Kirghiz SSR

Askar Akayevich Akayev (Аскар Акаевич Акаев) (born November 10, 1944 in Kyzyl-Bairak, Kirghiz SSR) served as President of Kyrgyzstan from 1990 to March 2005, when he was deposed by a popular uprising dubbed the Tulip Revolution. Askar Akayev - Education and early career. Akayev was the youngest of five sons born into a family of collective farm workers. He became a metalworker at a local factory in 1961. He subsequently moved to Leningrad, where he trained as a physicist and graduate ...

Including:

• Askar Akayev - Education and early career
• Askar Akayev - Political career
• Askar Akayev - Protests
• Askar Akayev - 2005 Election controversy
• Askar Akayev - Downfall
• Askar Akayev - Quotes

Read more here: » Askar Akayev: Encyclopedia - Askar Akayev

List of asteroids named after places - Czech Republic. 290 Brunna (Latin name for Brno) 371 Bohemia (Bohemia) 1901 Moravia (Moravia) 1942 Jablunka (Jablunka) 2080 Jihlava (Jihlava) 2081 Sázava (Sázava River) 2123 Vltava (Vltava River) 2199 Kleť (Kleť, a hill) 2321 Lužnice (Lužnice River) 2337 Boubín (Boubín, a hill) 2367 Praha (Prague) 2390 Nežárka (Nežárka River) 2403 Šumava (Šumava)See also:

List of asteroids named after places, List of asteroids named after places - Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Countries of Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Cities of Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Asia, List of asteroids named after places - Japan, List of asteroids named after places - China, List of asteroids named after places - Russia and the former Soviet Union Asia, List of asteroids named after places - Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Czech Republic, List of asteroids named after places - Eastern Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Finland, List of asteroids named after places - France, List of asteroids named after places - Germany, List of asteroids named after places - Italy, List of asteroids named after places - Greece, List of asteroids named after places - The Low Countries, List of asteroids named after places - Russia and the former Soviet Union Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Scandinavia, List of asteroids named after places - Slovakia, List of asteroids named after places - Spain, List of asteroids named after places - Turkey, List of asteroids named after places - United Kingdom, List of asteroids named after places - North America, List of asteroids named after places - Canada, List of asteroids named after places - USA, List of asteroids named after places - Oceania, List of asteroids named after places - Polar regions, List of asteroids named after places - South and Central America, List of asteroids named after places - Fictional places

Read more here: » List of asteroids named after places: Encyclopedia II - List of asteroids named after places - Europe

Originally a caravan rest stop (possibly founded by the Sogdians) on one of the branches of the Silk Road through the Tien Shan range, the location was fortified in 1825 by the Uzbek khan of Kokhand with a mud fort. In 1862, the fort was conquered and razed when Tsarist Russia annexed the area. The site became a Russian garrison and was redeveloped and named Pishpek from 1877 onward by the Russian government, which encouraged the settlement of Russian peasants by giving them fertile black soil farms to develop. In 1926, the city becam ...

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Bishkek, Bishkek - History, Bishkek - Sights, Bishkek - Commerce, Bishkek - Night Life, Bishkek - Shopping, Bishkek - Sister Cities

Read more here: » Bishkek: Encyclopedia II - Bishkek - History

President of Kyrgyzstan - Qualifications. The office of President is open to all citizens of Kyrgyzstan, who are no younger than 35 years of age, and no older than 65 years of age. A candidate must have a command of the state language, and have resided in the Republic for no less than 15 years before the nomination of his or her candidacy for the position. He or she cannot be a deputy of the Jogorku Kenesh (Parliament), occupy other positions or carry out entrepreneurial activities and must suspend activity in political parties and or ...

