Because nearly all Palestinians (along with the bulk of the nations in the United Nations) consider these territories to be under occupation, they frequently refer to them as the occupied Palestinian territories, or, simply, Occupied Territories. This term is seen by supporters of Israel as connoting much more than a definition, but a host of related propositions that amount to a preventive political argument about the disposition and status of the land: that these territories are under the military control ...

See also:

Palestinian territories, Palestinian territories - Terminology, Palestinian territories - Meanings of the term, Palestinian territories - Claims, Palestinian territories - Israeli claims, Palestinian territories - Palestinian claims, Palestinian territories - Points not in dispute, Palestinian territories - Historical status of West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories - Legal Status of the territories

Read more here: » Palestinian territories: Encyclopedia II - Palestinian territories - Terminology

The idea of Israel being a Jewish State has drawn much controversy because of the large number of Muslim and Christian Palestinians residing in Israel and in the West Bank and Gaza. For example, the Israeli National Anthem, the Hatikvah, refers to Jews by name as well as alluding to the concept of Zionism, and it contains no mention of Palestinian culture. This anthem therefore excludes non-Jews, including the Palestinians, from its narrative of national identity. Similar criticism has been made of the Israeli flag which resembles the Tallit ...

See also:

Jewish state, Jewish state - Jewish state or a state of Jews?, Jewish state - A Jewish commonwealth, Jewish state - Criticism

Read more here: » Jewish state: Encyclopedia II - Jewish state - Criticism

The final status of the Palestinian territories as becoming (wholly or largely) an independent state for the Palestinian people is supported by the countries that back the road map. The government of Israel also accepted the road map but with 14 reservations [10]. Although Israeli settlements were not part of the Oslo Accord negotiations, the Palestinian position is that the creation and the presence of Israeli settlements in those areas is a violation of international law. This has also been affirmed by a majority of members of the Geneva c ...

See also:

Palestinian territories, Palestinian territories - Historical status of West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories - Terminology, Palestinian territories - Meanings of the term, Palestinian territories - Claims, Palestinian territories - Israeli claims, Palestinian territories - Palestinian claims, Palestinian territories - Points not in dispute, Palestinian territories - Legal Status of the territories

Read more here: » Palestinian territories: Encyclopedia II - Palestinian territories - Legal Status of the territories

In 1922, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire that ruled the region of Palestine for four centuries (1517-1917), the British Mandate of Palestine was established. The future of Palestine was hotly disputed between Palestinian Arabs and the Zionist movement. In 1947, the United Nations Partition Plan proposed a division of the mandated territory between an Arab and a Jewish state, with Jerusalem and the surrounding area to be a corpus separatum under a special international regime. The regions allotted to the proposed Arab state in ...

See also:

Palestinian territories, Palestinian territories - Historical status of West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories - Terminology, Palestinian territories - Meanings of the term, Palestinian territories - Claims, Palestinian territories - Israeli claims, Palestinian territories - Palestinian claims, Palestinian territories - Points not in dispute, Palestinian territories - Legal Status of the territories

Read more here: » Palestinian territories: Encyclopedia II - Palestinian territories - Historical status of West Bank and Gaza Strip

Jew - Usage note. Some uses of the term "Jew" are tainted by historic anti-Jewish bigotry. The correct adjectival form is "Jewish"; the use of "Jew" as an adjective (as in "Jew lawyer" rather than "Jewish lawyer") is associated with bigotry. The use of "Jew" or "jew" as a verb (as in "to jew someone down": to bargain for a lower price) is generally seen as an extremely offensive expression based on stereotypes. Even when used in a grammatically correct manner as a noun, the term "Jew" can objectify a ...

