Khanate of Kazan

The main article is Khanate of Kazan In the first half of the 15th century, as the result of Golden Horde's collapse, the Khanate of Kazan emerged as the dominant power in the Volga-Kama region. As Muscovy grew in power and struggled for control of trade routes and territory with the Golden Horde's successor states, Kazan was at times dominated by factions favorable to Moscow, and at other times by factions advocating alliance with other Tatar polities such as the Crimean Khanate. Finally ...

See also:

History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history

Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan

During the reign of Olug Moxammat and his son Maxmud, Kazan forces occupied Muscovy and its subject lands several times. The Grand Duke of Moscow Vassily II was defeated in a battle near the Suzdal, and was forced to pay tribute to the Kazan khan. In July 1487, Grand Duke Ivan III of Moscow occupied Kazan and seated a puppet leader, Möxämmädämin, to the Kazan throne. The Kazan Khanate subsequently became a Moscow protectorate. As Russian influence grew stronger, Russian nobles and merchants received more advantageous conditions th ...

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Khanate of Kazan, Khanate of Kazan - Khanate's geography and population, Khanate of Kazan - Economics, Khanate of Kazan - Society, Khanate of Kazan - Culture, Khanate of Kazan - Administrative division, Khanate of Kazan - Military forces, Khanate of Kazan - History

Read more here: » Khanate of Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Khanate of Kazan - History

Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. Today, Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia are considered to be descendants of Volga Bulgaria in terms of territory and ethnicity. Volga Bulgaria - Origin. First-hand information on Volga Bulgaria is rather sparse. As no authentic Bulgar records have survived, most of our information comes from contemporary ...

Including:

• Volga Bulgaria - Origin
• Volga Bulgaria - Heyday
• Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Read more here: » Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia - Volga Bulgaria

First-hand information on Volga Bulgaria is rather sparse. As no authentic Bulgar records have survived, most of our information comes from contemporary Arabic, Persian, or Russian sources. Some information is provided by excavations. It is thought that the territory of Volga Bulgaria was originally settled by the Finno-Ugric peoples. The Bulgars moved into the area in about 660, commanded by Kotrag Khan, Kubrat's son. Some Bulgar tribes, however, continued westward and after many adventures settled along the Danube River, in what is ...

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Volga Bulgaria, Volga Bulgaria - Origin, Volga Bulgaria - Heyday, Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Read more here: » Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Volga Bulgaria - Origin

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. 15th century - Events. 1401: Timur sacks Baghdad. 1402: The Ottoman and Timurid Empires fought at the Battle of Ankara resulting in Timur's capture of Bayezid I. The Ottoman Empire descends into civil war until 1413. 1402: The conquest of the Canary Islands signals the start of the Spanish Empire. 1402: Sultanate of Malacca founded by Par ...

Including:

• 15th century - Events
• 15th century - Significant people
• 15th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 15th century - Decades and years

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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. See also: 16th century in literature 16th century - Events. 1501: Safavid dynasty rules Iran until 1736. 1503: Leonardo da Vinci begins painting the Mona Lisa and completes it three or four years later. 1509: The Battle of Diu marks the beginning of Portuguese dominance of the Spice trade. 1514: The Battle of Orsha halts Muscovy's expansion into ...

Including:

• 16th century - Events
• 16th century - Significant people
• 16th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 16th century - Decades and years

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For the ghost town in Western Australia, see Cossack, Western Australia. Cossack is the common name that has been independently shared by several population groups and military units throughout the history of Eastern Europe and some adjacent territories. The most prominent and numerous are the Ukrainian Cossacks (Козаки) and the Russian Cossacks (Казаки) of the Don, Terek and Ural regions. Russian Cossacks were considerably involved in the colonizing of Siberia. In the middle of the 17th century ...