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President of Kyrgyzstan, President of Kyrgyzstan - Election, President of Kyrgyzstan - Qualifications, President of Kyrgyzstan - Electoral Law, President of Kyrgyzstan - Duties and functions, President of Kyrgyzstan - Impeachment, President of Kyrgyzstan - Succession, President of Kyrgyzstan - Election results, President of Kyrgyzstan - List of Presidents of Kyrgyzstan

Read more here: » President of Kyrgyzstan: Encyclopedia II - President of Kyrgyzstan - Election

The republics played an important role in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, glasnost and perestroika were intended to revive the Soviet Union. However, they had a number of effects which caused the power of the republics to increase. First, political liberalization allowed the governments within the republics to gain legitimacy by invoking democracy, nationalism or a combination of both. In addition, liberalization led to fractures within the party hierarchy which reduced Soviet control over the republics. Finally, p ...

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Republics of the Soviet Union, Republics of the Soviet Union - The Republics and the Collapse of the Soviet Union, Republics of the Soviet Union - Soviet Union in its final state, Republics of the Soviet Union - Soviet Republics, Republics of the Soviet Union - Independent Countries, Republics of the Soviet Union - Sorted by region, Republics of the Soviet Union - Other Soviet republics, Republics of the Soviet Union - Timeline

Read more here: » Republics of the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Republics of the Soviet Union - The Republics and the Collapse of the Soviet Union

Second Chechen War - War crimes. Russian officials and Chechen rebels have regularly and repeatedly accused the opposing side of committing various war crimes including murder, rape, and assorted other breaches of the laws of war. International and humanitarian organizations (including the Council of Europe and Amnesty International) have criticized both sides of the conflict for blatant and sustained violations of humanitarian law. One of the earliest war crimes trials to be held was that of Salman Raduyev, a field commander for the rebel Chechen forces. He was co ...

See also:

Second Chechen War, Second Chechen War - Historical basis for conflict, Second Chechen War - Immediate causes, Second Chechen War - Terrorist activity in 1996-1999, Second Chechen War - Conflict in Dagestan, Second Chechen War - Bombings in Russia, Second Chechen War - War, Second Chechen War - Grozny, Second Chechen War - Guerilla war, Second Chechen War - Restoration of government, Second Chechen War - Direct rule, Second Chechen War - Constitution, Second Chechen War - 2003 Elections, Second Chechen War - 2005 Elections, Second Chechen War - Continuing tension, Second Chechen War - War crimes, Second Chechen War - Assassinations, Second Chechen War - Hostage takings, Second Chechen War - Ceasefire?, Second Chechen War - Influence on Russian politics, Second Chechen War - Early conflict, Second Chechen War - Election of Putin, Second Chechen War - Hearts and minds

Read more here: » Second Chechen War: Encyclopedia II - Second Chechen War - Continuing tension

List of flags - A. Flag of Afghanistan - Flag of Albania - Flag of Algeria - Flag of American Samoa - Flag of Andorra - Flag of Angola - Flag of Anguilla - Flag of Antarctica - Flag of Antigua and Barbuda - Flag of Argentina - Flag of Armenia - Flag of Aruba - Flag of Australia - Flag of Austria - Flag of Azerbaijan - List of ...