Including:

• Jew - Usage note
• Jew - Etymology
• Jew - Who is a Jew?
• Jew - Jewish culture
• Jew - Ethnic divisions
• Jew - Population
• Jew - Significant geographic populations
• Jew - State of Israel
• Jew - Diaspora outside Israel
• Jew - Population changes: Assimilation
• Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews
• Jew - Population changes: Growth
• Jew - Jewish languages
• Jew - History of the Jews
• Jew - Jews and migrations
• Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah
• Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule
• Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora
• Jew - Middle Ages: Europe
• Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa
• Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation
• Jew - Zionism and immigration
• Jew - The Holocaust
• Jew - Israel
• Jew - Persecution
• Jew - Jewish leadership
• Jew - Famous Jews
• Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia - Jew

Judea or Judaea (יהודה "Praise", Standard Hebrew Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Yəhûḏāh) (Greek: Ιουδαία) is a term used for the mountainous southern part of the historic Land of Israel (Hebrew: ארץ ישראל Eretz Yisrael), an area now divided between Israel and the West Bank, and, in a few geographical definitions of Judea, Jordan. In modern times, the name "Yehud ...

Including:

• Judea - Historical boundaries
• Judea - Geography
• Judea - History
• Judea - Chronology

Read more here: » Judea: Encyclopedia - Judea

According to the Bible, the Land of Israel (Hebrew: Eretz Yisrael) was promised to the descendants of Hebrew patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by God, making it the Promised land. The concept is frequently used symbolically by Christians, especially in hynmody as a reference to Heaven, or to a new land, such as North America colonized by the Pilgrims. Promised Land is a song by Chuck Berry. Promised Land is a 1987 movie starring Kiefer Sutherland and Meg Ryan Promised Land

Read more here: » Promised land: Encyclopedia - Promised land

Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. It is one of the first recorded monotheistic faiths and one of the oldest religious traditions still practiced today. The tenets and history of Judaism are the major part of the foundation of other Abrahamic religions, including Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam. Over at least the last two thousand years, Judaism has not been monolithic in practice, and has not had any centralized authority or binding dogma. Despite this, Judaism in all its variations has remained tightly bound ...

Including:

• Judaism - Introduction
• Judaism - Monotheism
• Judaism - Practical worship and the laws
• Judaism - Traditional view of the development of Judaism
• Judaism - Critical historical view of the development of Judaism
• Judaism - Religious doctrine and Principles of Faith
• Judaism - The traditional Jewish bookshelf
• Judaism - Jewish Law and interpretation
• Judaism - What makes a person Jewish?
• Judaism - Jewish philosophy
• Judaism - Jewish denominations
• Judaism - Jewish denominations in Israel
• Judaism - Karaism
• Judaism - Jewish prayer and practice
• Judaism - Prayers
• Judaism - Jewish holidays
• Judaism - Torah readings
• Judaism - Synagogues and Jewish buildings
• Judaism - Dietary laws: Kashrut
• Judaism - Family purity
• Judaism - Life-cycle events
• Judaism - Community leadership
• Judaism - Classical priesthood
• Judaism - Prayer leaders
• Judaism - Specialized religious roles
• Judaism - Jewish religious history
• Judaism - Ancient Jewish religious history
• Judaism - Historical Jewish groupings to 1700
• Judaism - Persecutions
• Judaism - Hasidism
• Judaism - The Enlightenment and Reform Judaism
• Judaism - The Holocaust
• Judaism - The present situation
• Judaism - Judaism and other religions
• Judaism - Christianity and Judaism
• Judaism - Islam and Judaism
• Judaism - Jews and Judaism
• Judaism - Jewish law and religion
• Judaism - Comparative

Read more here: » Judaism: Encyclopedia - Judaism

Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular modern world. It is broadly defined as the effort to adapt Orthodox Judaism to modernity and to avoid the social and/or cultural isolation which livi ...

Including:

• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Roots
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Torah Umadda
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Religious Zionism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Haredi Judaism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Neo-Orthodoxy
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Conservative Judaism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Introduction of reforms
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Difficulties inherent
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Important figures
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox advocacy groups
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox Congregations
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Resources

Read more here: » Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism

Palestine (Hebrew: פלשתינה Palestina , Arabic: فلسطين Filasṭīn or Falasṭīn, see also Canaan, Eretz Yisrael) is the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River, plus various adjoining lands to the east and south. Many different definitions of the region have been used in the past three millennia (see also definitions of Palestine). Palestine - Boundaries and name. According to the Bible, nearly 4,000 years ago, patriach Abraham ...

