Koko

Project Nim was an attempt to replicate Project Washoe, in which it was claimed that the chimpanzee Washoe learned to understand and use American Sign Language. Terrace and his colleagues aimed to use more rigorous experimental techniques, and the intellectual discipline of the experimental analysis of behavior, so that the linguistic abilities of the apes could be put on a more secure footing. Attention was particularly focused on Nim's ability to make different responses to different sequences of signs, and to emit different sequenc ...

See also:

Nim Chimpsky, Nim Chimpsky - Project Nim, Nim Chimpsky - Retirement and death, Nim Chimpsky - Quotations, Nim Chimpsky - Three-sign quotations, Nim Chimpsky - Four-sign quotations

Read more here: » Nim Chimpsky: Encyclopedia II - Nim Chimpsky - Project Nim

As a young adult, Prince-Hughes was employed at Seattle’s Woodland Park Zoo. She watched how silverback male gorillas cared for their families and paternally intervened to resolve conflicts, thereby setting the tone for community behavior. She came to conclude anger often stems from embarrassment, and humor is a natural response to fear. Prince-Hughes challenges the predominant scientific paradigm, which says the nature of mankind's cognitive processes is clearly distinct from that of primates. In most scientific circles, ascribing ...

See also:

Dawn Prince-Hughes, Dawn Prince-Hughes - Theories, Dawn Prince-Hughes - Literary works

Read more here: » Dawn Prince-Hughes: Encyclopedia II - Dawn Prince-Hughes - Theories

Blame is the assignment of responsibility from one entity to another. Blaming is the action of assigning this blame to another, often from oneself. These activities seem basic to hominid behaviour, as the infamous cat did it incident with Koko the gorilla demonstrated very vividly. Blaming is nearly universally observed in children. It seems to be an essential part of human development. When language skills develop, one of the first practical things that can be done with them is to apply them to bl ...

Read more here: » Blame: Encyclopedia - Blame

A pet is an animal that is kept (mostly by humans) for companionship and enjoyment, as opposed to livestock, which are kept for economic reasons. The most popular are noted for their loyal or playful characteristics or their attractive appearance or song. The term "pet" may also be applied to humans, usually in an endearing way by a lover, significant other, or partner. Calling another person a pet, though, can just as easily be considered an insult (see "plaything"). While in theory one could keep any animal as a pet, i ...

Including:

• Pet - Common Pet species
• Pet - Mammals
• Pet - Birds
• Pet - Reptiles
• Pet - Amphibians
• Pet - Fish
• Pet - Arthropods
• Pet - Mollusks
• Pet - Rocks
• Pet - External link

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Bushmeat (from the French "viande de brousse") hunting is common in sub-Saharan Africa's dense forests. It refers to the hunting of any animal which is not traditionally regarded to be a game animal, but is nonetheless edible. The meat may appeal to poor city dwellers with few choices, for example. Bushmeat animals include rats, antelopes, and forest elephants, among others. For centuries bushmeat has been an important source ...

Including:

• Bushmeat - Actors
• Bushmeat - Effect on Great Apes
• Bushmeat - Role in African diseases
• Bushmeat - Efforts at eradication

Read more here: » Bushmeat: Encyclopedia - Bushmeat

Washoe is a chimpanzee, currently living at the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute (CHCI) at Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. She was the first non-human to acquire at least some elements of American Sign Language (ASL), as part of a controversial research experiment into animal intelligence. She was named for Washoe County, Nevada, where she was raised and taught to use ASL. In 1967, Allen and Beatrice Gardner established a project to teach Washoe ASL at the University of Nevada, Reno. Previou ...

Read more here: » Washoe chimpanzee: Encyclopedia - Washoe chimpanzee

American Sign Language (ASL, also Amslan obs., Ameslan obs.) is the dominant sign language in the United States, English-speaking Canada, and parts of Mexico. Although the United Kingdom and the United States share English as a spoken language, British Sign Language (BSL) is a different language from ASL, and not mutually intelligible. ASL is also used (sometimes alongside indigenous sign languages) in the Philippines, Singapore, Hong Kong, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Fas ...

Including:

• American Sign Language - History of ASL
• American Sign Language - Linguistics
• American Sign Language - Iconicity
• American Sign Language - Grammar
• American Sign Language - Writing systems
• American Sign Language - Baby Sign
• American Sign Language - Primate usage

Read more here: » American Sign Language: Encyclopedia - American Sign Language

Chantek (born December 17, 1977, at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia) is a male orangutan who has mastered the use of a number of intellectual skills, including sign language, taught by anthropologist Dr. Lyn Miles. In Malay, cantik (pronounced chantik) means lovely. Rather than confinement in a zoo exhibit, Chantek has been kept captive in a habitat a short ride from the main zoo grounds of Zoo Atlanta, ever since the Yerkes Center gave him to the zoo in 1997. Chantek ...

