Kings of Romania

Known rather for his romantic misadventures than for any leadership skills, Carol (Romanian for "Charles") was first married in Odessa, Ukraine, 31 August 1918, in contravention of royal law, to Joanna Marie Valentina Lambrino, ("Zizi" Lambrino) (1898–1953), daughter of a Romanian general; they had one son, Mircea Gregor Carol Lambrino, and the marriage was annulled by royal decree in 1919. He next married, in Athens, Greece, (10 March 1921), Princess Helen of Greece and Denmark, in Romania Crown Princess Elena, but the marriage soon colla ...

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Carol II of Romania, Carol II of Romania - The playboy king, Carol II of Romania - Rule, Carol II of Romania - Exile, Carol II of Romania - His remains returned to Romania, Carol II of Romania - Foreign Honors

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A regency functioned on behalf of the 5-year-old Michael, but in 1930 Carol II suddenly returned to the country at the invitation of politicians dissatisfied with the regency, and had himself proclaimed King, designating Michael as Crown Prince. In September 1940 the pro-German régime of Marshal Ion Antonescu staged a coup against Carol, whom it considered anti-German. Antonescu had Michael proclaimed King, but as an 18-year-old he could not exercise any authority and served as a figurehead for the Antonescu regime. He already had a reputation for taciturnity. He once said to his grandmother, "I have learned not to say wha ...

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Michael I of Romania, Michael I of Romania - Early life, Michael I of Romania - Rule, Michael I of Romania - Life after the throne, Michael I of Romania - Political positions

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Michael has not encouraged monarchist agitation in Romania, and royalist parties have made little impact in post-Communist Romanian politics. He takes the view that the restoration of the monarchy in Romania can only result from a decision by the Romanian people. "If the people want me to come back, of course, I will come back," he said in 1990. But, he said, "Romanians have had enough suffering impos ...

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Michael I of Romania, Michael I of Romania - Early life, Michael I of Romania - Rule, Michael I of Romania - Life after the throne, Michael I of Romania - Political positions

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Returning to the country unexpectedly on 7 June 1930, Carol was proclaimed King the following day. For the next decade he sought to influence the course of Romanian political life, first through manipulation of the rival Peasant and Liberal parties and anti-Semitic factions, and subsequently (January 1938) through a ministry of his own choosing, with a constitution (27 February) reserving ultimate power to the crown. In 1938, he banned the Iron Guard, which he early supported in the 1930s. An excellent fictionalized account of life in Bucharest in the final years of Carol's reign can be found in Olivia Manning's novels The G ...

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Carol II of Romania, Carol II of Romania - The playboy king, Carol II of Romania - Rule, Carol II of Romania - Exile, Carol II of Romania - His remains returned to Romania, Carol II of Romania - Foreign Honors

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Forced under first Soviet and subsequently Hungarian, Bulgarian, Italian and German pressure to surrender parts of his kingdom to foreign rule, he was outmanoevred at last by the pro-German administration of Marshal Ion Antonescu, and abdicated in favour of Michael, settling ultimately in Portugal. Carol left Romania in a train laden with royal treasure: paintings by Old Masters such as Titian, Rubens, and Rembrandt, hundreds of canvasses, jewels, the armor that had decorated the walls of the royal palaces of Pelişor and Peleş. A de ...

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Carol II of Romania, Carol II of Romania - The playboy king, Carol II of Romania - Rule, Carol II of Romania - Exile, Carol II of Romania - His remains returned to Romania, Carol II of Romania - Foreign Honors

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Michael settled in Britain, later he lived in Switzerland, and in June 1948 he married Anne of Bourbon-Parma, with whom he has five daughters. The Romanian authorities stripped him of his Romanian citizenship in 1948. He became a commercial pilot and worked for an aircraft equipment company. In 1992, three years after the revolution which overthrew the Communist regime in Romania, the new Romanian government allowed Michael to return to Romania for Easter celebrations, where he drew large crowds. In Bucharest over a mill ...

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Michael I of Romania, Michael I of Romania - Early life, Michael I of Romania - Rule, Michael I of Romania - Life after the throne, Michael I of Romania - Political positions

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The UK awarded Carol the Order of the Garter. ...

