Kodungallur

Cranganore (modern day Kodungallur) and known in ancient times as Shinkli, Muchiri (anglicised to Muziris), Muyirikkodu, Muchiripattinam was a famous and prosperous sea-port at the mouth of the Periyar (also known as Choorni Nadi) river in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is located about 38 km from the present day city of Kochi at 10°13′N 76°13′E. The name Muchiri (Malayalam for broken lips) denotes the three branches of the Periyar river that open into the Arabian Sea at the town. Kodu ...

Including:

• Kodungallur - Ancient fame
• Kodungallur - Flood of 1341AD
• Kodungallur - Sights
• Kodungallur - Various names

Read more here: » Kodungallur: Encyclopedia - Kodungallur

Kodungallur was a critical trade link in Indian Ancient Maritime History. It was known as Muziris to Pliny the Elder (N.H. 6.26) who describes it as primum emporium Indiae. The port was familiar to the author of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea which described it as being situated on river Pseudostomos (Greek for "false mouth" - a precise translation of the Malayalam description of the mouth of the Periyar, Alimukam) two miles from its mouth ^{See also:}

Kodungallur, Kodungallur - Ancient fame, Kodungallur - Flood of 1341AD, Kodungallur - Sights, Kodungallur - Various names

Read more here: » Kodungallur: Encyclopedia II - Kodungallur - Ancient fame

Kerala (Malayalam: കേരളം — Keralam) is a state on the southwestern coast of India. The state is located on the tropical Malabar Coast and borders Tamil Nadu to the east and Karnataka to the northeast. Kerala has a population of some 3.18 crore people;[1] with 819 persons per km2, it is among India's most densely populated regions.[2] Kerala is also known for being the most literate state in India, with a literacy rate of 89.8%.^Including:

• Kerala - History
• Kerala - Ancient
• Kerala - Overseas contact
• Kerala - Colonial
• Kerala - Modern post-colonial
• Kerala - Geography
• Kerala - Administration
• Kerala - Politics
• Kerala - Arts
• Kerala - Society and social development
• Kerala - Demographics
• Kerala - Social development
• Kerala - Malayalam calendar
• Kerala - Festivals
• Kerala - Onam
• Kerala - Eid-ul-Fitr
• Kerala - Christmas
• Kerala - Deepavali
• Kerala - Bakr-id
• Kerala - Vishu
• Kerala - Economy
• Kerala - Tourism
• Kerala - Road network
• Kerala - Trivia
• Kerala - Related topics
• Kerala - Notes

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52 - Events. Saint Thomas, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, believed to have landed in Kodungallur, India to preach the Gospel; the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, the Indian Orthodox Church, and the Assyrian Church of the East claim descent from him. Ananias, a high priest in Jerusalem, is sent to Rome after being accused of violence. Barea Soranus is consul suffectus in Rome. 52 - Births. 52 - Deaths.

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations
Including:

• Thomas Apostle - Thomas in the Gospel of John
• Thomas Apostle - Name and identity
• Thomas Apostle - Twin and its renditions
• Thomas Apostle - Other names
• Thomas Apostle - Split identity
• Thomas Apostle - Later history
• Thomas Apostle - Thomas and Syria
• Thomas Apostle - Thomas and India
• Thomas Apostle - Writings attributed to Thomas
• Thomas Apostle - Thomas and John

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Zamorin is the anglicised version of Samoothirippadu or Samoothiri, a title of the rulers of the erstwhile Hindu state of Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut), located in the present day state of Kerala, India, between the 14th and 18th century AD. Manavikraman Raja, the Samoothiri of Kozhikode is famous for being the ruler that received the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama on May 18, 1498. Zamorin - Origins. The Samoothiri were previously known as the Eradis (rulers of Erana ...

Including:

• Zamorin - Origins
• Zamorin - Battles with neighbours
• Zamorin - Mamankam festival
• Zamorin - Portuguese connection
• Zamorin - Key dates

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Christianity is India's third-largest religion, following Hinduism and Islam. According to tradition, there have been Christians in India almost for as long as the religion has existed, and Christianity underwent major growth following European contact and British colonization, which brought in both Catholic and Protestant missionaries. The 2001 census recorded over 24 million (2.4 crore) Indian Christians, comprising 2.3% of the country's population. There are two main regional concentrations of Christian population, namely in ...