Including:

• Cossack - History
• Cossack - Russian Cossacks
• Cossack - Cossack Settlements
• Cossack - Cossacks during the final years of the Russian Empire
• Cossack - Cossacks After the Revolution
• Cossack - Cossack organization
• Cossack - Cossacks and religion
• Cossack - Popular image of Cossacks
• Cossack - Terminology
• Cossack - Ukrainian Cossacks
• Cossack - Russian Cossacks
• Cossack - Tatar Cossacks

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Zilant is a legendary creature, something between dragon and wyvern, which has been an official symbol of Kazan since 1730. This winged snake is a part of Tatar and Russian folklore, mentioned in legends about the foundation of Kazan. Zilant - Nomenclature and etymology. The word Zilant is the English transcription of Russian Зилант, itself a rendering of Tatar yılan (i.e., "snake", sometimes pronounced as /ʓɨlɑn`/).

Including:

• Zilant - Nomenclature and etymology
• Zilant - Legends
• Zilant - Interpretations
• Zilant - Zilantaw in Kazan
• Zilant - Zilant as a state symbol
• Zilant - Miscellaneous

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Bey is the Turkish word for "chieftain," traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups. In historical accounts, many Turkish, other Turkic and Persian leaders are titled bey, beg or beigh. They are all the same word with the simple meaning of "leader." The regions or provinces where beys ruled or which they administered were called beylik, roughly meaning "emirate" or "principality" in the first case, "province" or "governorate" in the second. Bey - Turkish beys. Including:

• Bey - Turkish beys
• Bey - Beys elsewhere
• Bey - Sources and references

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Emir (also sometimes rendered as Amir or Ameer, (Arabic: أمير commander) is a high title of nobility or office, historically used in Islamic nations of the Middle East, North Africa, the Turkic world, and so forth. Emir - Middle eastern origins. Originally it was a title of honor given to descendants of Muhammad via his daughter Fatima Zahra. Centuries after the time of Muhammad it became used in a wider range of contexts, such as the title used by chieftains of Bedouins of A ...

Including:

• Emir - Middle eastern origins
• Emir - In other muslim cultures
• Emir - Derived and Compound titles
• Emir - Other uses
• Emir - Sources and References

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  Turkic     Bolgar The Chuvash (Chuvashian: чӑвашсем,Russian: чуваши, Tatar: Çuaşlar\Чуашлар) are a Turkic people usually associated with Chuvashia. According to the Sovietcensus of 1989,the Chuvash population numbered 1,843,300 ; 907,000 of these lived in Chuvashia. The remainder lived in Tatarstan's Aqsubay, Bua, Nurlat, Täteş, Çirmeşän, Çüpräle rayons, Bashkortostan, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Tyumen, Kemerovo, Orenburg, Moscow oblasts of Russia ...

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1552 - Events. January 15 - Henry II of France and Maurice of Saxony sign the Treaty of Chambord February 24 - Privileges of the Hanseatic League abolished in England March - Act of Uniformity imposes Protestant prayerbook in England April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun May - Maurice of Saxony captures Augsburg and almost seizes Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at Innsbruck August 2 - ...

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• 1552 - Events
• 1552 - Births
• 1552 - Deaths

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A large part of the region's population was Turkic and included Suars, Barsil, Bilars, Baranjars and part of Burtas (by ibn Rustah). Modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars descend from the Volga Bulgars, although linguistic evidence suggests that the Chuvashes represent an earlier Turkic ethnos, which may be connected to the Huns. Another part comprised Finnic and Magyaric (Asagel and Pascatir) tribes, from whic ...

See also:

Volga Bulgaria, Volga Bulgaria - Origin, Volga Bulgaria - Heyday, Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Read more here: » Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Volga Bulgaria - Heyday

Main article: Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria In 1223, an advance guard of Genghis Khan's army entered Volga Bulgaria but was fought back. In 1236, the Mongols returned but it took them 5 years to subjugate the whole country. Thenceforth Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde. It was divided into several principalities; later each of them became a vassal of the Golden Horde and received some autonomy. By the 1430s, the Khanate of Kazan was established as the most import ...

