Khilafat

Mohammad Ali was born in Rampur state in 1878 to a family of Pathan ancestry. He was the brother of Maulana Shaukat Ali. Despite the early death of his father, the family strived and Ali attended the Aligarh Muslim University and Lincoln College, Oxford University in 1898, studying modern history. Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the Baroda civil service. He became a brilliant writer and orator, and wrote for major English and Indian newspapers, in both English and Urdu. He himself launched the Urdu weekly Hamdard and English ...

See also:

Maulana Mohammad Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Early Life, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Khilafat and Political Activities, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Muslim Separatism, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Legacy

Read more here: » Maulana Mohammad Ali: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Mohammad Ali - Early Life

Main Articles: Indian Independence Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, Quit India Movement, Partition of India His political activities continued unabated and he was interned in Ranchi in 1916. Soon after his release in January, 1920 he came in contact with Mahatma Gandhi. In the very first meeting with Gandhiji a bond of lasting friendship was forged between the two individuals. Maulana Azad like Mahatma Gandhi believed that good could only breed good and that evil would always spell evil. Like Bal Gangadhar Tilak earlier and ...

See also:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

Read more here: » Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom

Shaukat Ali was born in 1873 in Rampur state in what is today Uttar Pradesh. He was educated at the Aligarh Muslim University. He was extremely fond of playing cricket, captaining the university team. Ali served in the civil service of United Provinces of Oudh and Agra from 1896 to 1913. ...

See also:

Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Shaukat Ali - Early Life, Maulana Shaukat Ali - Khilafat, Maulana Shaukat Ali - Muslim League

Read more here: » Maulana Shaukat Ali: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Shaukat Ali - Early Life

Along with his brother, Shaukat Ali grew disilliusioned with the Congress and Gandhi's leadership. He opposed the 1928 Nehru Report, demanding separate electorates for Muslims, and attended the first and second Round Table Conferences in London. His brother died in 1931, and Ali continued on and organized the World Muslim Conference in Jerusalem. In 1936, Ali joined the All India Muslim League and became a close political ally of and campaigner for Muhammad Ali Jinah, the future founder of Pakistan. He served as member of the Central Assembly from 1934 to 1938. He travelled over the Middle East, building ...

See also:

Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Shaukat Ali - Early Life, Maulana Shaukat Ali - Khilafat, Maulana Shaukat Ali - Muslim League

Read more here: » Maulana Shaukat Ali: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Shaukat Ali - Muslim League

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Devanagari/Hindi: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी; Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી; October 2, 1869–January 30, 1948) was the spiritual and political leader of India who led the struggle for Indian independence from the British Empire, empowered by tens of millions of Indians. Throughout his life, he rejected any form of terrorism or violence. His philosophy of nonviolence, for which he coined the term satyagraha, has influenced national and inter ...

Including:

• Mahatma Gandhi - Early Life
• Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914
• Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations
• Mahatma Gandhi - Personal Life
• Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945
• Mahatma Gandhi - Champaran and Kheda
• Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement
• Mahatma Gandhi - Simon Commission and Swaraj
• Mahatma Gandhi - Salt Satyagraha and the Yeravda Pact
• Mahatma Gandhi - 1930s: Accepting Power Conflict with Bose
• Mahatma Gandhi - Do or Die: World War II and Quit India
• Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947
• Mahatma Gandhi - Post-Independence
• Mahatma Gandhi - Assassination and Dying Words
• Mahatma Gandhi - Gandhi's Vision and Principles
• Mahatma Gandhi - Vision for India
• Mahatma Gandhi - Nonviolence
• Mahatma Gandhi - Satya
• Mahatma Gandhi - Vegetarianism
• Mahatma Gandhi - Celibacy
• Mahatma Gandhi - Silence
• Mahatma Gandhi - Simple living
• Mahatma Gandhi - Religion
• Mahatma Gandhi - Faith
• Mahatma Gandhi - The Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi
• Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism
• Mahatma Gandhi - Recognition
• Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma
• Mahatma Gandhi - Artistic depictions
• Mahatma Gandhi - Commemorations Beyond India
• Mahatma Gandhi - References for the article on Mahatma Gandhi

