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language acquisition | A Wisdom Archive on language acquisition | | language acquisition A selection of articles related to language acquisition | |
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language acquisition
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO language acquisition | | | | |  language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Understanding SLAThe systematic modelling of SLA is concerned with the question: What are the most important overall factors in language acquisition? Models of SLA have played an important role in laying out directions for future research, and also for informing practice in language teaching.
Different models of SLA have focused on different aspects of SLA and general linguistic research. For example, Schumann's Acculturation Model, which viewed second language acquisition as just one part of adapting to a new culture, emphasized findings relat ...
See also:Second language acquisition, Second language acquisition - Describing learner language, Second language acquisition - Error analysis, Second language acquisition - Interlanguage, Second language acquisition - Developmental patterns, Second language acquisition - Variability, Second language acquisition - Learner-external factors, Second language acquisition - Social effects, Second language acquisition - Input and intake, Second language acquisition - Interaction, Second language acquisition - Pedagogical effects, Second language acquisition - Learner-internal factors, Second language acquisition - Summary of Critical Period Research to date, Second language acquisition - Other Directions of Research, Second language acquisition - Cognitive approaches, Second language acquisition - Language transfer, Second language acquisition - Linguistic universals, Second language acquisition - Individual variation, Second language acquisition - Language aptitude, Second language acquisition - Age, Second language acquisition - Strategy use, Second language acquisition - Affective factors, Second language acquisition - Understanding SLA, Second language acquisition - Concepts of ability, Second language acquisition - References and further reading Read more here: » Second language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Understanding SLA |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Learner-external factors The study of learner-external factors in SLA is primarily concerned with the question: How do learners get information about the target language? Study has focused on the effects of different kinds of input, and on the impact of the social context.
Second language acquisition - Social effects.
The process of language learning can be very stressful, and the impact of positive or negative attitudes from the surrounding society can be critical. One aspect that has received particular attention is the r ...
See also:Second language acquisition, Second language acquisition - Describing learner language, Second language acquisition - Error analysis, Second language acquisition - Interlanguage, Second language acquisition - Developmental patterns, Second language acquisition - Variability, Second language acquisition - Learner-external factors, Second language acquisition - Social effects, Second language acquisition - Input and intake, Second language acquisition - Interaction, Second language acquisition - Pedagogical effects, Second language acquisition - Learner-internal factors, Second language acquisition - Summary of Critical Period Research to date, Second language acquisition - Other Directions of Research, Second language acquisition - Cognitive approaches, Second language acquisition - Language transfer, Second language acquisition - Linguistic universals, Second language acquisition - Individual variation, Second language acquisition - Language aptitude, Second language acquisition - Age, Second language acquisition - Strategy use, Second language acquisition - Affective factors, Second language acquisition - Understanding SLA, Second language acquisition - Concepts of ability, Second language acquisition - References and further reading Read more here: » Second language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Learner-external factors |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Other Directions of Research Empirical research has attempted to account for variables detailed by SLA theories and provide an insight into L2 learning processes, which can be applied in educational environments. Recent SLA investigations have followed two main directions: one focuses on pairings of L1 and L2 that render L2 acquisition particularly difficult, and the other investigates certain aspects of language that may be maturationally constrained. Flege, Mackay and Piske (2002) looked at bilingual dominance to evaluate two explanations of L2 performance differences ...