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Carol II of Romania, Carol II of Romania - The playboy king, Carol II of Romania - Rule, Carol II of Romania - Exile, Carol II of Romania - His remains returned to Romania, Carol II of Romania - Foreign Honors

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Returning to the country unexpectedly on 7 June 1930, Carol was proclaimed King the following day. For the next decade he sought to influence the course of Romanian political life, first through manipulation of the rival Peasant and Liberal parties and anti-Semitic factions, and subsequently (January 1938) through a ministry of his own choosing, with a constitution (27 February) reserving ultimate power to the crown. In 1938, he banned the Iron Guard, which he had supported in the 1930s. An excellent fictionalized account of life in Bucharest in the final years of Carol's reign can be found in Olivia Manning's novels The G ...

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Carol II of Romania, Carol II of Romania - The playboy king, Carol II of Romania - Rule, Carol II of Romania - Exile, Carol II of Romania - His remains returned to Romania, Carol II of Romania - Foreign Honors

Read more here: » Carol II of Romania: Encyclopedia II - Carol II of Romania - Rule

Main article: History of Romania In 513 BC, south of the Danube, the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by Darius during his campaign against the Scythians (Herodotus IV.93). Over half a millennium later, the Getae (also named Daci by Romans) were defeated by the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan in two campaigns stretching from 101 to 106, and the core of their kingdom was turned into the Roman province of Dacia. The Gothic and Carpic campaigns in the Balkans during 238–256 forced the Roman Empire to reorganize a new Roman province of Dacia south of Dan ...

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Romania, Romania - Name, Romania - History, Romania - Romanian heads of state from the Unification of 1859, Romania - Politics, Romania - Administrative divisions, Romania - Geography, Romania - Largest cities, Romania - Economy, Romania - Trade, Romania - Taxation, Romania - Debt, Romania - Wages, Romania - Currency, Romania - National Budget, Romania - National Holidays, Romania - Sport in Romania, Romania - Demographics, Romania - Ethnicity, Romania - Language, Romania - Religion, Romania - Culture, Romania - Miscellaneous topics, Romania - Gallery, Romania - International rankings

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Main article: History of Romania In 513 BC, south of the Danube, the tribal confederation of the Getae were defeated by Darius during his campaign against the Scythians (Herodotus IV.93). Over half a millennium later, the Getae (also named Daci by Romans) were defeated by the Roman Empire under Emperor Trajan in two campaigns stretching from 101 to 106, and the core of their kingdom was turned into the Roman province of Dacia. The Gothic and Carpic campaigns in the Balkans during 238–256 forced the Roman Empire to reorganize ...

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Romania, Romania - Name, Romania - History, Romania - Romanian heads of state from the Unification of 1859, Romania - Politics, Romania - Administrative divisions, Romania - Geography, Romania - Largest cities, Romania - Economy, Romania - Trade, Romania - Taxation, Romania - Debt, Romania - Wages, Romania - Currency, Romania - National Budget, Romania - National Holidays, Romania - Sport in Romania, Romania - Demographics, Romania - Ethnicity, Romania - Language, Romania - Religion, Romania - Culture, Romania - Miscellaneous topics, Romania - Gallery, Romania - International rankings

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See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt An ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Main article: Kingdom of Romania History of Romania - The Old Kingdom. In 1866, the German prince Carol I (Charles or Karl) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was appointed as Domnitor of the Principality of Romania, to end the rivalry and struggle for the seat of power by the Romanian boyar factions. In 1877, Romania declared independence from the Ottoman Empire and, following a Russian-Romanian-Turkish war, its independence was recognized by the Treaty of Berlin, 1878, making it the first independent nat ...

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History of Romania, History of Romania - Dacia, History of Romania - Romania in the Middle Ages, History of Romania - National awakening of Romania, History of Romania - Kingdom of Romania, History of Romania - The Old Kingdom, History of Romania - Greater Romania România Mare, History of Romania - Romania during World War II, History of Romania - Communist Romania, History of Romania - Romania since 1989, History of Romania - Romanian rulers

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See also: List of national leaders (in office), state leaders by year. Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa. Algeria Heads of state of Algeria Heads of government of Algeria (see also: Prime Ministers of Algeria with information specific to that post) Colonial heads of Algeria Colonial heads of Oran Rulers of Kel Ahaggar Rulers of Qusantina (Constantine) Rulers of Tuggurt ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Another branch of the Hohenzollerns, actually the dynastically senior line, the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringens, were also important landowners in pre-German-Empire Germany, and later were the princes (1866–1881) and kings (1881–1947) of Romania. French opposition to their candidacy for the throne of Spain led to the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) and the founding (January 1871) of the German Empire. Kings of Romania (Princes to 1881) Carol I (1881–1914; Prince 1866–1881) Ferdinand (1914–1927) ...