Including:

• Chantek - An intellectual primate
• Chantek - Early life
• Chantek - Chantek as a person
• Chantek - Effects of captivity
• Chantek - Orangutan 'personhood' and conservation efforts

Read more here: » Chantek: Encyclopedia - Chantek

While the term "animal languages" is widely used, most researchers agree that they are not as complex or expressive as the human language. They argue that there are significant differences separating human language from animal communication even at its most complex, and that the underlying principles are not related. Other researchers argue that an evolutionary continuum exists between the communication methods these animals use and human language. There is a general consensus that human language is more complex than communication between animals. For more on communication among no ...

Including:

• Animal language - Literature

Read more here: » Animal language: Encyclopedia - Animal language

Nim Chimpsky - Three-sign quotations. Apple me eat Banana Nim eat Banana me eat Drink me Nim Eat Nim eat Eat Nim me Eat me Nim Eat me eat Finish hug Nim Give me eat Grape eat Nim Hug me Nim Me Nim eat Me more eat More eat Nim Nut Nim nut Play me Nim Tickle me Nim T ...

See also:

Nim Chimpsky, Nim Chimpsky - Project Nim, Nim Chimpsky - Retirement and death, Nim Chimpsky - Quotations, Nim Chimpsky - Three-sign quotations, Nim Chimpsky - Four-sign quotations

Read more here: » Nim Chimpsky: Encyclopedia II - Nim Chimpsky - Quotations

In Songs of the Gorilla Nation Prince-Hughes describes how she learned techniques to manage her form of autism, Asperger's syndrome, from her experiences observing and interacting with gorillas at the Seattle Zoo. In Gorilla Nation, she explores how working with gorillas helped her escape her social isolation as a sufferer of Asperger's, a form of autism characterized by difficulties processing stimuli, sensory sensitivity, and social awkwardness. As suggested by the title, which speaks of a 'nation' of gorillas, the author con ...

See also:

Dawn Prince-Hughes, Dawn Prince-Hughes - Theories, Dawn Prince-Hughes - Literary works

Read more here: » Dawn Prince-Hughes: Encyclopedia II - Dawn Prince-Hughes - Literary works

Person, in the classic sense, refers to a living human being. However, in philosophy, there has been debate over the precise meaning and correct usage of the term, whether the classical definition should be expanded or in some cases reduced, and which constituent elements or criteria must exist to establish personhood. Person - Are all persons human?. Firstly, there is the simple and traditional view that the common usage is the correct one: that "person" does indeed mean "human". However, this runs ...

Including:

• Person - Are all persons human?
• Person - Are all humans persons?
• Person - Possible criteria for personhood
• Person - Personhood theory
• Person - Implications of the personhood debate
• Person - Individual rights and responsibility
• Person - Corporations as persons

Read more here: » Person: Encyclopedia - Person

To tell a lie is to make a declarative statement to another person that one believes to be false, with the intention that the other person believe that statement to be true, and with the intention that the other person believe that one believes the statement to be true. A true statement may be a lie. If the person who makes the true statement believes it to be false, and has the relevant deceptive intentions, then she is lying, even though the statement is true. When a person lies she is necessarily being untruthful, but she is not necessarily making a false statement. Perjury, however, is normally restrict ...

Including:

• Lie - Morality of lying
• Lie - Lying distinguished from bullshitting
• Lie - Etiquette of lying
• Lie - Paradox of lying
• Lie - Psychology of lying
• Lie - Sociology and linguistics of lying
• Lie - Lie detection
• Lie - Representations of lie
• Lie - Reference

Read more here: » Lie: Encyclopedia - Lie

Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of central Africa. There are two species of gorilla, both in the genus Gorilla; each species has two subspecies. Both species of gorilla are endangered, and have been subject to intense poaching for a long time. Threats to gorilla survival inclu ...

Including:

• Gorilla - Physical characteristics
• Gorilla - Strength
• Gorilla - Gorilla culture
• Gorilla - Intelligence
• Gorilla - Tool use
• Gorilla - Classification
• Gorilla - Gorillas in pop culture

Read more here: » Gorilla: Encyclopedia - Gorilla

The bushmeat trade is considered by some anti-globalization activists to be one of many ways in which globalization affects life on the planet. There is no way (other than by researching the corporations involved, or their countries of origin) to tell which lumber has been produced by reliance on ape meat, and which has not. The only path to eliminating the bushmeat trade might be industry-specific protocols like the Cocoa Protocol. Although some argue against Western interference with African culture, claiming that the West should take a va ...