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List of flags, List of flags - National flags, List of flags - A, List of flags - B, List of flags - C, List of flags - D, List of flags - E, List of flags - F, List of flags - G, List of flags - H, List of flags - I, List of flags - J, List of flags - K, List of flags - L, List of flags - M, List of flags - N, List of flags - O, List of flags - P, List of flags - Q, List of flags - R, List of flags - S, List of flags - T, List of flags - U, List of flags - V, List of flags - W, List of flags - Y, List of flags - Z, List of flags - Regional flags, List of flags - Australian states and territories, List of flags - Austrian states, List of flags - Regions communities and provinces of Belgium, List of flags - Regions and communities, List of flags - Provinces, List of flags - Brazilian states, List of flags - Canadian provinces and territories, List of flags - Provinces and territories, List of flags - Other, List of flags - Regions of England, List of flags - Regions of France, List of flags - Overseas regions, List of flags - German State flags, List of flags - Greek region of Macedonia, List of flags - Regions of Ireland, List of flags - Regions of Italy, List of flags - Provinces of the Netherlands, List of flags - Regions of Russia, List of flags - Russian republics, List of flags - Russian Krais, List of flags - Russian Oblasts, List of flags - Russian Federal cities, List of flags - Russian Autonomous oblasts, List of flags - Russian Autonomous districts, List of flags - Regions of Scotland, List of flags - States of Serbia and Montenegro, List of flags - Autonomous communities of Spain, List of flags - Cantons of Switzerland, List of flags - Subdivisions of the United Kingdom, List of flags - Constituencies, List of flags - Overseas territories, List of flags - Crown depencies, List of flags - U.S. States, List of flags - U.S. states, List of flags - Insular areas and the Federal District, List of flags - Other flags, List of flags - Historical flags, List of flags - Yugoslav Socialist Republic flags, List of flags - Soviet Republic flags, List of flags - Italian flags, List of flags - Other historical or otherwise, List of flags - Flags and Flag concepts of New Zealand, List of flags - Flags of the United States Armed Forces, List of flags - Political flags, List of flags - Religious flags, List of flags - City flags, List of flags - International flags, List of flags - Language flags, List of flags - Cultural flags, List of flags - Planets flags

Read more here: » List of flags: Encyclopedia II - List of flags - National flags

Akayev was the youngest of five sons born into a family of collective farm workers. He became a metalworker at a local factory in 1961. He subsequently moved to Leningrad, where he trained as a physicist and graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Precision Mechanics and Optics in 1967 with an honors degree in mathematics, engineering and computer science. He stayed at the institute until 1976, working as a senior researcher and teacher. In Leningrad he met and in 1970 married Mairam Akayeva with whom he now has two sons and two daughters. ...

See also:

Askar Akayev, Askar Akayev - Education and early career, Askar Akayev - Political career, Askar Akayev - Protests, Askar Akayev - 2005 Election controversy, Askar Akayev - Downfall, Askar Akayev - Quotes

Read more here: » Askar Akayev: Encyclopedia II - Askar Akayev - Education and early career

The Ferghana valley was probably inhabited by Sogdians during the 1st millennium BC, but little more is known about this period. Fergana Valley - Hellenistic settlement. In 329 BC, Alexander the Great founded a Greek settlement with the city of Alexandria Eschate "The Furthest", in the southwestern part of the Ferghana valley, on the southern bank of the river Syr Darya (ancient Jaxartes), at the location of the modern ci ...

See also:

Fergana Valley, Fergana Valley - Geography and geology, Fergana Valley - Climate, Fergana Valley - History, Fergana Valley - Hellenistic settlement, Fergana Valley - Interaction with China, Fergana Valley - Islamization, Fergana Valley - Russian Empire, Fergana Valley - The Soviet Period and After, Fergana Valley - Agriculture, Fergana Valley - Industry, Fergana Valley - Trade, Fergana Valley - Transportation, Fergana Valley - Demography, Fergana Valley - Administrative divisions, Fergana Valley - Sources & Further Reading

Read more here: » Fergana Valley: Encyclopedia II - Fergana Valley - History

Republics of the Soviet Union - Soviet Republics. Armenian SSR Azerbaijan SSR Byelorussian SSR Estonian SSR Georgian SSR Kazakh SSR Kirghiz SSR Latvian SSR Lithuanian SSR Moldavian SSR Russian SFSR Tajik SSR Turkmen SSR Ukrainian SSR Uzbek SSR Republics of the Soviet Union - Independent Countries. Armenia Azerbaijan BelarusSee also:

Republics of the Soviet Union, Republics of the Soviet Union - The Republics and the Collapse of the Soviet Union, Republics of the Soviet Union - Soviet Union in its final state, Republics of the Soviet Union - Soviet Republics, Republics of the Soviet Union - Independent Countries, Republics of the Soviet Union - Sorted by region, Republics of the Soviet Union - Other Soviet republics, Republics of the Soviet Union - Timeline

Read more here: » Republics of the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Republics of the Soviet Union - Soviet Union in its final state

Akayev had promised to step down from office when his final term expired in 2005, but the possibility of a dynastical succession had been raised. His son Aidar Akayev and his daughter Bermet Akayeva were candidates in the 2005 legislative election, and it was widely suspected that he was going to retain either de facto power by arranging for the election of a close supporter or relative, or perhaps even by abrogation of the term limit provision in the constitution and remaining in ...