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Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern - Electors of Brandenburg, Hohenzollern - Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Hohenzollern - Margraves of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Hohenzollern - Dukes of Prussia, Hohenzollern - Kings of Prussia, Hohenzollern - German Emperors

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Lists of office-holders - Ancient world. Akkad Kings of Akkad Gutian kings Assyria Kings of Assyria Athens King of Athens Archons of Athens Axumite Kingdom Kings of Axum Babylon Kings of Babylon Bithynia Kings of Bithynia British Isles Great Britain Legendary Kings of the Britons Roman ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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See also international organization leaders by year. President of the European Commission United Nations Secretary-General United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees International Monetary Fund Managing Directors Director-General of the World Trade Organization NATO Secretaries General FIFA presidents International Olympic Committee Presidents See also:

Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Middle East & North Africa, Lists of office-holders - Other Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Other Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Main article: Romania since 1989 Presidential and parliamentary elections were held on May 20, 1990. Running against representatives of the pre-war National Peasants' Party and National Liberal Party, and taking advantage of FSN's tight control of the national radio and television, Iliescu won 85% of the vote. The FSN secured two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. A university professor with strong family roots in the Communist Party, Petre Roman, was named Prime Minister of the new government, which consisted mainly of former communist offici ...

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History of Romania, History of Romania - Dacia, History of Romania - Romania in the Middle Ages, History of Romania - National awakening of Romania, History of Romania - Kingdom of Romania, History of Romania - The Old Kingdom, History of Romania - Greater Romania România Mare, History of Romania - Romania during World War II, History of Romania - Communist Romania, History of Romania - Romania since 1989, History of Romania - Romanian rulers

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Main article: Romania during World War II As a result, in 1940, Romania lost territory in both east and west: In June 1940, after issuing an ultimatum to Romania, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. Two thirds of Bessarabia were combined with a small part of USSR to form the Moldavian SSR. Northern Bukovina and Budjak were apportioned to the Ukrainian SSR. In August 1940, Northern Transylvania was awarded to H ...

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History of Romania, History of Romania - Dacia, History of Romania - Romania in the Middle Ages, History of Romania - National awakening of Romania, History of Romania - Kingdom of Romania, History of Romania - The Old Kingdom, History of Romania - Greater Romania România Mare, History of Romania - Romania during World War II, History of Romania - Communist Romania, History of Romania - Romania since 1989, History of Romania - Romanian rulers

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Main article: Communist Romania Soviet occupation following WWII led to the formation of a communist Peoples' Republic in 1947 and the abdication of king Michael, who went into exile. In the early 1960s, Romania's communist government began to assert some independence from the Soviet Union. Ceauşescu became head of the Communist Party in 1965 and head of state in 1967. Ceauşescu's denunciation of the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and a brief relaxation in internal repression helped give him a positive image bo ...

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History of Romania, History of Romania - Dacia, History of Romania - Romania in the Middle Ages, History of Romania - National awakening of Romania, History of Romania - Kingdom of Romania, History of Romania - The Old Kingdom, History of Romania - Greater Romania România Mare, History of Romania - Romania during World War II, History of Romania - Communist Romania, History of Romania - Romania since 1989, History of Romania - Romanian rulers

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Image:Catalinaponor.jpg Romania is successful in a number of sports at international level. See also List of Romanians (sport section). The gymnast Nadia Comaneci was the first gymnast to score a perfect ten in Olympic competition (1976 Montreal Olympic Games). She also won three gold medals, one silver and one bronze - all at the age of fourteen. Her success continued in the 1980 Moscow Olympics when she was aw ...

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Romania, Romania - Name, Romania - History, Romania - Romanian heads of state from the Unification of 1859, Romania - Politics, Romania - Administrative divisions, Romania - Geography, Romania - Largest cities, Romania - Economy, Romania - Trade, Romania - Taxation, Romania - Debt, Romania - Wages, Romania - Currency, Romania - National Budget, Romania - National Holidays, Romania - Sport in Romania, Romania - Demographics, Romania - Ethnicity, Romania - Language, Romania - Religion, Romania - Culture, Romania - Miscellaneous topics, Romania - Gallery, Romania - International rankings

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