Western Kurdistan or Syrian Kurdistan (Kurdish: Kurdistana Binxetê) is a geocultural region located in present-day north-eastern Syria. It covers the province of "Hesaka" or Al Hasakah. The main cities in this region are Al-Qamishli (or "Qamişlû" in Kurdish) and Al Hasakah (or "Hesaka" in Kurdish). Kurds make up around 9% to 10% of the population in Syria. (see Demographics_of_Syria and [14]). According to Human Rights Watch, there are 142,465 Kurds (by the government's count), and well over 200,000 Kurds (according t ...

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Kurdistan, Kurdistan - History, Kurdistan - Northern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Forced relocations in Turkey, Kurdistan - The case of Leyla Zana, Kurdistan - Arrest of Ocalan, Kurdistan - Southern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Anfal Genocidal Campaign, Kurdistan - Iranian Eastern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - The Shivan Qaderi incident, Kurdistan - Western Kurdistan

Read more here: » Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Kurdistan - Western Kurdistan

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Kurdistan, Kurdistan - History, Kurdistan - Northern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Forced relocations in Turkey, Kurdistan - The case of Leyla Zana, Kurdistan - Arrest of Ocalan, Kurdistan - Southern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Anfal Genocidal Campaign, Kurdistan - Iranian Eastern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - The Shivan Qaderi incident, Kurdistan - Western Kurdistan

Read more here: » Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Kurdistan - Iranian Eastern Kurdistan

Northern Kurdistan is a geocultural region located in present-day southeastern Turkey. After the Treaty of Sèvres, Kemal Atatürk often referred to "Turko-Kurdish cooperation" during the years of "national struggle", known as Millî Mücadele. This was in accord with acts of the Ankara government such as sending a team of instructors to train the Kurdish rebels, who were then fighting against British troops in modern day Iraq under the banner of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. It has been argued that Atatürk promised Kurdish people in Nor ...

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Kurdistan, Kurdistan - History, Kurdistan - Northern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Forced relocations in Turkey, Kurdistan - The case of Leyla Zana, Kurdistan - Arrest of Ocalan, Kurdistan - Southern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Anfal Genocidal Campaign, Kurdistan - Iranian Eastern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - The Shivan Qaderi incident, Kurdistan - Western Kurdistan

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Kurds claim descent from various ancient groups; among them the Guti, Mannai, Hurrian and Medes. The Medes came under Persian rule during the reign of Cyrus the Great and Darius. Centuries later, Kurdish-inhabited areas in the Middle East witnessed the clash of the two competing super powers of those times, namely the Sassanid Empire and the Roman Empire. At their peak, the Romans ruled large Kurdish-inhabited areas, particularly the western and north ...

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Kurdistan, Kurdistan - History, Kurdistan - Northern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Forced relocations in Turkey, Kurdistan - The case of Leyla Zana, Kurdistan - Arrest of Ocalan, Kurdistan - Southern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - Anfal Genocidal Campaign, Kurdistan - Iranian Eastern Kurdistan, Kurdistan - The Shivan Qaderi incident, Kurdistan - Western Kurdistan

Read more here: » Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Kurdistan - History

Slemani Hewler Slemani Duhok Geli Eli Beg Waterfall Lake Dukan Ancient Hewler Citadel A Canyon ...

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Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Name, Iraqi Kurdistan - History, Iraqi Kurdistan - Anfal genocidal campaign, Iraqi Kurdistan - Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraqi Kurdistan - Timeline of the Kurdish uprising, Iraqi Kurdistan - Politics, Iraqi Kurdistan - Some Iraqi Kurdish Politicians, Iraqi Kurdistan - Economy, Iraqi Kurdistan - Geography, Iraqi Kurdistan - Governorates, Iraqi Kurdistan - Military, Iraqi Kurdistan - Culture, Iraqi Kurdistan - Music, Iraqi Kurdistan - Views of Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Historical and touristic attractions, Iraqi Kurdistan - Colleges and universities

Read more here: » Iraqi Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Iraqi Kurdistan - Views of Kurdistan

The word of Kurdistan is a combination of the word "Kurd" derived from "Kardo" plus the suffix "istan", totally meaning "Land of the Kurds". As it is mentioned in Iraqi Constitution the fullname of this region is "Kurdistan Region" or "Iraqi Kurdistan". During the Ba'ath regime in the 70's and 80's the region was called Kurdish Autonomous Region. ...