Including:

• Christianity in India - Early Christianity in India
• Christianity in India - In the Early Modern Period
• Christianity in India - Contemporary situation

Read more here: » Christianity in India: Encyclopedia - Christianity in India

Kerala - Ancient. Traditional Keralite legend proclaims that Parasurama, an avatar of Mahavishnu, threw his battle axes into the sea as penance and unction for his part in his sanguinary conflict with and annihilation of the Kshatriyas. As the ocean took in his axes, a new crescent-shaped land bounded by what is now Gokarnam in the north and Kanyakumari in the south foamed and arose from the waters. "God's own country", Kerala's sobriquet since ancient times, derives from this legend.^{See also:}

Kerala, Kerala - History, Kerala - Ancient, Kerala - Overseas contact, Kerala - Colonial, Kerala - Modern post-colonial, Kerala - Geography, Kerala - Administration, Kerala - Politics, Kerala - Arts, Kerala - Society and social development, Kerala - Demographics, Kerala - Social development, Kerala - Malayalam calendar, Kerala - Economy, Kerala - Tourism, Kerala - Road network, Kerala - Trivia, Kerala - Related topics, Kerala - Notes

Read more here: » Kerala: Encyclopedia II - Kerala - History

The Malabari Jews formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam. The original synagogue was built in the 4th century in Kodungallur (Cranganore) when the Jews had a mercantile role in the South Indian region along the Malabar coast now called K ...

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Paradesi Synagogue, Paradesi Synagogue - Early history, Paradesi Synagogue - Social composition, Paradesi Synagogue - Objects of antiquity

Read more here: » Paradesi Synagogue: Encyclopedia II - Paradesi Synagogue - Early history

From ancient times, Thrissur district has played a significant part in the political history of south India. The early political history of the district is interlinked with that of the Cheras of the Sangam age, who ruled over vast portions of Kerala with their capital at Vanchi. The whole of the present Thrissur district was included in the early Chera empire. The district can claim to have played a significant part in fostering the trade relations between Kerala and the outside world in the ancient and medieval period. It can also cl ...

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Thrissur, Thrissur - History, Thrissur - Geography, Thrissur - Culture, Thrissur - Some of the Hindu temples around Thrissur, Thrissur - Institutions of Higher Education, Thrissur - Places in Thrissur District, Thrissur - Media

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Vadakkunnathan temple is one of the oldest in South India according to the archaeologists. According to the legends, it was founded by Lord Parasurama and enshrines Lord Siva as the principal deity. The idol of Siva, which is not visible, is said to be covered under a mount of ghee, formed by the daily abhisheka (ablution) with ghee over the years. A devotee looking at the sanctum now sees an eleven-feet high mount of ghee embellished with thirteen cascading crescents of gold and three serpent hoods at top. According to traditional be ...

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Vadakkunnathan Temple, Vadakkunnathan Temple - Details of the temple structure, Vadakkunnathan Temple - More details, Vadakkunnathan Temple - Tips for a worshiper, Vadakkunnathan Temple - Time of worship

Read more here: » Vadakkunnathan Temple: Encyclopedia II - Vadakkunnathan Temple - More details

The southern coast of the Indian subcontinent (hypothesized by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus to be the place mentioned as Ophir in the Old Testament) inevitably became a gateway from the Mediterranean world to the Far East. The people there traded in teak, ivory, spices and peacocks, and the area was endowed with a magnificent coastline with numerous ports from Mangalapuram to Kodungallur, origi ...

See also:

Syrian Malabar Nasrani, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Origins, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Christian Jewish tradition, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani symbol, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Persecution by Portuguese, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani tradition today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani people today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - List of prominent Nasranis, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Bibliography

Read more here: » Syrian Malabar Nasrani: Encyclopedia II - Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Origins

Around 116 BC an interesting incident that had happened in Egypt was reported by Posidonius (ca. 135 BC - 51 BC (also spelled Poseidonius), and later recorded by Strabo. We are told that a shipwrecked Indian sailor was discovered, half-dead, by coast guards on the Red Sea, and was brought to the Egyptian King Physkon (also known as Physcon or Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II) during 118 BC. The sailor said he was the sole survivor of a ship that had sailed from India. The sailor promised to guide any of the King’s navigators on a voyage to India. So a Greek sailor, Eudoxus of Kyzicus (himself a ...

See also:

Indian Ancient Maritime History, Indian Ancient Maritime History - Alexander, Indian Ancient Maritime History - Mauryan Empire, Indian Ancient Maritime History - References in Bible, Indian Ancient Maritime History - House of Ptolemy, Indian Ancient Maritime History - Roman connection, Indian Ancient Maritime History - Journeys to the East and later centuries, Indian Ancient Maritime History - Additional Reading

Read more here: » Indian Ancient Maritime History: Encyclopedia II - Indian Ancient Maritime History - House of Ptolemy

After acquiring the Polanad state, the Samoothiri turned his attention to other states (nadus) around him. He next annexed the state of Nedunganad. Between 1353-1361 AD, the Samoothiri Raja fought a series of small battles with smaller states called the Thirunavaya War. The two larger states were Walluvanad and Perumpadappu (also known as Perumpadapu Swaroopam). Walluvanad was the prime producer of rice and agricultural products in Malabar region. As a result of the feud, the Perumpadappu Rajas were forced to move their capital ...