Including:

• Palestine - Boundaries and name
• Palestine - The 5th century BCE
• Palestine - Roman times
• Palestine - Arab rule
• Palestine - Muslim division into districts
• Palestine - Ottoman rule
• Palestine - The 20th Century
• Palestine - British Mandate
• Palestine - UN Partition
• Palestine - Current status

Read more here: » Palestine: Encyclopedia - Palestine

This article deals with Jewish views of religious pluralism. Religious pluralism is a set of religious worldviews that hold that one's religion is not the sole and exclusive source of truth, and thus recognizes that some level of truth and value exists in at least some other religions. As such, religious pluralism goes beyond religious tolerance, which is the condition of peaceful existence between adherents of different religions or religious denominations. Within the Jewish community, there is a shared common history, a shared langu ...

Including:

• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Classical Jewish views
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - General classical views on other religions
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Classical views on Christianity
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Modern post-Enlightenment era Jewish views
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Views on dialogue with non-Jews in general
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Views on Jewish-Christian dialogue
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Views on Jewish-Muslim dialogue
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Views on dialogue with non-monotheists
• Jewish views of religious pluralism - Intra-religious pluralism

Read more here: » Jewish views of religious pluralism: Encyclopedia - Jewish views of religious pluralism

A targum (plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) written or compiled in the Land of Israel or in Babylonia from the Second Temple period until the early Middle Ages (late first millennium). As translations, the targumim largely reflect rabbinic (i.e. midrashic) interpretation of the Tanakh. This is true both for those targumim that are fairly literal, as well as for those whi ...

Including:

• Targum - The Two Official Targumim
• Targum - Targum Ketuvim
• Targum - Other Targumim on the Torah
• Targum - The Peshitta

Read more here: » Targum: Encyclopedia - Targum

A Jewish holiday or Jewish Festival is a day or series of days observed by Jews as holy or secular commemorations of important events in Jewish history. In Hebrew, Jewish holidays and festivals, depending on their nature, may be called Yom Tov ("good day") or chag ("festival") or ta'nit ("fast"). Outside of a Jewish context, all Jewish holidays appear to be "religious holidays" but that is not actually the case. It is important to understand that Judaism is so old that it is simultaneously a religion ...

Including:

• Jewish holiday - Rosh Hashanah - The Jewish New Year
• Jewish holiday - Aseret Yemei Teshuva - Ten Days of Repentance
• Jewish holiday - Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement
• Jewish holiday - Sukkot - Festival of Booths
• Jewish holiday - Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah - Rejoicing with the Law
• Jewish holiday - Hanukkah - Festival of Lights
• Jewish holiday - Tu Bishvat - New year of the trees
• Jewish holiday - Purim - Festival of Lots
• Jewish holiday - New Year for Kings
• Jewish holiday - Pesach - Passover
• Jewish holiday - Sefirah - Counting of the Omer
• Jewish holiday - Lag Ba'omer
• Jewish holiday - New Israeli/Jewish national holidays
• Jewish holiday - Yom Ha'Shoah - Holocaust Remembrance day
• Jewish holiday - Yom Hazikaron - Memorial Day
• Jewish holiday - Yom Ha'atzma'ut - Israel Independence Day
• Jewish holiday - Yom Yerushalayim - Jerusalem Day
• Jewish holiday - Shavuot - Pentecost
• Jewish holiday - The Three Weeks and the Nine Days
• Jewish holiday - Tisha B'av - Ninth of Av
• Jewish holiday - Tithe of animals
• Jewish holiday - Rosh Chodesh - the New Month
• Jewish holiday - Shabbat - The Sabbath יום השבת
• Jewish holiday - Variances in observances

Read more here: » Jewish holiday: Encyclopedia - Jewish holiday

This article is about the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah. For the tractate in the Talmud with the same name, see Rosh Hashanah (Talmud). Rosh Hashanah (Hebrew: ראש השנה transliterated ro’sh ha-shānāh, "head of the year") is the Jewish New Year. In fact, Judaism has four "new years" which mark various legal "years", much like 1 January marks the "New Year" of the Gregorian calendar. Rosh Hashanah is the new year for people, animals and legal ...