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Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Name, Iraqi Kurdistan - History, Iraqi Kurdistan - Politics, Iraqi Kurdistan - Economy, Iraqi Kurdistan - Geography, Iraqi Kurdistan - Governorates, Iraqi Kurdistan - Military, Iraqi Kurdistan - Culture, Iraqi Kurdistan - Music, Iraqi Kurdistan - Timeline of the Kurdish uprising

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Ottoman Armenia or Turkish Armenia was the Armenian part of the Ottoman Empire. Following the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829, when the eastern part of this territory was ceded to the Russian Empire, the remaining Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as Western Armenia. The distinct Western Armenian dialect of the Armenian language is spoken primarily in Turkey, the Levant and in the Armenian Diaspora. See also. History of Armenia Eastern Armenia Hayastan (G ...

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Anatolia (Greek: Aνατολή Αnatolē or Ανατολία Anatolìa) is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey, also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor. It means "rising of the sun" or "East", is . In Turkish it is called Anadolu, a derivation of its original Greek version. Because of its strategic location at the intersection of Asia and Europe, Anatolia has been a cradle for several civilizations since prehistoric ages, with Neolithic settlements su ...

Including:

Anatolia - States of Anatolia Anatolia - Ottoman Rule of Asia Minor after 1885 Anatolia - Ethnic distribution in Asia Minor in the early 20th century before the Treaty of Lausanne

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Iraqi Kurdistan is divided into 6 governorates which untill this time three of them is under the control of Kurdistan Regions Government. This Governorates are called in Kurdish as Parêzge. Particularly in Iraqi government documents the term governorate is preferred: The governorates under Kurdistan Region Goverment are: As Sulaymaniyah (Slêmanî) Arbil (Hewlêr) Dahuk (Dihok) The governorates claimed totally or parts of them by Kurdistan Region Government are: Diyala Kir ...

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Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Name, Iraqi Kurdistan - History, Iraqi Kurdistan - Politics, Iraqi Kurdistan - Economy, Iraqi Kurdistan - Geography, Iraqi Kurdistan - Governorates, Iraqi Kurdistan - Military, Iraqi Kurdistan - Culture, Iraqi Kurdistan - Music, Iraqi Kurdistan - Timeline of the Kurdish uprising

Read more here: » Iraqi Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Iraqi Kurdistan - Governorates

The Báb · Abdu'l-Bahá Kitáb-i-Aqdas · Kitáb-i-Íqán The Hidden Words Administrative Order The Guardian Universal House of Justice Continental Counsellors Spiritual Assembly Haifa · Akká Shiraz · Baghdad Bahá'í History · Timeline Bábís · Shaykh Ahmad Táhirih · Quddús · Badí' Shoghi Effendi Rúhíyyih Khanum Unity of humanity Unity of religion Gender equality Universal education Science and religion Auxilliary language Symbols · Humor · Laws Ca ...

Including:

Bahá'u'lláh - Early life
Bahá'u'lláh - Background Bahá'u'lláh - Marriage and family
Bahá'u'lláh - Bábí movement
Bahá'u'lláh - Acceptance of the Báb Bahá'u'lláh - Attempt on the life of the Shah Bahá'u'lláh - Revelation in the Síyáh-Chál
Bahá'u'lláh - Baghdad
Bahá'u'lláh - Banishment from Iran Bahá'u'lláh - Kurdistan Bahá'u'lláh - Return to Baghdad Bahá'u'lláh - Declaration in the Garden of Ridvan
Bahá'u'lláh - Imprisonment
Bahá'u'lláh - Constantinople Istanbul Bahá'u'lláh - Adrianople Edirne Bahá'u'lláh - Akka Akko Acre
Bahá'u'lláh - Final Years
Bahá'u'lláh - Bahji Bahá'u'lláh - Succession
Bahá'u'lláh - Bahá'u'lláh's Works Bahá'u'lláh - Photograph