Read more here: » Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia - Mahatma Gandhi

Maulana Mohammad Ali is remembered as a fiery leader of many of India's Muslims. He is celebrated as a hero by the Muslims of Pakistan, who claim he inspired the Pakistan movement. But in India, he is remembered for his leadership during Khilafat and the Non-Cooperation Movement (1919-1922) and his leadership in Muslim education. The famous Mohammad Ali Road in south Mumbai, India's largest city, is named after him. Ali died at a time when the Pakistan movement had not been formed, and it is a matter of continuing d ...

See also:

Maulana Mohammad Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Early Life, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Khilafat and Political Activities, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Muslim Separatism, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Legacy

Read more here: » Maulana Mohammad Ali: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Mohammad Ali - Legacy

He was born in Mecca on November 11th, 1888. His forefathers came from Herat, Afghanistan in Babar's days. His mother was an Arab and the daughter of Sheikh Mohammad Zaher Watri and his father, Maulana Khairuddin, was a Bengali Muslim of Afghan origins. Khairuddin left India during the First War of Independence of 1857 and proceeded to Mecca and settled there. He came back to Calcutta with his family in 1890. Azad was a descendant of a lineage of learned Muslim scholars, or maulanas. He was given the chrono-grammatic name of Firoz Bak ...

See also:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

Read more here: » Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years

Azad was introduced to the freedom struggle by revolutionary Shri Shyam Sunder Chakravarthy. Most revolutionaries in Bengal were Hindus. Azad greatly surprised his fellow Bengali (Hindu) revolutionaries with his willingness to join the freedom struggle. At first his peers were skeptical of his intentions. Azad found the revolutionary activities restricted to Bengal and Bihar. Within two years, Azad helped ...

See also:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

Read more here: » Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat

Maulana Mohammad Ali was however, disillusioned by the failure of the Khilafat movement and Gandhi's suspension of civil disobedience in 1922, owing to the Chauri Chaura incident. He re-started his weekly Hamdard, and left the Congress Party. He opposed the Nehru Report, which was a document proposing constitutional reforms and a dominion status of an independent nation within the British Empire, written by a committee of Hindu and Muslim members of the Congress Party headed by President Motilal Nehru. It was a major protest ag ...

See also:

Maulana Mohammad Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Early Life, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Khilafat and Political Activities, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Muslim Separatism, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Legacy

Read more here: » Maulana Mohammad Ali: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Mohammad Ali - Muslim Separatism

As a scholar Maulana Azad produced monumental literary works. Azad penned the book India Wins Freedom in 1957. He had also authored the Ghubar-i-Khatir, written in jail between 1942-1945, and with the Tadhkirah, is a masterpiece of the Urdu language. His commentary on the Holy Quran is unique in the realm of Muslim liberation. Whatever role he was called upon to play whether in the field of literature or politics he lent to it a dignity and poise which was entirely his own. He is remembered as ...

See also:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

Read more here: » Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings

Azad was one of the negotiating members during both the Cripps Mission (1942) and the Cabinet Mission (1946). But with the strengthening of the Pakistan movement and worsening Hindu-Muslim relations, Azad's influence waned. He recorded his frustration in his letters and autobiography to the effect that the partition of India could have been avoided had the Congress High Command respected his idea about the accommodation of the viewpoints of Jinnah and the Muslim League. The Congress High Command was catastrophically wrong, he asserted, when ...

See also:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

Read more here: » Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India and a close friend of Azad, paying a tribute in the Indian Parliament on 24 February 1958 said: "So we mourn today the passing of a great man, a man of luminous intelligence and a mighty intellect with an amazing capacity to pierce through a problem to it score." Azad is featured on an Indian postage stamp; there are many schools, colleges, roads and hospitals all over India named after him,the most famous of which is the Maulana Azad medical college situated in old del ...

