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Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens | A Wisdom Archive on Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens A selection of articles related to Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens | |
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Kitchen, Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens, Kitchen - Domestic kitchen planning, Kitchen - Free for all, Kitchen - Industrialization, Kitchen - Kitchens around the world, Kitchen - Other kitchen types, Kitchen - Rationalization, Kitchen - Technicalization, Kitchen - The evolution of the kitchen, Cooking techniques, Cuisine, Food preparation utensils, Hell's Kitchen, Kitchen Computer
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens | |
| | |  Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Kitchen - The evolution of the kitchen
The development of the kitchen has been intricately and intrinsically linked with the development of the cooking range or stove. Until the 18th century, open fire was the sole means of heating food, and the architecture of the kitchen reflected this. When technical advances brought new ways to heat food in the 18th and 19th centuries, architects took advantage of newly-gained flexibility to bring fundamental changes to the kitchen. Water on tap only became gradually available during industrialization; before, water had to be collected from the nearest well and heated in the kitche ...
See also:Kitchen, Kitchen - The evolution of the kitchen, Kitchen - Early history, Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens, Kitchen - Industrialization, Kitchen - Rationalization, Kitchen - Technicalization, Kitchen - Free for all, Kitchen - Domestic kitchen planning, Kitchen - Other kitchen types, Kitchen - Kitchens around the world Read more here: » Kitchen: Encyclopedia II - Kitchen - The evolution of the kitchen |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Kitchen - Domestic kitchen planning Domestic kitchen design per se is a relatively recent discipline. The first ideas to optimize the work in the kitchen go back to Catherine Beecher's A Treatise on Domestic Economy (1843, revised and republished together with her sister Harriet Beecher Stowe as The American Woman's Home in 1869). Beecher's "model kitchen" propagated for the first time a systematic design based on early ergonomics. The design included regular shelves on the walls, ample work space, and dedicated storage areas for various food items. Beecher even separated the functions of preparing food and cooking it altogether by moving ...
See also:Kitchen, Kitchen - The evolution of the kitchen, Kitchen - Early history, Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens, Kitchen - Industrialization, Kitchen - Rationalization, Kitchen - Technicalization, Kitchen - Free for all, Kitchen - Domestic kitchen planning, Kitchen - Other kitchen types, Kitchen - Kitchens around the world Read more here: » Kitchen: Encyclopedia II - Kitchen - Domestic kitchen planning |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Doune Castle - History The castle was largely built at the end of the 14th century by Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany whose brother King Robert III of Scotland became unfit to rule, and from 1388 Albany governed the Kingdom. The King's eldest son, in Albany's custody, died mysteriously in 1402. On Albany's death in 1420 control of the country and the castle passed to his son, Murdoch, but when King James I of Scotland returned in 1424 from captivity in England Murdoch was imprisoned for treason then beheaded.
Doune Castle then became a royal retreat and hunting lodge for ...
See also:Doune Castle, Doune Castle - History, Doune Castle - Doune castle in fiction, Doune Castle - Waverley, Doune Castle - Monty Python and the Holy Grail Read more here: » Doune Castle: Encyclopedia II - Doune Castle - History |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Calypso Calypso, probably derived from a similar West African musical style called kaiso, arose as a means of communication among the slaves; kaiso is still used today as a synonym for calypso in Trinidad and some other islands, often by traditionalists, and is also used as a cry of encouragement for a performer, similar to bravo or olé. Highly rhythmic and harmonic vocals characterized the music, which was most often sung in a French creole and led by a griot. As calypso developed, the role of the griot (originally a si ...
See also:Music of Trinidad and Tobago, Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Calypso, Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Early performers, Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Soca, Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Rapso, Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Brass bands, Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Chutney music, Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Rock music Read more here: » Music of Trinidad and Tobago: Encyclopedia II - Music of Trinidad and Tobago - Calypso |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Soup - Early history The word soup originates from the Teutonic word suppa, which refers to a Medieval dish consisting of a thick stew poured on slices of bread, called sop, used to soak up the liquid. Often described as potages, French onion soup is an example of a modern soup that retains this bread sop.
Thin soups became popular in Europe during the 17th century, when the spoon was invented. The spoon was designed to accommodate the new fashion of wearing ...
