became DEC in 1970. One of its new tasks was ...
See also:Forest Preserve New York, Forest Preserve New York - Origins, Forest Preserve New York - Adirondacks, Forest Preserve New York - Catskills, Forest Preserve New York - Article 14, Forest Preserve New York - Acquisition of new Forest Preserve land, Forest Preserve New York - Blue Line, Forest Preserve New York - Methods of land acquisition, Forest Preserve New York - Land classifications within the Forest Preserve, Forest Preserve New York - Wilderness, Forest Preserve New York - Wild Forest, Forest Preserve New York - Intensive Use, Forest Preserve New York - Administrative Use, Forest Preserve New York - Land classifications specific to the Adirondack Park, Forest Preserve New York - Forest Preserve lands outside the parks, Forest Preserve New York - Controversies, Forest Preserve New York - Adirondack Park Agency, Forest Preserve New York - Fire towers, Forest Preserve New York - Canisters, Forest Preserve New York - Reference Read more here: » Forest Preserve New York: Encyclopedia II - Forest Preserve New York - Land classifications within the Forest Preserve |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Hearing impairment - Social impact
Hearing impairment - Pre-lingual Impairment.
In children, hearing loss can lead to social isolation for several reasons. First, the child experiences delayed social development that is in large part tied to delayed language acquisition. It is also directly tied to their inability to pick up auditory social cues. This can result in a deaf person becoming generally irritable. A child who uses sign language, or identifies with the deaf sub-culture does not generally experience this isolation, particularly if he atte ...
See also:Hearing impairment, Hearing impairment - Causes, Hearing impairment - Genetic, Hearing impairment - Disease or illness, Hearing impairment - Medications, Hearing impairment - Physical trauma, Hearing impairment - Categories of hearing impairment, Hearing impairment - Types, Hearing impairment - Quantification of hearing loss, Hearing impairment - Pre- or postlingual, Hearing impairment - Hard-of-hearing, Hearing impairment - Unilateral hearing loss, Hearing impairment - Social impact, Hearing impairment - Pre-lingual Impairment, Hearing impairment - Post-Lingual Impairment, Hearing impairment - Medical treatments, Hearing impairment - Approaches, Hearing impairment - Views of treatments, Hearing impairment - Adaptations to hearing impairment, Hearing impairment - Resources, Hearing impairment - How to communicate, Hearing impairment - Quotations Read more here: » Hearing impairment: Encyclopedia II - Hearing impairment - Social impact |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Comanche - Comanche History
Comanche - Formation.
The Comanches emerged as a distinct group shortly before 1700, when they broke off from the Shoshone people living along the upper Platte River in Wyoming. This coincided with their acquisition of the horse, which allowed them greater mobility in their search for better hunting grounds.
Their original migration took them to central plains, from where they moved southward into a sweep of territory extending from the Arkansas River to central Texas. During that time, their population in ...
See also:Comanche, Comanche - Comanche History, Comanche - Formation, Comanche - Conflicts, Comanche - Relationship with settlers, Comanche - Modern times, Comanche - Culture, Comanche - Social Order, Comanche - Childbirth, Comanche - Raising Children, Comanche - Coming of Age, Comanche - Marriage, Comanche - Death, Comanche - Transportation, Comanche - Food, Comanche - Habitation, Comanche - Clothing, Comanche - Hair and headgear, Comanche - Body Decoration, Comanche - Arts and Crafts, Comanche - Language, Comanche - Bibliography Read more here: » Comanche: Encyclopedia II - Comanche - Comanche History |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Hearing impairment - Medical treatments
Hearing impairment - Approaches.
In addition to hearing aids there exist cochlear implants of increasing complexity and effectiveness. These are useful in treating the mild to profound hearing impairment when the onset follows the acquisitions of language and in some cases in children whose hearing loss came before language was acquired. Recent research shows variations in effacacy but some promising studies[7] show that if implanted at a very young age, some profoundly impaired children can acquire effective hearing and speech.
< ...
See also:Hearing impairment, Hearing impairment - Causes, Hearing impairment - Genetic, Hearing impairment - Disease or illness, Hearing impairment - Medications, Hearing impairment - Physical trauma, Hearing impairment - Categories of hearing impairment, Hearing impairment - Types, Hearing impairment - Quantification of hearing loss, Hearing impairment - Pre- or postlingual, Hearing impairment - Hard-of-hearing, Hearing impairment - Unilateral hearing loss, Hearing impairment - Social impact, Hearing impairment - Pre-lingual Impairment, Hearing impairment - Post-Lingual Impairment, Hearing impairment - Medical treatments, Hearing impairment - Approaches, Hearing impairment - Views of treatments, Hearing impairment - Adaptations to hearing impairment, Hearing impairment - Resources, Hearing impairment - How to communicate, Hearing impairment - Quotations Read more here: » Hearing impairment: Encyclopedia II - Hearing impairment - Medical treatments |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Studio 23 - History at a glance Mid-1990's, after a meeting of ABS-CBN top execs in the United States to form a channel, servicing an upscale market that ABS-CBN no longer servicing. Then ABS-CBN COO and President Freddie Garcia, the prime mover behind the project, conceptualized an English language UHF station - Studio 23.
In 1995, Studio 23 came into actualization with the group of television pioneers composed of Leo Katigbak (Programming), Jojo Estacio (Programming and Acquisitions), Kai Rodriguez (Finance and Administrative), and Edson Aguiflor and Allan Coronel ...