See also:

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Early years, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Journalism and Khilafat, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Movement for India's Freedom, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Partition of India, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Post Independence, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Writings, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Quotes, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - See Also

Read more here: » Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Commemoration

Mohammed Ali had attended the founding meeting of the All India Muslim League in Dhaka in 1906, and served as its president in 1918. He remained active in the League till 1928. Ali represented the Muslim delegation that travelled to England in 1919 in order to convince the British government to influence the Turkish nationalist Mustafa Kemal not to depose the Sultan of Turkey, who was the Caliph of Islam. British rejection of their demands resulted in the formation of the Khilafat committee wh ...

See also:

Maulana Mohammad Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Early Life, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Khilafat and Political Activities, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Muslim Separatism, Maulana Mohammad Ali - Legacy

Read more here: » Maulana Mohammad Ali: Encyclopedia II - Maulana Mohammad Ali - Khilafat and Political Activities

The Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam claims to represent a latter day renaissance of the religion of Islam. At the end of the 19th century, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian proclaimed himself to be the "Reformer of the age" Mujaddid, Promised Messiah, Mahdi and Prophet of the age. (Note that the two subsects of the Ahmadiyya interpret this last claim very differently). He claimed to have fulfilled the prophecy of the return of Jesus. He and his followers claimed that his advent was foretold by Muhammad the prophet of Islam, and also by many other rel ...

See also:

Ahmadi, Ahmadi - History, Ahmadi - Ahmadis compared to mainstream Muslims, Ahmadi - Qadiani Ahmadis compared to Lahori, Ahmadi - Chronology with leaders, Ahmadi - Links, Ahmadi - Sources and References, Ahmadi - Ahmadiyya External links:

Read more here: » Ahmadi: Encyclopedia II - Ahmadi - History

Dr. Ansari became involved in the Indian Independence Movement during his stay in England. He moved back to Delhi and joined both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. He played an important role in the negotiation of the 1916 Lucknow Pact and served as the League's president in 1918 and 1920. He was an outspoken supporter of the Khilafat movement, and worked to bring the official Khilafat body, the League and the Congress Party together on the issue against the Mustafa Kemal's decision to oust the Sultan of Turkey, who was the Caliph of Islam, and to protest ...

See also:

Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari - Early life and Medical career, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari - Nationalist activities, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari - Personal life and beliefs

Read more here: » Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari: Encyclopedia II - Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari - Nationalist activities

Jinnah joined the Indian National Congress and soon became its most prominent Muslim leader. At the time, the Congress Party was a collection of well-educated Indians who espoused moderate views and sought discussions and negotiations as a way to obtain increased self-government for Indians within the British Empire. On January 25, 1910, Jinnah became the "Muslim member from Bombay" on the 60-man Legislative Council of India, which many contemporary historians criticize as a rubber-stamp of the Viceroy of India. In 1913, Jinnah joined ...

See also:

Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Early life and family history, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Law, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Fourteen Points of Mr Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Exile in England, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Return, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Partition and Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Governor General of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Jinnah as a legislator, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Modern Views on Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Contested legacy, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Descendents, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A Secular Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A new understanding of Jinnah and Partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Quotes, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Trivia

Read more here: » Mohammad Ali Jinnah: Encyclopedia II - Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career

As he had done in the South African War, Gandhi urged support of the British War effort and was active in encouraging Indians to join the army. His rationale, opposed by many others, was that if he desired the full citizenship, freedoms and rights in the Empire, it would be wrong not to help in its defense. He spoke at the conventions of the Indian National Congress, but was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics and the Indian people by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, at the time the most respected leader of the Congress ...

