Khoisan language

!Xóõ is a Khoisan language with a very large number of phonemes, the most of any known language. These include many clicks and vowel phonations. !Xóõ is spoken in Botswana (mainly) and Namibia by about 4,200 people as of 2002. !Xóõ language - Relatives. Until the rediscovery of a few elderly speakers of N/u in the 1990s, !Xóõ was thought to be the last surviving member of the Ta’a-!Kwi language family. (Note: Ethnologue currently lists ‡Hõã as a relative. This is an error.)< ...

Including:

• !Xóõ language - Relatives
• !Xóõ language - Alternate names
• !Xóõ language - Phonemes
• !Xóõ language - Tones
• !Xóõ language - Vowels
• !Xóõ language - Consonants
• !Xóõ language - Grammar

Read more here: » !Xóõ language: Encyclopedia - !Xóõ language

‡Hõã or ‡Hoan, a variant of the ethnonym ‡Qhôã, is an unclassified Khoisan language of Botswana. It was once placed in the Southern Khoisan family because it has bilabial clicks and other phonological similarities, but no further evidence for that classification was ever produced. Its vocabulary and syntax suggest that it may actually be in a Northern Khoisan family alongside the Ju languages. Note that there is a dialect of the unrelated !Xóõ language that is also called ‡Hua, or sometimes Western ‡Hua. In this c ...

Including:

• ‡Hõã language - Dialects
• ‡Hõã language - Phonetics
• ‡Hõã language - Clicks
• ‡Hõã language - Reference

Read more here: » ‡Hõã language: Encyclopedia - ‡Hõã language

/Xam, or /Xam Kak!’e, is an extinct Khoisan language of South Africa, part of the !Kwi language group. It was closely related to the N/u language, which still has a few speakers. The slash symbol in the name "/Xam" represents a click like the English interjection tsk! tsk! used to express pity or shame. The ex represents the ch sound of Scottish loch, German Bach, or Hebrew Chanukkah. Run tsk! Chanukkah together into a single word, and you're very close to the sound of /Xam. /Xam words were used for the South African motto adopted on 27 April 2 ...

Read more here: » /Xam language: Encyclopedia - /Xam language

‖Ani or /Anda is a Khoisan language of Botswana with about 1,000 speakers. It is a member of the Kxoe dialect continuum. ‖Ani is one of a few languages with uvular clicks. The double pipe at the beginning of the name "‖Ani" represents a click like the English interjection used when saying giddy-ap to a horse. ‖Ani language - External link. The Ethnologue Report for ‖Ani Khoisan languages  (classification) Nama | Naro | ...

Including:

• ‖Ani language - External link

Read more here: » ‖Ani language: Encyclopedia - ‖Ani language

Xiri, or in Dutch orthography Griqua (ethnonym Xirigowap, also called "Cape Hottentot"), is a Khoisan language of South Africa. It is related to Nama. Xiri was once spoken by Griqua along the entire coast of South Africa from Namibia to Lesotho, but it is now moribund, with less than a hundred scattered speakers left. Xiri language - External link. The Ethnologue Report for Xiri Khoisan languages  (classification) Nama | Naro | N/u | Sandawe ...

Including:

• Xiri language - External link

Read more here: » Xiri language: Encyclopedia - Xiri language

NU may stand for: Nicaragua (NATO country code) Niue (ISO 3166 country code) Nunavut, Canadian Territory postal code Nahdatul Ulama, an Islamic group in Indonesia The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Niagara University Northwestern University Northeastern University Norwich University, Military College of Vermont Nu may stand for: Nu is a letter in the Greek alphabet: lowercase ν, uppercase Ν. In Egypt ...

Read more here: » Nu: Encyclopedia - Nu

Ju/’hoan has four tones. There are 5 vowel qualities, [i e a o u]. However, these may be nasalized, glottalized, mumured, or combinations of these, and most of these possibilities occur both long and short. The qualities [a] and [o] may also be pharyngealized and strident. This produces a good 30 vowels, perhaps more, depending on one's analysis. There are ...

See also:

Ju/’hoan language, Ju/’hoan language - Phonetics, Ju/’hoan language - Bibliography, Ju/’hoan language - External link

Read more here: » Ju/’hoan language: Encyclopedia II - Ju/’hoan language - Phonetics

The European motto is Unity in diversity (Latin: In varietate concordia). It was first established through an unofficial process in 2000. It was selected from entries proposed by school pupils submitted to the website "www.devise-europe.org" [1], and then accepted by the President of the European Parliament, Nicole Fontaine. The motto is soon likely to be replaced by the slightly modified "United in diversity", which has been written into the draft Constitution for Europe and now appears on official EU websites. See "www.eurominority.org" [2] for the ...