Including:

• Rosh Hashanah - Date
• Rosh Hashanah - Traditions and customs
• Rosh Hashanah - In the Hebrew Bible
• Rosh Hashanah - In rabbinic literature
• Rosh Hashanah - In the New Testament

Read more here: » Rosh Hashanah: Encyclopedia - Rosh Hashanah

Advocates of Israel becoming a more narrowly Jewish commonwealth face at least the following practical and theoretical difficulties: How to deal with the non-Jewish Arab minority in Israel (and the non-Jewish majority in the West Bank and Gaza (of whom an absolute majority support some form of a secular state devoid of Jewish identity) [3]. How to alleviate concerns of Jews in Israel who favor a relatively secular state. [4] What relationship should official Judaism hold vis-a-vis the Government of Israe ...

See also:

Jewish state, Jewish state - Jewish state or a state of Jews?, Jewish state - A Jewish commonwealth, Jewish state - Criticism

Read more here: » Jewish state: Encyclopedia II - Jewish state - A Jewish commonwealth

This entry contains a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. Note that all dates are given according to the Common Era (Christian), not the Jewish calendar. For more detailed information on Jewish history, including links to individual country histories, see Jewish history. Timeline of Jewish history - Biblical history. A separate article exists on the timeline of Biblical characters and the Israelites. See the entry on the history of ancient Israel and Judah. Note, however, that the ...

Including:

• Timeline of Jewish history - Biblical history
• Timeline of Jewish history - Post Biblical-history
• Timeline of Jewish history - 200 BCE to 700 CE
• Timeline of Jewish history - 701 to 1500
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1501 to 1800
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1801 to 1900
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1901 to 1945
• Timeline of Jewish history - 1946 to Today

Read more here: » Timeline of Jewish history: Encyclopedia - Timeline of Jewish history

The United Nations Security Council (in Resolution 465 and Resolution 484, among others), the High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention[5], and the International Committee of the Red Cross[6], have each resolved that the territories discussed in this article are occupied and that the Fourth Geneva Convention provisions regarding occupied territories apply. Al ...

See also:

Israeli-occupied territories, Israeli-occupied territories - Specific territories, Israeli-occupied territories - The Sinai Peninsula, Israeli-occupied territories - The West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Israeli-occupied territories - East Jerusalem, Israeli-occupied territories - The Golan Heights, Israeli-occupied territories - Applicability of the term occupied, Israeli-occupied territories - Palestinians and Israeli law

Read more here: » Israeli-occupied territories: Encyclopedia II - Israeli-occupied territories - Applicability of the term occupied

Israel Aircraft Industries - Civilian Air systems. Arava - medium sized STOL transport aircraft Westwind business jet Astra/Galaxy business jets (now produced for Gulfstream Aerospace as the G100/G200) Israel Aircraft Industries - Military air systems. Lavi - an Israeli fighter jet, abandoned due lack of budget Kfir - fighter jet, derivative of the French Mirage 5 UAV - unmanned aerial drones Pioneer (with the USA) ...