See also:Second language acquisition, Second language acquisition - Describing learner language, Second language acquisition - Error analysis, Second language acquisition - Interlanguage, Second language acquisition - Developmental patterns, Second language acquisition - Variability, Second language acquisition - Learner-external factors, Second language acquisition - Social effects, Second language acquisition - Input and intake, Second language acquisition - Interaction, Second language acquisition - Pedagogical effects, Second language acquisition - Learner-internal factors, Second language acquisition - Summary of Critical Period Research to date, Second language acquisition - Other Directions of Research, Second language acquisition - Cognitive approaches, Second language acquisition - Language transfer, Second language acquisition - Linguistic universals, Second language acquisition - Individual variation, Second language acquisition - Language aptitude, Second language acquisition - Age, Second language acquisition - Strategy use, Second language acquisition - Affective factors, Second language acquisition - Understanding SLA, Second language acquisition - Concepts of ability, Second language acquisition - References and further reading Read more here: » Second language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Other Directions of Research |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Individual variation Research on variation between individual learners seeks to address the question: Why do some learners do better than others? A flurry of studies in the 1970s, often labelled the "good language learner studies," sought to identify the distinctive factors of successful learners. Although those studies are now widely regarded as simplistic, they did serve to identify a number of factors affecting language acquisition. More detailed research on many of these specific factors continues today.
See also: Second language acquisition, Second language acquisition - Describing learner language, Second language acquisition - Error analysis, Second language acquisition - Interlanguage, Second language acquisition - Developmental patterns, Second language acquisition - Variability, Second language acquisition - Learner-external factors, Second language acquisition - Social effects, Second language acquisition - Input and intake, Second language acquisition - Interaction, Second language acquisition - Pedagogical effects, Second language acquisition - Learner-internal factors, Second language acquisition - Summary of Critical Period Research to date, Second language acquisition - Other Directions of Research, Second language acquisition - Cognitive approaches, Second language acquisition - Language transfer, Second language acquisition - Linguistic universals, Second language acquisition - Individual variation, Second language acquisition - Language aptitude, Second language acquisition - Age, Second language acquisition - Strategy use, Second language acquisition - Affective factors, Second language acquisition - Understanding SLA, Second language acquisition - Concepts of ability, Second language acquisition - References and further reading Read more here: » Second language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Second language acquisition - Individual variation |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Language death - Historical language change & dead languages Additionally, a language can become "dead" through a gradual process of language change, such as that from Old English into Modern English, or Latin into the Romance languages. However, the term language death is not usually used to describe this process.
Contrary to popular belief, the Latin language has never died, at least not in this linguistic sense. Instead, it continues to be passed on as mother tongue even today. Throughout the millenia, the effects of language evolution have vastly changed the language; also, separatio ...
See also:Language death, Language death - Types of language death, Language death - Linguicide, Language death - Language attrition, Language death - Causes: Sociolinguistics, Language death - Consequences on grammar, Language death - Language revival, Language death - Language loss & language acquisition, Language death - Historical language change & dead languages, Language death - Bibliography Read more here: » Language death: Encyclopedia II - Language death - Historical language change & dead languages |
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| | | | | | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Bantu - History Dr. Wilhelm Bleek was the first person to define the term "Bantu" in his 1862 book A Comparative Grammar of South African Languages. He proposed the hypothesis that a vast number of languages spread across central, southern, eastern, and even western Africa shared so many characteristics that they must be part of a single language group. This basic thesis is still accepted today, although there have been many modifications to the ...
See also:Bantu, Bantu - History, Bantu - Bantu in South Africa, Bantu - History, Bantu - Social organization, Bantu - Ethnic partitioning, Bantu - Culture, Bantu - Food acquisition, Bantu - House types, Bantu - Faith, Bantu - Literature Read more here: » Bantu: Encyclopedia II - Bantu - History |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - Recognition and status Auslan was recognised by the Australian Government as a "community language other than English" and the preferred language of the Deaf community in policy statements in 1987[4] and 1991.[5] However, this recognition is yet to filter through to many institutions, government departm ...
See also:Auslan, Auslan - Recognition and status, Auslan - History, Auslan - Auslan in relation to English, Auslan - Fingerspelling, Auslan - Signed English, Auslan - Acquisition and nativeness, Auslan - Variation and standardisation, Auslan - Dialects, Auslan - Indigenous Australian sign languages and Auslan, Auslan - Written and recorded Auslan Read more here: » Auslan: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - Recognition and status |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - History Auslan evolved from sign languages brought to Australia during the nineteenth century from Britain and Ireland. The earliest record of a signing deaf Australian was convict Elizabeth Steel, who arrived in 1790 on the Second Fleet ship "Lady Juliana"[7]. Another early immigrant known to use sign language was the engraver John Carmichael[8] who arrived in Sydney in 1825 from Edinburgh. He had been to a deaf school there, and was kn ...