See also:

Askar Akayev, Askar Akayev - Education and early career, Askar Akayev - Political career, Askar Akayev - Protests, Askar Akayev - 2005 Election controversy, Askar Akayev - Downfall, Askar Akayev - Quotes

Read more here: » Askar Akayev: Encyclopedia II - Askar Akayev - 2005 Election controversy

On March 24, 2005, protesters stormed the presidential compound in Bishkek and seized control of the seat of state power after clashing with riot police during a large opposition rally. Opposition supporters also seized control of key cities and towns in the south to press demands that Akayev step down. That day, Akayev fled the country with his family, reportedly escaping first to Kazakhstan and then to Russia. Russian president Vladimir Putin invited Akayev to stay in the country. There were early reports that he had tendered his re ...

See also:

Askar Akayev, Askar Akayev - Education and early career, Askar Akayev - Political career, Askar Akayev - Protests, Askar Akayev - 2005 Election controversy, Askar Akayev - Downfall, Askar Akayev - Quotes

Read more here: » Askar Akayev: Encyclopedia II - Askar Akayev - Downfall

The Russian Terek Cossack Host was established in lowland Chechnya in 1577 by free Cossacks resettled from Volga to Terek River. In 1783 Russia and the eastern Georgian kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, according to which Kartl-Kakheti received protection by Russia. In order to secure communications with Georgia and other regions of the Transcaucasia the Russian Empire began spreading her influence into mountains of Caucasus. The Caucasus War was started in 1817. Russian forces first moved into highland Chechnya in 18 ...

See also:

Second Chechen War, Second Chechen War - Historical basis for conflict, Second Chechen War - Immediate causes, Second Chechen War - Terrorist activity in 1996-1999, Second Chechen War - Conflict in Dagestan, Second Chechen War - Bombings in Russia, Second Chechen War - War, Second Chechen War - Grozny, Second Chechen War - Guerilla war, Second Chechen War - Restoration of government, Second Chechen War - Direct rule, Second Chechen War - Constitution, Second Chechen War - 2003 Elections, Second Chechen War - 2005 Elections, Second Chechen War - Continuing tension, Second Chechen War - War crimes, Second Chechen War - Assassinations, Second Chechen War - Hostage takings, Second Chechen War - Ceasefire?, Second Chechen War - Influence on Russian politics, Second Chechen War - Early conflict, Second Chechen War - Election of Putin, Second Chechen War - Hearts and minds

Read more here: » Second Chechen War: Encyclopedia II - Second Chechen War - Historical basis for conflict

Second Chechen War - Terrorist activity in 1996-1999. Not looking at signing of peace agreements of Khasavyurt terrorist activity of the Chechen forces in boundary Russian territories proceeded. On November 16, 1996 Chechen terrorists had been blew up an apartment house in Kaspiysk (Dagestan), 69 persons, basically members of families of frontier guards, died. On April 23, 1997 bomb has blown up in the Russian railway station of Armavir, 3 persons died. May 28, 1997. Explosion in the R ...