See also:

Israel Aircraft Industries, Israel Aircraft Industries - Products, Israel Aircraft Industries - Civilian Air systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Military air systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Ground systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Naval systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - Aerospace systems, Israel Aircraft Industries - External link

Read more here: » Israel Aircraft Industries: Encyclopedia II - Israel Aircraft Industries - Products

One railway line goes North along the coast reaching Haifa, the Krayot, and Nahariya. One goes South to Be'er Sheva with a new spur from the Be'er Sheva Tzafon (North) Station to Dimona which opened on December 17, 2005. There are future plans to extend Be’er Sheva-Dimona line to the Red Sea port of Eilat. Another line goes South to Ashkelon with a spur to Rishon LeTzion. The line was extended from Ashdod to Ashkelon in April 2005. Another line goes East to Kfar Saba. The line to Jerusalem which opened in 1892, saw its operations suspended ...

See also:

Israel Railways, Israel Railways - Lines, Israel Railways - Expansion Plans, Israel Railways - Passenger Traffic, Israel Railways - Proposed Rail Lines to the PA, Israel Railways - Old Railway Links to Other Countries

Read more here: » Israel Railways: Encyclopedia II - Israel Railways - Lines

Refugee - Boat people. Boat people is a term usually referring to impoverished illegal immigrants or asylum seekers who arrive en masse in old or crudely made boats. The term came into common use in the 1970s with the mass exodus of Vietnamese refugees following the Vietnam War. It is a widely used form of migration for people migrating from Cuba, Haiti, Morocco, Vietnam or Albania. They often risk their lives on dangerously crude and overcrowded boats to escape oppression or poverty in their home nations. ...

See also:

Refugee, Refugee - Asylum seekers, Refugee - Refugee law, Refugee - UNHCR, Refugee - Refugee camps, Refugee - Refugee groups, Refugee - Boat people, Refugee - Refugee movement in Europe, Refugee - Refugee movements in Asia, Refugee - Refugee movements in Africa, Refugee - Haitians and Cubans, Refugee - Palestinians, Refugee - Historical refugee crises, Refugee - Huguenot refugees, Refugee - Armenian refugees during Armenian Genocide, Refugee - Jewish diaspora during WWII, Refugee - Bengali Refugees in India in 1971, Refugee - World Refugee Day, Refugee - Common medical problems in refugees, Refugee - Notes

Read more here: » Refugee: Encyclopedia II - Refugee - Refugee groups

Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower. National military service is compulsory for Jewish men and women over the age of 17, although exemptions may be made on religious, physical, pacifist or psychological grounds (see Profile 21). The fact that an increasing number of men in the Haredi community are exempt has been a source of tension in Israeli society. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requi ...

See also:

Israel Defense Forces, Israel Defense Forces - History, Israel Defense Forces - Overview, Israel Defense Forces - Service and manpower, Israel Defense Forces - Expenditures and alliances, Israel Defense Forces - Military structure, Israel Defense Forces - High command General Staff, Israel Defense Forces - Ground forces, Israel Defense Forces - Air force, Israel Defense Forces - Navy, Israel Defense Forces - Military intelligence, Israel Defense Forces - Support, Israel Defense Forces - Regional commands, Israel Defense Forces - Related organisations, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli military technology, Israel Defense Forces - Main Israeli developments, Israel Defense Forces - Specific weapon systems, Israel Defense Forces - Nuclear capability, Israel Defense Forces - Israeli Defence Forces Ranks, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Values of the Code of Conduct, Israel Defense Forces - Code of Conduct against terrorists, Israel Defense Forces - Counterterrorism tactics, Israel Defense Forces - Targeted killing, Israel Defense Forces - House demolitions, Israel Defense Forces - Related IDF articles, Israel Defense Forces - General related articles

Read more here: » Israel Defense Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israel Defense Forces - Overview

The Border Police was founded as the Frontier Corps (Hebrew: חיל הספר), a gendarmerie under the IDF in 1949 with the task of providing security in rural areas and along the borders. In the course of the following years, it was gradually transferred to the command of the Police and became the Border Police. During these years, it secured new settlements and countered infiltration of ...

See also:

Israel Border Police, Israel Border Police - History, Israel Border Police - Structure

Read more here: » Israel Border Police: Encyclopedia II - Israel Border Police - History