See also:Auslan, Auslan - Recognition and status, Auslan - History, Auslan - Auslan in relation to English, Auslan - Fingerspelling, Auslan - Signed English, Auslan - Acquisition and nativeness, Auslan - Variation and standardisation, Auslan - Dialects, Auslan - Indigenous Australian sign languages and Auslan, Auslan - Written and recorded Auslan Read more here: » Auslan: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - History |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - Auslan in relation to English Auslan is a natural language distinct from spoken or written English. Its grammar and vocabulary often do not have direct English counterparts and vice versa. However, English, as the dominant language in Australia, has had a significant influence on Auslan, especially through manual forms such as fingerspelling and (more recently) Signed English.
It is impossible to sign Auslan fluently while speaking English, as the word order is different, and there is often no direct sign-to-word equivalence. However, mouthing of an English word t ...
See also:Auslan, Auslan - Recognition and status, Auslan - History, Auslan - Auslan in relation to English, Auslan - Fingerspelling, Auslan - Signed English, Auslan - Acquisition and nativeness, Auslan - Variation and standardisation, Auslan - Dialects, Auslan - Indigenous Australian sign languages and Auslan, Auslan - Written and recorded Auslan Read more here: » Auslan: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - Auslan in relation to English |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - Variation and standardisation Auslan exhibits a high degree of variation, determined by the signer's age, educational background and geographic location, and the signing community is very tolerant of individual differences in signing style.
There is no standard dialect of Auslan. Standard dialects arise through the support of institutions, such as the media, education, government and the law. As this support has not existed for deaf sign languages, coupled with the lack of a widely used written form and communications technologies, Auslan has diverged much more rapidly than Australian ...
See also:Auslan, Auslan - Recognition and status, Auslan - History, Auslan - Auslan in relation to English, Auslan - Fingerspelling, Auslan - Signed English, Auslan - Acquisition and nativeness, Auslan - Variation and standardisation, Auslan - Dialects, Auslan - Indigenous Australian sign languages and Auslan, Auslan - Written and recorded Auslan Read more here: » Auslan: Encyclopedia II - Auslan - Variation and standardisation |
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| | | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - Berlitz Language Schools - History Berlitz had immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1872 with the intent of teaching Greek, Latin, and six other European languages according to the traditional grammar-translation approach. Working as a private teacher for a few years, he later joined Warner Polytechnic College as a professor of French and German language instruction.
The school was severely understaffed, and Berlitz served simultaneously as owner, dean, principal, and only faculty member. Needing an assistant who could teach French, Berlitz hired a Frenchman ...
See also:Berlitz Language Schools, Berlitz Language Schools - History, Berlitz Language Schools - Proficiency levels, Berlitz Language Schools - Ownership, Berlitz Language Schools - Sources Read more here: » Berlitz Language Schools: Encyclopedia II - Berlitz Language Schools - History |
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| | | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - History of British nationality law - Commonwealth Immigrants Acts In the 1960s Britain was concerned with the possible effect of large-scale immigration from its former colonies in Asia and Africa. Until the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, all Commonwealth citizens could enter and stay in the United Kingdom without any restriction. The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 made citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies whose passports were not directly issued by the United Kingdom Government (i.e. passports issued by the Governor of a colony or by the Commander of a British protectorate) subject to immigrat ...