See also:

Bushmeat, Bushmeat - Actors, Bushmeat - Effect on Great Apes, Bushmeat - Role in African diseases, Bushmeat - Efforts at eradication

Read more here: » Bushmeat: Encyclopedia II - Bushmeat - Efforts at eradication

Talking animals are a common theme in fiction, especially in mythology and folk tales. Fictional talking animals often are anthropomorphic, possessing human-like qualities but appearing as an animal. The usage of talking animals enable storytellers to combine the basic characteristics of the animal with human behaviour: for example in the Three Little Pigs, the supposed animal rapacity of the wolf is shown through its repeated tricking of the three pigs. Other examples include Little Red Riding Hood ...

See also:

Talking animal, Talking animal - Imitation of speech, Talking animal - An animal language, Talking animal - Fiction, Talking animal - Talking animals which are still animals, Talking animal - Animals interacting with men, Talking animal - Animals that portray humans

Read more here: » Talking animal: Encyclopedia II - Talking animal - Fiction

Chantek has a vocabulary of several hundred signs, and understands both spoken English and American Sign Language. Chantek makes and uses tools, creates paintings, necklaces, crafts and music, and is one of only a handful of signing primates scattered across the United States. Washoe, the 32-year-old female chimpanzee is one of the most famous signing apes, and lives in Ellensburg, Washington. Koko ...

See also:

Chantek, Chantek - An intellectual primate, Chantek - Early life, Chantek - Chantek as a person, Chantek - Effects of captivity, Chantek - Orangutan 'personhood' and conservation efforts

Read more here: » Chantek: Encyclopedia II - Chantek - An intellectual primate

The philosophers Saint Augustine, as well as Thomas Aquinas and Immanuel Kant, prohibited all lying. According to all three, there are no circumstances in which one may lie. One must (unfortunately) be murdered, suffer torture, etc., rather than lie, if the only way to protect oneself is to lie. One must (unfortunately) allow others to be murdered, to suffer torture, etc., rather than lie, if the only way to protect them is to lie. Note that each of these philosophers believed in an afterlife in which the virtuous would be rewarded. Each of these philosophers gave several arguments against lying, all compatible with each other ...

See also:

Lie, Lie - Morality of lying, Lie - Lying distinguished from bullshitting, Lie - Etiquette of lying, Lie - Paradox of lying, Lie - Psychology of lying, Lie - Sociology and linguistics of lying, Lie - Lie detection, Lie - Representations of lie, Lie - Covering up Lies, Lie - Reference

Read more here: » Lie: Encyclopedia II - Lie - Morality of lying

Gorillas move about by knuckle-walking. Adult males range in height from 1.65 m to 1.75 m (5.4 to 5.7 feet), and in weight from 140 kg to 165 kg (305 to 360 pounds). Females are about half the weight of males. Gestation is 8 ½ months. There are typically 3–4 years between births. Infants stay with their mothers for 3–4 years. Females mature at 10–12 years (earlier in captivity); males 11–13 years, sometimes sooner if they assume leadership early. Lifespan is between 30–50 years. The Philadelphia Zoo's Massa set the lo ...

See also:

Gorilla, Gorilla - Physical characteristics, Gorilla - Strength, Gorilla - Classification, Gorilla - Gorilla culture, Gorilla - Intelligence, Gorilla - Tool use, Gorilla - Gorillas in pop culture

Read more here: » Gorilla: Encyclopedia II - Gorilla - Physical characteristics

During the series, George had a number of recurring fears and obsessions, including baseball, pretending to be financially successful, contracting lupus, and trying to seduce Marisa Tomei behind his fiancée’s back. George's professional life was unstable. He was unable to remain in any job for any great length of time before making an embarrassing blunder and getting fired. Over the course of the series, he worked for the New York Yankees, an industrial smoothing company, and countless other places. He was fired from his job at Pen ...

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George Costanza, George Costanza - Life, George Costanza - Pseudonyms, George Costanza - George Costanza moments, George Costanza - Jobs held by George Costanza, George Costanza - Jobs George Constanza falsely claimed to hold, George Costanza - Pop Culture

Read more here: » George Costanza: Encyclopedia II - George Costanza - Life