The controversy whether or not ancient Macedonia should be considered a Hellenic state is addressed variously: based on ancient sources, and on linguistic evidence. Neither approach is conclusive, Herodotus seems to assert that the Macedonian aristocracy was of Achaean origin while Macedonian people were of Dorian stock. Linguistics seems to point inconclusively to either Macedonian as an archaic form of Greek, Macedonian as part of a Graeco-Macedonian subfamily of Indo-European, or Macedonian as an in ...

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Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

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Basileus (Greek Βασιλεύς) means "king". It is perhaps best known in English as a title used by Byzantine monarchs, but also has a longer history of use in Ancient Greece. Basileus - Etymology. The etymology of "basileus" is unclear. The Mycenaean form was gwasileus (qa-si-re-u), denoting some sort of court official or local "boss", but not an actual king. Most linguists assume that it is a non-Greek word that was adopted by Bronze Age Greeks from a preexisting linguistic substra ...

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• Basileus - Etymology
• Basileus - Ancient Greece
• Basileus - Alexander the Great
• Basileus - Byzantines
• Basileus - External link

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Under Philip II, (359-336 BC), Macedon expanded into the territory of the Paionians, Thracians, and Illyrians. This brought into its orbit the Monastir (now Bitola) and Gevgelija districts of what is now the Republic of Macedonia. Macedon became more politically involved with the south-central city-states of Ancient Greece, but it also retained more archaic features like the palace-culture, first at Aegae (modern Vergina) then at Pella, resembling Mycenaean culture more than classic Hellenic city-states, and other archaic customs, like Philip's multiple wives in addition to his Epirote ...

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Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

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The first Macedonian state emerged 8th or early 7th century BC under the Argead Dynasty, when the Macedonians are said to have migrated to the region from further west. Their first king is recorded as Perdiccas I. Around the time of Alexander I of Macedon, the Macedonians started to expand into Eordaia, Bottiaea, Pieria, Mygdonia, and Almopia. Near the modern city of Edessa, Perdiccas I (or, more likely, his son, Argaeus I) b ...

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Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

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See main article: Ancient Macedonian language. The language spoken by the area's inhabitants prior to the 5th century BC, and continued into the early centuries of the Common Era by the rural population, is attested in some hundred words from various glosses (mainly those of Hesychius of Alexandria, 5th century AD), as well as placenames and personal names. The majority of these words can be confidently identified as Greek, and the language was either closely related to Greek, or perhaps even a dialect of Greek. There are words, however, that are not easily identifiable as Greek, a number of which for example show voiced stops ...

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Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

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The first written instance of this word is found on the baked clay tablets discovered in excavations of Mycenaean palaces originally destroyed by fire. The tablets are dated from the 15th century BC to the 11th century BC. They were inscribed with the Linear B script, which was deciphered by Michael Ventris in 1952 and corresponds to a very early form of Greek. The word "basileus" is written as "qa-si-re-u" and its original meaning was "chieftain" (in one particular tablet the chieftain of the guild of bronzesmiths is referred to as " ...

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Basileus, Basileus - Etymology, Basileus - Ancient Greece, Basileus - Alexander the Great, Basileus - Byzantines, Basileus - External link

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At the time of the Byzantine Empire, "basileus" assumed the meaning of "emperor" and was used by the Byzantine Emperors from the reign of Justinian II onwards, when official usage of Latin in coinage and state documents was gradually replaced by Greek. This use of the word was new — when the Romans had originally conquered the Mediterranean, the imperial title "Caesar Augustus" was initially translated as "Kaisar Sebastos", and later Hellenized to "Kaisar Augoustos". "Imperator", another imperial title, was translated as "Autokrator ...

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Basileus, Basileus - Etymology, Basileus - Ancient Greece, Basileus - Alexander the Great, Basileus - Byzantines, Basileus - External link

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Lists of office-holders - Ancient world. Akkad Kings of Akkad Gutian kings Assyria Kings of Assyria Athens King of Athens Archons of Athens Axumite Kingdom Kings of Axum Babylon Kings of Babylon Bithynia Kings of Bithynia British Isles Great Britain Legendary Kings of the Britons Roman ...

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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Lists of office-holders, Lists of office-holders - Heads of international organizations, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government defunct entities, Lists of office-holders - Ancient world, Lists of office-holders - Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, Lists of office-holders - Heads of state or government modern entities, Lists of office-holders - Africa, Lists of office-holders - America Central and the Caribbean, Lists of office-holders - America North, Lists of office-holders - America South, Lists of office-holders - Asia, Lists of office-holders - Oceania, Lists of office-holders - Europe, Lists of office-holders - Middle East, Lists of office-holders - Heads of modern subnational entities, Lists of office-holders - Australia, Lists of office-holders - Belgium, Lists of office-holders - Canada, Lists of office-holders - China People's Republic of, Lists of office-holders - Finland, Lists of office-holders - France, Lists of office-holders - Germany, Lists of office-holders - India, Lists of office-holders - New Zealand, Lists of office-holders - Sweden, Lists of office-holders - United States, Lists of office-holders - Ministers by portfolio, Lists of office-holders - Municipal leaders, Lists of office-holders - Religious leaders, Lists of office-holders - Christian, Lists of office-holders - Judaism, Lists of office-holders - Islam, Lists of office-holders - Buddhist, Lists of office-holders - Ancient Rome

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