See also:

Second Chechen War, Second Chechen War - Historical basis for conflict, Second Chechen War - Immediate causes, Second Chechen War - Terrorist activity in 1996-1999, Second Chechen War - Conflict in Dagestan, Second Chechen War - Bombings in Russia, Second Chechen War - War, Second Chechen War - Grozny, Second Chechen War - Guerilla war, Second Chechen War - Restoration of government, Second Chechen War - Direct rule, Second Chechen War - Constitution, Second Chechen War - 2003 Elections, Second Chechen War - 2005 Elections, Second Chechen War - Continuing tension, Second Chechen War - War crimes, Second Chechen War - Assassinations, Second Chechen War - Hostage takings, Second Chechen War - Ceasefire?, Second Chechen War - Influence on Russian politics, Second Chechen War - Early conflict, Second Chechen War - Election of Putin, Second Chechen War - Hearts and minds

Read more here: » Second Chechen War: Encyclopedia II - Second Chechen War - Immediate causes

The first wave of demonstrations took place in mid-March 2002. Azimbek Beknazarov, a member of parliament accused of abuse of power, was due to attend trial taking place in Jalal-Abad. Over 2,000 demonstrators marched on the town where the proceedings were to take place. According to eye-witnesses, police ordered the demonstrators to stop and gave them fifteen minutes to disperse, yet opened fire before this time elapsed. Five men were shot dead; another was killed on the next day. 61 people were injur ...

See also:

Askar Akayev, Askar Akayev - Education and early career, Askar Akayev - Political career, Askar Akayev - Protests, Askar Akayev - 2005 Election controversy, Askar Akayev - Downfall, Askar Akayev - Quotes

Read more here: » Askar Akayev: Encyclopedia II - Askar Akayev - Protests

Second Chechen War - Direct rule. Russian President Vladimir Putin reestablished formal, direct Russian rule of Chechnya in May 2000. The following month, Putin appointed Akhmat Kadyrov interim head of the local government. Second Chechen War - Constitution. On March 23, 2003, a new Chechen constitution was passed in a referendum. The 2003 Constitution granted the Chechen Republic a significant degree of autonomy, but still tied it firmly to the Russian Federation and Moscow's ...

See also:

Second Chechen War, Second Chechen War - Historical basis for conflict, Second Chechen War - Immediate causes, Second Chechen War - Terrorist activity in 1996-1999, Second Chechen War - Conflict in Dagestan, Second Chechen War - Bombings in Russia, Second Chechen War - War, Second Chechen War - Grozny, Second Chechen War - Guerilla war, Second Chechen War - Restoration of government, Second Chechen War - Direct rule, Second Chechen War - Constitution, Second Chechen War - 2003 Elections, Second Chechen War - 2005 Elections, Second Chechen War - Continuing tension, Second Chechen War - War crimes, Second Chechen War - Assassinations, Second Chechen War - Hostage takings, Second Chechen War - Ceasefire?, Second Chechen War - Influence on Russian politics, Second Chechen War - Early conflict, Second Chechen War - Election of Putin, Second Chechen War - Hearts and minds

Read more here: » Second Chechen War: Encyclopedia II - Second Chechen War - Restoration of government

In late September of 1999, the Russian military began bombing targets within Chechnya. Ground troops followed soon after. In response, martial law was declared and all eligible men were conscripted. President Maskhadov declared a gazawat (holy war) to face the approaching Russians. Second Chechen War - Grozny. Hoping to avoid the significant casualties which plagued the First Chechnen War, the Russians advanced slowly and in force. The Russian military made extensive use of artillery and bombs in an ...

See also:

Second Chechen War, Second Chechen War - Historical basis for conflict, Second Chechen War - Immediate causes, Second Chechen War - Terrorist activity in 1996-1999, Second Chechen War - Conflict in Dagestan, Second Chechen War - Bombings in Russia, Second Chechen War - War, Second Chechen War - Grozny, Second Chechen War - Guerilla war, Second Chechen War - Restoration of government, Second Chechen War - Direct rule, Second Chechen War - Constitution, Second Chechen War - 2003 Elections, Second Chechen War - 2005 Elections, Second Chechen War - Continuing tension, Second Chechen War - War crimes, Second Chechen War - Assassinations, Second Chechen War - Hostage takings, Second Chechen War - Ceasefire?, Second Chechen War - Influence on Russian politics, Second Chechen War - Early conflict, Second Chechen War - Election of Putin, Second Chechen War - Hearts and minds

Read more here: » Second Chechen War: Encyclopedia II - Second Chechen War - War

List of asteroids named after places - Canada. 6714 Montréal (Montréal, Québec) 96192 Calgary (Calgary, Alberta) 96193 Edmonton (Edmonton, Alberta) List of asteroids named after places - USA. 334 Chicago (Chicago) 341 California (California) 484 Pittsburghia (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) 508 Princetonia (Princeton University) 516 Amherstia (Amherst College, Massachusetts) 736 Harvard (Harvard Univ ...