See also:

Zamorin, Zamorin - Origins, Zamorin - Battles with neighbours, Zamorin - Mamankam festival, Zamorin - Portuguese connection, Zamorin - Key dates

Read more here: » Zamorin: Encyclopedia II - Zamorin - Battles with neighbours

The Knanaya Christians are descendants of 72 Jeudo-Christian families who migrated from Edessa( or Urfa), the first city state that embraced Christianity, to the Malabar coast in AD 345, under the leadership of a prominent merchant prince Knai Thomman. They consisted of 400 people men, women and children, from various Syriac-Jewish clans. They sailed in three ships headed by a leading ship with the flag of King David. The Syriac-Jews were granted permission to engage in trade and settle down in Kodungallur by the then ruler of Malabar, Cheraman Perumal. The event has been recorded on co ...

See also:

Knanaya, Knanaya - History, Knanaya - Contemporary Knanaya customs and traditions, Knanaya - Knanaya community at present

Read more here: » Knanaya: Encyclopedia II - Knanaya - History

Just as Saints Peter and Paul are said to have brought the fledgling Christianity to Greece and Rome, Thomas is often said to have taken it eastwards. Thomas Apostle - Thomas and Syria. Thomas has a role in the legend of king Abgar of Edessa (Urfa), for having sent Thaddaeus to preach in Edessa after the Ascension (Eusebius, Historia ecclesiae 1.13; III.1; Ephrem the Syrian also recounts this legend.) In the 4th century the martyrium erected over his burial place brought pilgrims to Edessa. In the 3 ...

See also:

Thomas Apostle, Thomas Apostle - Thomas in the Gospel of John, Thomas Apostle - Name and identity, Thomas Apostle - Twin and its renditions, Thomas Apostle - Other names, Thomas Apostle - Split identity, Thomas Apostle - Later history, Thomas Apostle - Thomas and Syria, Thomas Apostle - Thomas and India, Thomas Apostle - Writings attributed to Thomas, Thomas Apostle - Thomas and John

Read more here: » Thomas Apostle: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Apostle - Later history

The total number of Christians in India according to the 1991 census was 19.6 million (1.96 crores), or 2.3 percent of the population. About 70% of Indian Christians in 1991 were Roman Catholics, including 300,000 members of the Syro-Malankara Church as of 1991. The remainder of Roman Catholics were under the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India. In January 1993, after centuries of self-government, the 3.5 million (35 lakh)-strong Latin-rite Syro-Malabar Church was raised to archiepiscopate status as part of the Roman Catholic Church. In total, there were nineteen arch ...

See also:

Christianity in India, Christianity in India - Early Christianity in India, Christianity in India - In the Early Modern Period, Christianity in India - Contemporary situation

Read more here: » Christianity in India: Encyclopedia II - Christianity in India - Contemporary situation

The Judeo-Nasrani tradition of the Syro-malabar Nasranis was wiped out when the Portuguese invaded Kerala, and denounced the Nasrani account of Christian faith as false. They imposed their European rituals and liturgy and obliterated the Jewish legacy from the Nasrani tradition. The Portuguese described the Nasranis as Sabbath keeping Judaizers. Archbishop Menezes of Goa, convened the Synod of Diamper in 1599, in Kerala. There he ordered all the texts of the syrian nasranis to be burnt. The Portuguese burned the Gospel of Thomas and t ...

See also:

Syrian Malabar Nasrani, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Origins, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Christian Jewish tradition, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani symbol, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Persecution by Portuguese, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani tradition today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani people today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - List of prominent Nasranis, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Bibliography

Read more here: » Syrian Malabar Nasrani: Encyclopedia II - Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Persecution by Portuguese

Though much of the Jewish tradition was obliterated and wiped out, some of the important traditions lived on. The symbol of the Nasrani people is still the Nasrani menorah based on the Jewish menorah. Other surviving Jewish tradition still followed by the Nasranis is the tradition of Pesah appam. On passover night, the Nasrani people have Pesah-appam (unleavened passover bread) along with Pesah pal (passover coconut milk). This tradition of Pesah appam is observed by the entire Nasrani people until this day. The Knanaya people (a distinct group within the N ...

See also:

Syrian Malabar Nasrani, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Origins, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Christian Jewish tradition, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani symbol, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Persecution by Portuguese, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani tradition today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani people today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - List of prominent Nasranis, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Bibliography

Read more here: » Syrian Malabar Nasrani: Encyclopedia II - Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani tradition today

The symbol of the Nasranis is the Syrian cross, also called as Nasrani Menorah or Mar Thoma kurish in malayalam. It is based on the Jewish menorah, the ancient symbol of the Hebrews, which consists of a branched candle stand for seven candlesticks. In the Nasrani Menorah the six branches, (three on either side of the cross) represents God as the burning bush, while the central branch holds the cross, the dove at the tip of the cross represents the Holy Spirit. In Jewish tradition the central branch is the main branch, from which the other branches or other six candles are lit. Netzer is the Hebrew word for ...

See also:

Syrian Malabar Nasrani, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Origins, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Christian Jewish tradition, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani symbol, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Persecution by Portuguese, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani tradition today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani people today, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - List of prominent Nasranis, Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Bibliography

Read more here: » Syrian Malabar Nasrani: Encyclopedia II - Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Nasrani symbol