See also:

European symbols, European symbols - Flag, European symbols - Anthem, European symbols - Europe Day, European symbols - Motto, European symbols - In the official languages of member-states of the EU, European symbols - In other languages used by EU citizens, European symbols - In languages used in the candidate countries, European symbols - Draft EU constitution

Read more here: » European symbols: Encyclopedia II - European symbols - Motto

Hadza language - Tone. It is not known if Hadza has lexical tone. It may have a pitch accent system, but the details have not been worked out. Hadza language - Vowels. Hadza has five vowels, [i e a o u]. Vowels may be voiceless word-finally after voiceless consonants. Long vowels may occur when intervocallic [ɦ] is elided. For example, See also:

Hadza language, Hadza language - Sounds, Hadza language - Tone, Hadza language - Vowels, Hadza language - Consonants, Hadza language - Bibliography

Read more here: » Hadza language: Encyclopedia II - Hadza language - Sounds

G/wi may have up to 48 click consonants. As with many of the Tshu-Khwe languages, clicks have lost some of their importance under the influence of neighboring Bantu languages. Many words which previously began with clicks (as shown by cognates in related languages) have lost them over the past few centuries in G/wi. G/wi has both velar and uvular clicks. Altogether there are twelve such accompaniments, or effluxes. Except for the lack of a bilabial click release, this inventory is nearly identical to that of ‡Hõã. It may be that not all 48 potential clicks are actually found in the lang ...

See also:

G/wi language, G/wi language - Click consonants, G/wi language - Dialect, G/wi language - Reference, G/wi language - External link

Read more here: » G/wi language: Encyclopedia II - G/wi language - Click consonants

!Xóõ language - Tones. There are 4 tones: high [á], mid [ā], low [à], and mid-falling [â]. !Xóõ language - Vowels. There are 5 vowel qualities, [a e i o u], which may be plain, murmured, or glottalized. [a o u] may also be both glottalized and murmured, as well as pharyngealized or strident. [a u] may be both pharyngealized and glottalized, for 26 ...

See also:

!Xóõ language, !Xóõ language - Relatives, !Xóõ language - Alternate names, !Xóõ language - Phonemes, !Xóõ language - Tones, !Xóõ language - Vowels, !Xóõ language - Consonants, !Xóõ language - Grammar

Read more here: » !Xóõ language: Encyclopedia II - !Xóõ language - Phonemes

‡Hõã language - Clicks. Like the Southern Khoisan languages, ‡Hoan has five click onsets: bilabial, dental, alveolar, palatal, and lateral alveolar. There are thirteen accompaniments, or effluxes, for 65 potential click consonants. Only 55 of these possibilities are attested, though it is unknown whether this is due to actual gaps in the ‡Hoan phonemic inventory, or are simply a reflection ...

See also:

‡Hõã language, ‡Hõã language - Dialects, ‡Hõã language - Phonetics, ‡Hõã language - Clicks, ‡Hõã language - Reference

Read more here: » ‡Hõã language: Encyclopedia II - ‡Hõã language - Phonetics

Sandawe language - Vowels. Sandawe has five vowel qualities: All five vowel qualities may be found as short oral, long oral and long nasal vowels. There are therefore fifteen vowel phonemes. In word-final position, devoiced u and i vowels occur frequently. Sandawe language - Consonants. [not written yet] (source: Wright et al. 1995) The clicks in Sandawe are not particularly loud, when compared to more famous click languages in southe ...

See also:

Sandawe language, Sandawe language - Sounds, Sandawe language - Vowels, Sandawe language - Consonants, Sandawe language - Grammar, Sandawe language - Pronouns, Sandawe language - Syllable structure, Sandawe language - Nouns, Sandawe language - Adjectives, Sandawe language - Syntax, Sandawe language - Tone, Sandawe language - Classification

Read more here: » Sandawe language: Encyclopedia II - Sandawe language - Sounds

Sandawe language - Pronouns. Sandawe language - Syllable structure. Sandawe syllables are usually of the form CV; in monosyllabic words, word-final nasals are not uncommon, CV(N). Sometimes other consonants are found in word-final position, but this is most probably the result of deletion of word-final voiceless vowels. A syllabic nasal m is found in Swahili loanwords. The most common word structure is disyllabic with or without long vowels (CV(:)CV(:)), according to De Voogt (1992).