See also:

List of asteroids named after places, List of asteroids named after places - Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Countries of Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Cities of Africa, List of asteroids named after places - Asia, List of asteroids named after places - Japan, List of asteroids named after places - China, List of asteroids named after places - Russia and the former Soviet Union Asia, List of asteroids named after places - Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Czech Republic, List of asteroids named after places - Eastern Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Finland, List of asteroids named after places - France, List of asteroids named after places - Germany, List of asteroids named after places - Italy, List of asteroids named after places - Greece, List of asteroids named after places - The Low Countries, List of asteroids named after places - Russia and the former Soviet Union Europe, List of asteroids named after places - Scandinavia, List of asteroids named after places - Slovakia, List of asteroids named after places - Spain, List of asteroids named after places - Turkey, List of asteroids named after places - United Kingdom, List of asteroids named after places - North America, List of asteroids named after places - Canada, List of asteroids named after places - USA, List of asteroids named after places - Oceania, List of asteroids named after places - Polar regions, List of asteroids named after places - South and Central America, List of asteroids named after places - Fictional places

Read more here: » List of asteroids named after places: Encyclopedia II - List of asteroids named after places - North America

The most important part of the province is a rich and fertile valley, in an altitude of 1200 to 1500 ft (400 to 500 m), opening towards the southwest. The valley owes its fertility to two rivers, the Naryn and the Kara Darya, which unite in the valley, near Namangan, to form the Syr Darya. These streams, and their numerous mountain affluents, not only supply water for irrigation, but also bring down vast quantities of sand, which is deposited alongside their courses, more especially alongside the Syr Darya where it cuts its way through the K ...

See also:

Fergana Valley, Fergana Valley - Geography and geology, Fergana Valley - Climate, Fergana Valley - History, Fergana Valley - Hellenistic settlement, Fergana Valley - Interaction with China, Fergana Valley - Islamization, Fergana Valley - Russian Empire, Fergana Valley - The Soviet Period and After, Fergana Valley - Agriculture, Fergana Valley - Industry, Fergana Valley - Trade, Fergana Valley - Transportation, Fergana Valley - Demography, Fergana Valley - Administrative divisions, Fergana Valley - Sources & Further Reading

Read more here: » Fergana Valley: Encyclopedia II - Fergana Valley - Geography and geology

In Tsarist times, out of some 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km²) of cultivated land, about two thirds were under constant irrigation and the remaining third under partial irrigation. The soil was considered by the author of the 1911 Britannica article to be admirably cultivated, the principal crops having been wheat, rice, barley, maize, millet, lucerne, tobacco, vegetables and fruit. Gardening was conducted with a high degree of skill and success. Large numbers of horses, cattle and sheep were kept, and a good many camels are bred. Over 1 ...

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Fergana Valley, Fergana Valley - Geography and geology, Fergana Valley - Climate, Fergana Valley - History, Fergana Valley - Hellenistic settlement, Fergana Valley - Interaction with China, Fergana Valley - Islamization, Fergana Valley - Russian Empire, Fergana Valley - The Soviet Period and After, Fergana Valley - Agriculture, Fergana Valley - Industry, Fergana Valley - Trade, Fergana Valley - Transportation, Fergana Valley - Demography, Fergana Valley - Administrative divisions, Fergana Valley - Sources & Further Reading

Read more here: » Fergana Valley: Encyclopedia II - Fergana Valley - Agriculture