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Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. In politics, a self-governing city or region, e.g. Kurdistan, Kosovo or Hong Kong SAR (not necessarily as a result of formal secession), is autonomous. Autonomy is usually a pre-requisite to separation or secession, however, autonomy does not necessarily lead to separation. Autonomy is not independence. In Eastern Christianity, autonomy is the status of a hierarchical church whose head bishop is appointed by a h ...

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Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic is a modern Jewish Aramaic language, often called Neo-Aramaic or Judeo-Aramaic. It was originally spoken in three villages near Aqra in Iraqi Kurdistan. The native name of the language is Lishanid Janan, which means 'our language', and is similar to names used by other Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects (Lishan Didan, Lishanid Noshan). Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic - Origin and use today. The Jewish inhabitants of a wide area from northern Iraq, eastern Turkey a ...

Including:

Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic - Origin and use today

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The Zagros Mountains (In Persian:رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس, In Kurdish: Çîyayên Zagrosê) make up Iraq's largest and Iran's second largest mountain range. They have a length of 1500 kilometres from western Iran, from Kurdistan at the border with Iraq to the southern parts of the Persian Gulf. The range ends at the Straits of Hormuz. The name "Zagros" is possibly derived from the Greek "zagreus", meaning stormy. The mountains are divided into many parallel sub-ranges (up to 10, or 250 km), and have the same ...

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The Iraqi Kurdistan is largely mountainous, with the highest point being a 3,611 m (11,847 ft) point known locally as Cheekah Dar (black tent). There are many rivers flowing and running through mountains of the region making it distinguished by its fertile lands, plentiful water, picturesque nature. The mountainous nature of Kurdistan, the difference of temperatures in its various parts, and its wealth of waters, make Kurdistan a land of agriculture and tourism. In addition to various minerals, oil in particular, which for a long time was being extracted only in Kurdistan throwgh Iraq. The largest lake in ...

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Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Name, Iraqi Kurdistan - History, Iraqi Kurdistan - Anfal genocidal campaign, Iraqi Kurdistan - Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraqi Kurdistan - Timeline of the Kurdish uprising, Iraqi Kurdistan - Politics, Iraqi Kurdistan - Some Iraqi Kurdish Politicians, Iraqi Kurdistan - Economy, Iraqi Kurdistan - Geography, Iraqi Kurdistan - Governorates, Iraqi Kurdistan - Military, Iraqi Kurdistan - Culture, Iraqi Kurdistan - Music, Iraqi Kurdistan - Views of Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Historical and touristic attractions, Iraqi Kurdistan - Colleges and universities

Read more here: » Iraqi Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Iraqi Kurdistan - Geography

Ali Hassan al-Majid (Arabic: علي حسن الماجد) (born 1941), was an Iraqi official and commander. A first cousin of former President Saddam Hussein, he was the Defense Minister of Iraq. He has been called Chemical Ali and the Butcher of Kurdistan for his role in leading the al-Anfal Campaign during which he ordered a toxic gas attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja that killed thousands of Kurds (see Halabja poison gas attack). He also oversaw the occupation of Kuwait in 1990 and 1991 and acted as the country's m ...

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The Kurdistan Region was originally established in 1970 as the Kurdish Autonomous Region following the agreement of an Autonomy Accord between the government of Iraq and leaders of the Iraqi Kurdish community. A Legislative Assembly was established in the city of Arbil with theoretical authority over the Kurdish-populated governorates of Arbil, Dahuk and As Sulaymaniyah. In the new Iraqi Constitution, it is refe ...