See also:Studio 23, Studio 23 - History at a glance, Studio 23 - Studio 23 Today, Studio 23 - Studio 23's 9th Anniversary Celebration, Studio 23 - Slogans, Studio 23 - Audience Share, Studio 23 - Programming, Studio 23 - News and Current Affairs:, Studio 23 - General, Studio 23 - MYX, Studio 23 - Reality TV, Studio 23 - Sports, Studio 23 - Sports Specials 2005, Studio 23 - Canned, Studio 23 - External link Read more here: » Studio 23: Encyclopedia II - Studio 23 - History at a glance |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Pronunciation of English th - Acquisition problems Children generally learn the less marked phonemes of their native language before the more marked ones. In the case of English-speaking children, /θ/ and /ð/ are often among the last phonemes to be learned, frequently not being mastered before the age of five. Prior to this age, many children substitute the sounds [f] and [v] respectively. As British and American children begin school at five, this means that many are learning to read and write before they have sorted out these sounds, and the infantile pronunciation is frequently reflected in their spelling errors: ve fing for the thing. For small ...
See also:Pronunciation of English th, Pronunciation of English th - Distribution in Old English, Pronunciation of English th - Development up to Modern English, Pronunciation of English th - Distribution in Modern English, Pronunciation of English th - Regional differences in distribution, Pronunciation of English th - Phonetic realisation, Pronunciation of English th - Realisation in non-standard Englishes, Pronunciation of English th - Acquisition problems, Pronunciation of English th - A note on the spelling Read more here: » Pronunciation of English th: Encyclopedia II - Pronunciation of English th - Acquisition problems |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Pronunciation of English th - Distribution in Old English In Germanic, /ð/ and /θ/ were separate phonemes; in Old English the original /ð/ became /d/, but a new [ð] appeared as an allophone of /θ/. In Old English, the phoneme /θ/, like all fricative phonemes in the language, had two allophones, one voiced and one voiceless, which were distributed regularly according to phonetic environment.
[ð] (like [v] and [z]) was used between two voiced sounds (either vowels or voiced consonants).
[θ] (like [f] and [s]) was spoken in initial and final po ...
See also:Pronunciation of English th, Pronunciation of English th - Distribution in Old English, Pronunciation of English th - Development up to Modern English, Pronunciation of English th - Distribution in Modern English, Pronunciation of English th - Regional differences in distribution, Pronunciation of English th - Phonetic realisation, Pronunciation of English th - Realisation in non-standard Englishes, Pronunciation of English th - Acquisition problems, Pronunciation of English th - A note on the spelling Read more here: » Pronunciation of English th: Encyclopedia II - Pronunciation of English th - Distribution in Old English |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Noam Chomsky - Biography Chomsky was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Hebrew scholar William Chomsky, who was from a town in Ukraine later wiped out by the Nazis. His mother, Elsie Chomsky (born Simonofsky), came from what is now called Belarus, but unlike her husband she grew up in America and normally spoke "ordinary New York English". Their first language was Yiddish, but Chomsky says it was "taboo" in his family to speak it. He describes his family as living in a sort of "Jewish ghetto", split into a "Yiddish side" and "Hebrew side", with his family aligning with the latter and bringing him up "i ...
See also:Noam Chomsky, Noam Chomsky - Biography, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky's name, Noam Chomsky - Contributions to linguistics, Noam Chomsky - Generative grammar, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky hierarchy, Noam Chomsky - Contributions to psychology, Noam Chomsky - Opinion on criticism of science culture, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky's influence in other fields, Noam Chomsky - Political views, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky on terrorism, Noam Chomsky - Criticism of United States government, Noam Chomsky - Views on globalization, Noam Chomsky - Views on socialism, Noam Chomsky - Mass media analysis, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky and the Middle East, Noam Chomsky - Criticism of intellectual communities, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky's influence as a political activist, Noam Chomsky - Opposition to the Vietnam War, Noam Chomsky - Alleged marginalization in the mainstream media, Noam Chomsky - Worldwide audience, Noam Chomsky - Criticisms, Noam Chomsky - Academic Achievements Awards and Honors, Noam Chomsky - Bibliography, Noam Chomsky - Linguistics, Noam Chomsky - Political works, Noam Chomsky - About Chomsky, Noam Chomsky - Filmography, Noam Chomsky - Political contemporaries Read more here: » Noam Chomsky: Encyclopedia II - Noam Chomsky - Biography |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Noam Chomsky - Contributions to linguistics Syntactic Structures was a distillation of his book Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory (1955, 75) in which he introduces transformational grammars. The theory takes utterances (sequences of words) to have a syntax which can be (largely) characterised by a formal grammar; in particular, a Context-free grammar extended with transformational rules. Children are hypothesised to have an innate knowledge of the basic grammatical structure common to all human languages (i.e. they assume that any language which they encounter is of ...
See also:Noam Chomsky, Noam Chomsky - Biography, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky's name, Noam Chomsky - Contributions to linguistics, Noam Chomsky - Generative grammar, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky hierarchy, Noam Chomsky - Contributions to psychology, Noam Chomsky - Opinion on criticism of science culture, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky's influence in other fields, Noam Chomsky - Political views, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky on terrorism, Noam Chomsky - Criticism of United States government, Noam Chomsky - Views on globalization, Noam Chomsky - Views on socialism, Noam Chomsky - Mass media analysis, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky and the Middle East, Noam Chomsky - Criticism of intellectual communities, Noam Chomsky - Chomsky's influence as a political activist, Noam Chomsky - Opposition to the Vietnam War, Noam Chomsky - Alleged marginalization in the mainstream media, Noam Chomsky - Worldwide audience, Noam Chomsky - Criticisms, Noam Chomsky - Academic Achievements Awards and Honors, Noam Chomsky - Bibliography, Noam Chomsky - Linguistics, Noam Chomsky - Political works, Noam Chomsky - About Chomsky, Noam Chomsky - Filmography, Noam Chomsky - Political contemporaries Read more here: » Noam Chomsky: Encyclopedia II - Noam Chomsky - Contributions to linguistics |
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