See also:History of British nationality law, History of British nationality law - Early British nationality law, History of British nationality law - British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1948, History of British nationality law - Acquisition of Citizenship of the UK & Colonies, History of British nationality law - Requirements for Naturalisation or Registration, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Descent, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Declaration, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Marriage, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Adoption, History of British nationality law - Independence Acts, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Acts of 1958 1964 and 1965, History of British nationality law - Commonwealth Immigrants Acts, History of British nationality law - Immigration Act 1971, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1981, History of British nationality law - British Subject and British Protected Person, History of British nationality law - British National Overseas, History of British nationality law - British Citizenship Legislation for Hong Kong, History of British nationality law - British Overseas Territories Act 2002, History of British nationality law - Nationality Immigration & Asylum Act 2002, History of British nationality law - British Nationals with no other citizenship, History of British nationality law - Overseas born children of British mothers, History of British nationality law - Citizenship Ceremonies, History of British nationality law - English Language Requirements, History of British nationality law - Life in the United Kingdom Test, History of British nationality law - Statistics on British Citizenship Read more here: » History of British nationality law: Encyclopedia II - History of British nationality law - Commonwealth Immigrants Acts |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - History of British nationality law - Immigration Act 1971 The Immigration Act 1971 developed this distinction by creating the concept of patriality or right of abode. CUKCs and other Commonwealth citizens only had the right of abode in the UK if they, their husband (if female), their parents or their grandparents were connected to the United Kingdom and Islands (the UK, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man). This placed the UK in the rare position of denying some of its nationals entry into their country of nationality. (One consequence of this has been the inability of the United ...
See also:History of British nationality law, History of British nationality law - Early British nationality law, History of British nationality law - British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1948, History of British nationality law - Acquisition of Citizenship of the UK & Colonies, History of British nationality law - Requirements for Naturalisation or Registration, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Descent, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Declaration, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Marriage, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Adoption, History of British nationality law - Independence Acts, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Acts of 1958 1964 and 1965, History of British nationality law - Commonwealth Immigrants Acts, History of British nationality law - Immigration Act 1971, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1981, History of British nationality law - British Subject and British Protected Person, History of British nationality law - British National Overseas, History of British nationality law - British Citizenship Legislation for Hong Kong, History of British nationality law - British Overseas Territories Act 2002, History of British nationality law - Nationality Immigration & Asylum Act 2002, History of British nationality law - British Nationals with no other citizenship, History of British nationality law - Overseas born children of British mothers, History of British nationality law - Citizenship Ceremonies, History of British nationality law - English Language Requirements, History of British nationality law - Life in the United Kingdom Test, History of British nationality law - Statistics on British Citizenship Read more here: » History of British nationality law: Encyclopedia II - History of British nationality law - Immigration Act 1971 |
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| | | | | language acquisition: Encyclopedia II - History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1981 The British Nationality Act 1981 abolished the status of CUKC, and replaced it with three new categories of citizenship on 1 January 1983:
British citizenship,
British Dependent Territories citizenship (BDTC), which was renamed British Overseas Territories citizenship (BOTC) by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 (see below) and
British Overseas citizenship (BOC).
British Citizens are those former CUKCs who had a close relation with the United Kingdom and I ...
See also:History of British nationality law, History of British nationality law - Early British nationality law, History of British nationality law - British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1948, History of British nationality law - Acquisition of Citizenship of the UK & Colonies, History of British nationality law - Requirements for Naturalisation or Registration, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Descent, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Declaration, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Marriage, History of British nationality law - Citizenship by Adoption, History of British nationality law - Independence Acts, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Acts of 1958 1964 and 1965, History of British nationality law - Commonwealth Immigrants Acts, History of British nationality law - Immigration Act 1971, History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1981, History of British nationality law - British Subject and British Protected Person, History of British nationality law - British National Overseas, History of British nationality law - British Citizenship Legislation for Hong Kong, History of British nationality law - British Overseas Territories Act 2002, History of British nationality law - Nationality Immigration & Asylum Act 2002, History of British nationality law - British Nationals with no other citizenship, History of British nationality law - Overseas born children of British mothers, History of British nationality law - Citizenship Ceremonies, History of British nationality law - English Language Requirements, History of British nationality law - Life in the United Kingdom Test, History of British nationality law - Statistics on British Citizenship Read more here: » History of British nationality law: Encyclopedia II - History of British nationality law - British Nationality Act 1981 |
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