See also:

Volga Bulgaria, Volga Bulgaria - Origin, Volga Bulgaria - Heyday, Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Read more here: » Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Main article: Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria In september 1223 near Samara an advance guard of Genghis Khan's army under command of Uran, son of Subedei bagatur entered Volga Bulgaria but was defeated by the Gabdula Chelbir khan. In 1236, the Mongols returned but it took them 5 years to subjugate the whole country which in that time was in internal war. Thenceforth Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde. It was divided into several principalities; later each of them became a vassal of the Golden Horde and received some autonomy. By the 1430s, the Khanate of Kazan was established as t ...

See also:

Volga Bulgaria, Volga Bulgaria - Origin, Volga Bulgaria - Heyday, Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Read more here: » Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Volga Bulgaria - Decline

The first three rulers of the young Ottoman state, which started out as one of a dozen Turkish beyliks into which Anatolia had been divided by the break up of the Seldjuk sultanate of Ikonion (Konya) and the military demise of the christian Byzantine empire, with its capital in Brussa, had been 1336 only annexed the beylik of Karasy, its western neighbour on the coast of the Sea of Marmara, were titled bey and not sultan. Murad I was granted the right to the designation "sultan" by the shadow caliph in Cairo in 1383, during a s ...

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Bey, Bey - Turkish beys, Bey - Beys elsewhere, Bey - Sources and references

Read more here: » Bey: Encyclopedia II - Bey - Turkish beys

Originally it was a title of honor given to descendants of Muhammad via his daughter Fatima Zahra. Centuries after the time of Muhammad it became used in a wider range of contexts, such as the title used by chieftains of Bedouins of Arabia and by nobles and officials of the Ottoman Empire. In Arabic and Persian : a country ruled by an independent emir is an emirate, either sovereign such as the Kuwaiti al-Sabah dynasty's monarch since their independence on June 19, 1961, Qatar's since 1971, and Bahrain from 1971 to 2 ...

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Emir, Emir - Middle eastern origins, Emir - In other muslim cultures, Emir - Derived and Compound titles, Emir - Other uses, Emir - Sources and References

Read more here: » Emir: Encyclopedia II - Emir - Middle eastern origins

The word Zilant is the English transcription of Russian Зилант, itself a rendering of Tatar yılan (i.e., "snake", sometimes pronounced as /ʓɨlɑn`/). The Tatars, on the other hand, frequently refer to this creature with the Persian word Ajdaha (/ʌʒdɑhɑ`/ Dragon, Iske imla: اژدها) or Ajdaha-yılan (Dragon-snake). For Tatars, it is also a negative personage, ...

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Zilant, Zilant - Nomenclature and etymology, Zilant - Legends, Zilant - Interpretations, Zilant - Zilantaw in Kazan, Zilant - Zilant as a state symbol, Zilant - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Zilant: Encyclopedia II - Zilant - Nomenclature and etymology

According to some historians, over 80% of the country's population was killed during the invasion. The remaining population mostly relocated to the northern areas (territories of modern Chuvashia and Tatarstan). Some autonomous duchies appeared in those areas. The steppe areas of Volga Bulgaria were settled by nomadic Kipchaks and Mongols, and the agricultural development suffered a severe decline. Over time, the cities of Volga Bulgaria were rebuilt and became trade and craft centers of the Golden Horde. Some Bulgarians, primarily ma ...

See also:

Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - The Mongol campaigns, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - Population transfer, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - Rebellions, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - Impact on the region, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - Ethnolinguistic impact, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - Aftermath, Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - Sources

Read more here: » Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria - Impact on the region

Khan - Military ranks. The title khan was also used as a military officer rank in certain armies, especially following the decimal organisation (already known from Achaemenid Persia) of Genghis Khan's conquering 'hordes' (actually under the strictest discipline). In some Muslim-states in India, especially the Delhi sultanate (which absorbed all under the Mughal dynasty), a Khan was a high-ranking imperial general, commanding at least a lac (i.e. 100.000) horseman, being placed over 10 Maliks, each of which ...

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Khan, Khan - Political Khans, Khan - Adil Khan, Khan - Military ranks, Khan - Nobiliar and Honorary titles, Khan - Derived titles, Khan - Lesser meanings, Khan - Modern family name, Khan - Fiction, Khan - Sources and References

Read more here: » Khan: Encyclopedia II - Khan - Adil Khan