See also:

Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Early Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914, Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations, Mahatma Gandhi - Personal Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945, Mahatma Gandhi - Champaran and Kheda, Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement, Mahatma Gandhi - Simon Commission and Swaraj, Mahatma Gandhi - Salt Satyagraha and the Yeravda Pact, Mahatma Gandhi - 1930s: Accepting Power Conflict with Bose, Mahatma Gandhi - Do or Die: World War II and Quit India, Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947, Mahatma Gandhi - Post-Independence, Mahatma Gandhi - Assassination and Dying Words, Mahatma Gandhi - Gandhi's Vision and Principles, Mahatma Gandhi - Vision for India, Mahatma Gandhi - Nonviolence, Mahatma Gandhi - Satya, Mahatma Gandhi - Vegetarianism, Mahatma Gandhi - Celibacy, Mahatma Gandhi - Silence, Mahatma Gandhi - Simple living, Mahatma Gandhi - Religion, Mahatma Gandhi - Faith, Mahatma Gandhi - The Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism, Mahatma Gandhi - Recognition, Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma, Mahatma Gandhi - Artistic depictions, Mahatma Gandhi - Commemorations Beyond India, Mahatma Gandhi - References for the article on Mahatma Gandhi

Read more here: » Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia II - Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945

The Sikh leadership was fully aware of the importance of press for the success of any movement. It enlisted the active support and sympathy of some of the important nationalist papers in the country like The Independent (English), Swaraj (Hindi), The Tribune, Liberal, Kesari (Punjabi), Milap (Urdu), Zamindar (Urdu) and Bande Mataram (Hindi). Two of the vernacular dailies Akali (Pbi.) and the Akali-te-Pardesi (Urdu) also played an important role. It brought the necessary awakening among the Sik ...

See also:

Master Tara Singh, Master Tara Singh - Early Life, Master Tara Singh - Education and Religious experiences, Master Tara Singh - Agitation in college, Master Tara Singh - Public service, Master Tara Singh - SGPC and the Gurdwara Movement, Master Tara Singh - Nankana Sahib massacre, Master Tara Singh - Key's Agitation, Master Tara Singh - Kirpan da Morcha, Master Tara Singh - Morcha Guru Ka Bagh, Master Tara Singh - Nabha Agitation, Master Tara Singh - Gurdwara Act of 1925, Master Tara Singh - Leader of the Sikhs, Master Tara Singh - Partition and Independence of India, Master Tara Singh - Punjab state

Read more here: » Master Tara Singh: Encyclopedia II - Master Tara Singh - SGPC and the Gurdwara Movement

Hakim Ajmal Khan was born in 1863 in Delhi. His family, a distinguished line of physicians descended from the army of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire in India. Khan studied the Quran and traditional Islamic knowledge, before studying medicine at home, under the tutelage of his relatives. After launching himself in practise, Khan was appointed chief physician to the Nawab of Rampur from 1892 to 1902. In Rampur he met Syed Ahmed Khan and was appointed a trustee of the Alig ...

See also:

Hakim Ajmal Khan, Hakim Ajmal Khan - Early Life, Hakim Ajmal Khan - Nationalism, Hakim Ajmal Khan - Jamia Millia Islamia, Hakim Ajmal Khan - Legacy

Read more here: » Hakim Ajmal Khan: Encyclopedia II - Hakim Ajmal Khan - Early Life

Jinnah joined the Indian National Congress and soon became its most prominent Muslim leader. At the time, the Congress Party was a collection of well-educated Indians who espoused moderate views and sought discussions and negotiations as a way to obtain increased self-government for Indians within the British Empire. On January 25, 1910, Jinnah became the "Muslim member from Bombay" on the 60-man Legislative Council of India, which many contemporary historians criticize as a rubber-stamp of the Viceroy of India. In 1913, Jinnah joined ...

See also:

Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Early life and family history, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Law, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Fourteen Points of Mr Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Exile in England, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Return, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Partition and Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Jinnah as a legislator, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Modern Views on Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Contested legacy, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Descendants, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A Secular Jinnah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - A new understanding of Jinnah and Partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Quotes, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Jinnah in the eyes of his contemporaries, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - H V Hodson, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Dr Ambedkar, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Nelson Mandela, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - M C Rajah, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Sarojini Naidu, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Nehru, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Sarat Chandra Bose, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Christoper Lee, Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Trivia

Read more here: » Mohammad Ali Jinnah: Encyclopedia II - Mohammad Ali Jinnah - Political Career