Sandawe language, Sandawe language - Sounds, Sandawe language - Vowels, Sandawe language - Consonants, Sandawe language - Grammar, Sandawe language - Pronouns, Sandawe language - Syllable structure, Sandawe language - Nouns, Sandawe language - Adjectives, Sandawe language - Syntax, Sandawe language - Tone, Sandawe language - Classification

Read more here: » Sandawe language: Encyclopedia II - Sandawe language - Grammar

The European anthem is based on the final movement of Beethoven's ninth symphony, which contains the lyrics of Friedrich Schiller's ode, An die Freude (Ode to Joy). The anthem was originally adopted by the Council of Europe in 1972 and by the European Union in 1985. It is played on official occasions by both the Council of Europe and the European Union. Due to the large number of languages used in the European Union, the anthem is purely instrumental and has no official lyrics; yet there is an unofficial version in ...

See also:

European symbols, European symbols - Flag, European symbols - Anthem, European symbols - Europe Day, European symbols - Motto, European symbols - In the official languages of member-states of the EU, European symbols - In other languages used by EU citizens, European symbols - In languages used in the candidate countries, European symbols - Draft EU constitution

Read more here: » European symbols: Encyclopedia II - European symbols - Anthem

Until the rediscovery of a few elderly speakers of N/u in the 1990s, !Xóõ was thought to be the last surviving member of the Ta’a-!Kwi language family. (Note: Ethnologue currently lists ‡Hõã as a relative. This is an error.) ...

See also:

!Xóõ language, !Xóõ language - Relatives, !Xóõ language - Alternate names, !Xóõ language - Phonemes, !Xóõ language - Tones, !Xóõ language - Vowels, !Xóõ language - Consonants, !Xóõ language - Grammar

Read more here: » !Xóõ language: Encyclopedia II - !Xóõ language - Relatives

/’Auni (extinct), Kakia (extinct), Ki/hazi (extinct), N/gamani (extinct), Ng/u‖en (extinct), N/u-san, Xatia (Katia, Kattea, Khatia, Vaalpens, |Kusi, |Eikusi, Masarwa), !Kwi. There is much confusion with these names. For example, /’Auni is actually a dialect of N/u, in the !Kwi family, and Ng/u‖en, N/u-san are alternate names of that language. !Kwi may also be a !Kwi dialect rather than a dialect of !Xóõ. Kakia may be a separate language in the Ta’a family, and Xatia etc may be variants of th ...

See also:

!Xóõ language, !Xóõ language - Relatives, !Xóõ language - Alternate names, !Xóõ language - Phonemes, !Xóõ language - Tones, !Xóõ language - Vowels, !Xóõ language - Consonants, !Xóõ language - Grammar

Read more here: » !Xóõ language: Encyclopedia II - !Xóõ language - Alternate names

Main article: European flag The flag of Europe is twelve golden stars (pointing upwards) in a circle on a blue background. Although the flag is most commonly associated with the European Union, it was initially used by the Council of Europe in 1955, and is considered to represent Europe as a whole as opposed to any particular organisation such as the EU or the COE. The flag was adopted in 1985 by all EU heads of State and government as the official emblem of the European Union and, since the beginning of 1986, ...

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European symbols, European symbols - Flag, European symbols - Anthem, European symbols - Europe Day, European symbols - Motto, European symbols - In the official languages of member-states of the EU, European symbols - In other languages used by EU citizens, European symbols - In languages used in the candidate countries, European symbols - Draft EU constitution

Read more here: » European symbols: Encyclopedia II - European symbols - Flag

The Council of Europe has celebrated its founding on 5 May 1949 as "Europe Day" since 1964. What is now the European Union adopted 9 May as "Europe Day" at the Milan summit in 1985, to celebrate that Robert Schuman presented his proposal on the creation of an organised Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations, on 9 May 1950. This proposal, known as the Schuman declaration, is considered by many to be the beginning of ...

See also:

European symbols, European symbols - Flag, European symbols - Anthem, European symbols - Europe Day, European symbols - Motto, European symbols - In the official languages of member-states of the EU, European symbols - In other languages used by EU citizens, European symbols - In languages used in the candidate countries, European symbols - Draft EU constitution

Read more here: » European symbols: Encyclopedia II - European symbols - Europe Day