See also:Soup, Soup - Potage or pottage, Soup - Early history, Soup - Commercial soup, Soup - Dessert soups, Soup - Fruit soups, Soup - Asian soups, Soup - Traditional regional soups, Soup - Soup as a figure of speech, Soup - Soup in popular culture, Soup - Soup in other languages, Soup - Literary references Read more here: » Soup: Encyclopedia II - Soup - Early history |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - Background With the discovery of gold in Transvaal, thousands of British settlers streamed over the border from the Cape Colony. The city of Johannesburg sprang up as a shanty town nearly overnight as the uitlanders poured in and settled near the mines. The uitlanders rapidly outnumbered the Boers on the Rand, but remained a minority in the Transvaal as a whole. The Afrikaners, nervous and resentful of the uitlanders' presence, denied them voting rights and taxed the gold industry heavily. In response, there was pressure from the uitlanders and ...
See also:Second Boer War, Second Boer War - Background, Second Boer War - First phase: The Boer offensive of October to December 1899, Second Boer War - Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900, Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902, Second Boer War - The concentration camps, Second Boer War - POWs sent overseas, Second Boer War - The end of the war, Second Boer War - Effect of the war on domestic British politics, Second Boer War - Commonwealth involvement, Second Boer War - Australia, Second Boer War - Canada, Second Boer War - New Zealand, Second Boer War - Notes Read more here: » Second Boer War: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - Background |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War - The Second Boer War 1899 - 1902 The first shot actually fired in the war was at Kraipan, a small railway station within the colony, 40 miles south of Mafeking, a train being derailed, and ammunition intended for Colonel Baden-Powell seized. The effect of this was entirely to cut off Mafeking, the northernmost town in Cape Colony, and it remained in a state of siege for over seven months. On 16 October 1899 Kimberley was also isolated. Proclamations by the Transvaal and Free State annexing portions of Cape Colony were actually issued on 18 October, and included British Bech ...
See also:History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War, History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War - The Second Boer War 1899 - 1902, History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War - After the War, History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War - The Jameson Ministry, History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War - Merriman Premier Read more here: » History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War: Encyclopedia II - History of Cape Colony from the Second Anglo-Boer War - The Second Boer War 1899 - 1902 |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - The concentration camps These had originally been set up for refugees whose farms had been destroyed by the British "Scorched Earth" policy (Burning down all Boer homesteads and farms). However, following Kitchener's new policy, many women and children were forcibly moved to prevent the Boers from resupplying at their homes and more camps were built and converted to prisons. This relatively new idea was essentially humane in its planning in London but ultimately proved brutal due to its lack of proper implementation. This was not the first appearance of concentrati ...
See also:Second Boer War, Second Boer War - Background, Second Boer War - First phase: The Boer offensive of October to December 1899, Second Boer War - Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900, Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902, Second Boer War - The concentration camps, Second Boer War - POWs sent overseas, Second Boer War - The end of the war, Second Boer War - Effect of the war on domestic British politics, Second Boer War - Commonwealth involvement, Second Boer War - Australia, Second Boer War - Canada, Second Boer War - New Zealand, Second Boer War - Notes Read more here: » Second Boer War: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - The concentration camps |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902 By September 1900 the British were in control of both Republics, except for the northern part of Transvaal. They however found that they only controlled the ground their columns physically occupied. As soon as the columns left a town or district, British control of that area faded away. The huge territory of the Republics made it impossible for the 250 000 British troops to control it effectively. The vast distances between the columns allowed the Boer commandos considerable freedom to move about. The Boer commanders also decided to ado ...
See also:Second Boer War, Second Boer War - Background, Second Boer War - First phase: The Boer offensive of October to December 1899, Second Boer War - Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900, Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902, Second Boer War - The concentration camps, Second Boer War - POWs sent overseas, Second Boer War - The end of the war, Second Boer War - Effect of the war on domestic British politics, Second Boer War - Commonwealth involvement, Second Boer War - Australia, Second Boer War - Canada, Second Boer War - New Zealand, Second Boer War - Notes Read more here: » Second Boer War: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902 |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902 By September 1900 the British were in control of both Republics, except for the northern part of Transvaal. They however found that they only controlled the ground their columns physically occupied. As soon as the columns left a town or district, British control of that area faded away. The huge territory of the Republics made it impossible for the 250,000 British troops to control it effectively. The vast distances between the columns allowed the Boer commandos considerable freedom to move about. The Boer commanders also decided to adopt a ...