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Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Name, Iraqi Kurdistan - History, Iraqi Kurdistan - Politics, Iraqi Kurdistan - Economy, Iraqi Kurdistan - Geography, Iraqi Kurdistan - Governorates, Iraqi Kurdistan - Military, Iraqi Kurdistan - Culture, Iraqi Kurdistan - Music, Iraqi Kurdistan - Timeline of the Kurdish uprising

Read more here: » Iraqi Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Iraqi Kurdistan - History

Under the former Iraqi Ba'athist regime, which ruled Iraq from 1968 until 2003, Kurds were initially granted limited autonomy (1970), and after the Barzani revolt in 1961, were given some high-level political representation in Baghdad. However, for various reasons, including the pro-Iranian sympathies of some Kurds during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s, the regime implemented anti-Kurdish policies and a de facto civil war broke out. Iraq was widely-condemned by the international community, but was never seriously punished for oppressi ...

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Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Name, Iraqi Kurdistan - History, Iraqi Kurdistan - Anfal genocidal campaign, Iraqi Kurdistan - Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraqi Kurdistan - Timeline of the Kurdish uprising, Iraqi Kurdistan - Politics, Iraqi Kurdistan - Some Iraqi Kurdish Politicians, Iraqi Kurdistan - Economy, Iraqi Kurdistan - Geography, Iraqi Kurdistan - Governorates, Iraqi Kurdistan - Military, Iraqi Kurdistan - Culture, Iraqi Kurdistan - Music, Iraqi Kurdistan - Views of Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan - Historical and touristic attractions, Iraqi Kurdistan - Colleges and universities

Read more here: » Iraqi Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Iraqi Kurdistan - History

The rich, beautiful and mountainous lands of this area first encouraged Aryan tribes to settle in this region after their immigration to Iran. It was from here where the first plan to overthrow the Assyrians began, leading to their defeat in 612 BCE, and setting the stage for the commence of the Median empire. When the Islamic Arabs attacked the Sassanid empire in 634 CE, many Kurds resisted their invasion, but were eventually brought under Muslim rule. In 835 CE, one of the Kurdish leaders revolted against Al-Mu'tasim, but was eventually suppressed. The Kurds revolted agains ...

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Kurdistan Province Iran, Kurdistan Province Iran - History, Kurdistan Province Iran - Geography, Kurdistan Province Iran - Climate, Kurdistan Province Iran - People and culture, Kurdistan Province Iran - Kurdistan Province today, Kurdistan Province Iran - Economy, Kurdistan Province Iran - Colleges and universities, Kurdistan Province Iran - Attractions

Read more here: » Kurdistan Province Iran: Encyclopedia II - Kurdistan Province Iran - History

The PUK was a coalition of five separate political factions that united under Jalal Talabani also known as Mam ("Uncle") Jalal and Nawshirwan Mustafa; the leading factions were the Komala ("group") and Shorish Geran ("revolution spreaders"). The PUK received grassroots support from the urban intellectual classes of Iraqi Kurdistan upon its establishment, this was party due to 13 of its 15 founding members being Phd holders and academics. Originally, the party was a leftist political movement which has progressively moved towards the c ...

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Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan - Mission, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan - Leadership, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan - History, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan - Recent activities

Read more here: » Patriotic Union of Kurdistan: Encyclopedia II - Patriotic Union of Kurdistan - History

Since 1992, the Kurdistan Regional Government has been based in Erbil. The KRG has a parliament, called the Iraqi Kurdistan National Assembly, and a cabinet composed of the KDP and its allies (Iraqi Communist Party). Nechervan Idris Barzani has been prime minister of the KRG since 1999. Meanwhile, the provisional capital of the PUK-controlled area was in As Sulaymaniyah further south. In 7 January 2006 the controled region of the two paries merged. The main Kurdish parties and peshmerga collaborated with the Coalition during the 2003 ...

See also:

Kurdish Autonomous Region, Kurdish Autonomous Region - Kurdistan Regional Government, Kurdish Autonomous Region - Timeline of the Kurdish uprising

Read more here: » Kurdish Autonomous Region: Encyclopedia II - Kurdish Autonomous Region - Kurdistan Regional Government