See also:Second Boer War, Second Boer War - Background, Second Boer War - First phase: The Boer offensive of October to December 1899, Second Boer War - Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900, Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902, Second Boer War - The concentration camps, Second Boer War - POWs sent overseas, Second Boer War - The end of the war, Second Boer War - Effect of the war on domestic British politics, Second Boer War - Commonwealth involvement, Second Boer War - Australia, Second Boer War - Canada, Second Boer War - New Zealand, Second Boer War - Notes Read more here: » Second Boer War: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902 |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - POWs sent overseas The first sizable batch of Boer prisoners of war taken by the British consisted of those captured at the battle of Elandslaagte on October 21, 1899. [1] At first many were put on ships. But as numbers grew, the British decided they didn't want them kept locally. The capture of 400 POWs in February 1900 was a key event, which made the British realise they could not accommodate all POWs in South Africa. [2] The British feared they could be freed by sympathetic locals. They already had trouble supplying their own troops in South Africa, and didn't want the added burden of sending supplies for the POW ...
See also:Second Boer War, Second Boer War - Background, Second Boer War - First phase: The Boer offensive of October to December 1899, Second Boer War - Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900, Second Boer War - Third phase: Guerrilla war of September 1900 to May 1902, Second Boer War - The concentration camps, Second Boer War - POWs sent overseas, Second Boer War - The end of the war, Second Boer War - Effect of the war on domestic British politics, Second Boer War - Commonwealth involvement, Second Boer War - Australia, Second Boer War - Canada, Second Boer War - New Zealand, Second Boer War - Notes Read more here: » Second Boer War: Encyclopedia II - Second Boer War - POWs sent overseas |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Roosevelt administration
History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Great Depression and the election of 1932.
The Wall Street stock market crash had ushered in a world-wide financial crisis. In the United States between 1929 and 1933, unemployment soared from 3 percent of the workforce to 25 percent, while manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.
Where it existed, local relief was overwhelmed.
Thrown out of their homes, the unemployed and poor moved into "Hoovervilles".
For many, their next meal was found at a ...
See also:History of the United States 1918-1945, History of the United States 1918-1945 - Red Scare from 1918 to 1921, History of the United States 1918-1945 - Aftermath of World War I, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Roaring Twenties, History of the United States 1918-1945 - Prohibition, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The federal government in the 1920s, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Great Depression, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Roosevelt administration, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Great Depression and the election of 1932, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The First Hundred Days, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The bank holiday and the Emergency Banking Act, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Economy Act, History of the United States 1918-1945 - Farm Programs, History of the United States 1918-1945 - Other initiatives, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The National Industrial Recovery Act NIRA, History of the United States 1918-1945 - Setbacks of Roosevelt's second term, History of the United States 1918-1945 - The recession of 1937 and recovery, History of the United States 1918-1945 - World War II and the end of the Great Depression, History of the United States 1918-1945 - Legacies of the New Deal, History of the United States 1918-1945 - World War II Read more here: » History of the United States 1918-1945: Encyclopedia II - History of the United States 1918-1945 - The Roosevelt administration |
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| | | | Kitchen - Colonial American kitchens: Encyclopedia II - Cookware and bakeware - Non-metallic bakeware Non-metallic bakeware can be used in both conventional and microwave ovens.
Glazed ceramics, such as porcelain, provide a nonstick cooking surface. Unglazed ceramics, such as terra cotta, have a porous surface that can hold water or other liquids during the cooking process.
Borosilicate glass, such as Pyrex, are safe at oven temperatures. The clear glass also allows for the food to be seen during the cooking process.
Glass-ceramics are used to make products such as Corningware, which have many of the best properties of b ...
See also:Cookware and bakeware, Cookware and bakeware - History, Cookware and bakeware - Metal cookware, Cookware and bakeware - Non-metallic bakeware, Cookware and bakeware - Coated and composite cookware, Cookware and bakeware - Types of cookware, Cookware and bakeware - Types of bakeware, Cookware and bakeware - List of cookware and bakeware Read more here: » Cookware and bakeware: Encyclopedia II - Cookware and bakeware - Non-metallic bakeware |
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