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Kempeitai | A Wisdom Archive on Kempeitai | | Kempeitai A selection of articles related to Kempeitai | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Kempeitai | | | |  Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Conditions of ServiceEducation is highly stressed in police recruitment and promotion. Entrance to the force is determined by examinations administered by each prefecture. Examinees are divided into two groups: upper-secondary-school graduates and university graduates. Recruits underwent rigorous training—one year for upper-secondary school graduates and six months for university graduates—at the residential police academy attached to the prefectural headquarters. On completion of basic training, most police officers are assigned to local police boxes. Promo ...
See also:Police system of Japan, Police system of Japan - History, Police system of Japan - National Organization, Police system of Japan - National Public Safety Commission, Police system of Japan - Local organization, Police system of Japan - Prefectural Police, Police system of Japan - Riot police, Police system of Japan - Special police, Police system of Japan - Conditions of Service, Police system of Japan - Police-Community Relations Read more here: » Police system of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Conditions of Service |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867 Raffles' founding of Singapore was based on rather shaky legal grounds, and the Dutch government soon issued bitter protests to the British government, arguing that their sphere of influence had been violated. The British government and the East India Company, though originally sympathetic to these complaints, became increasingly less so as Singapore's importance grew. By 1822, it was made clear to the Dutch that the British had no intention of giving up the island.
The status of Singapore as a British possession was cemented by the A ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826 Raffles returned to Bencoolen soon after the signing of the treaty, leaving Major William Farquhar in charge of the new settlement, which initially consisted of some artillery and a single regiment of Indian soldiers. Establishing a trading port from scratch was in itself a daunting prospect, but Farquhar's administration was, in addition, practically unfunded, as Raffles did not wish his superiors to view Singapore as a liability. In addition, it was forbidden from earning revenue by imposing port duties, Raffles ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941 As Singapore continued to grow, the deficiencies in the Straits Settlements administration became increasingly apparent. Apart from the indifference of British India's administrators to local conditions, there was immense bureaucracy and red tape which made it difficult to pass new laws. Singapore's merchant community began agitating against British Indian rule, in favour of establishing Singapore as a separate colony of Britain. In 1867, the British government finally agreed to make the Straits Settlements a Crown Colony, receiving orders d ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945 On December 7, 1941, Japan launched its attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Pacific War began in earnest. One of Japan's objectives was to capture Southeast Asia, because of its ample natural resources, since at the time, Malaya produced 40 percent of the world's rubber and 60 percent of its tin. Singapore, as the main Allied base in the region, was the obvious military target.
In Singapore, it was widely assumed that the Japanese attack would come from the south, by sea, since the dense Malayan jungle to the north served as a natural bar ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955 After Japan surrendered to the Allies on August 15, 1945, there was a state of anomie in Singapore, as the British had not arrived to take control, while the Japanese occupiers had a considerably weakened hold over the populace. Incidents of looting and revenge-killing were widespread. Much of the infrastructure had been wrecked, including the harbor facilities and electricity, water, and telephone services. It woul ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819 Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the Malay archipelago was gradually taken over by the European colonial powers, beginning with the arrival of the Portuguese at Malacca in 1509. The early dominance of the Portuguese was challenged, during the 17th century, by the Dutch, who came to control most of the region's ports. The Dutch established a monopoly over trade within the archipelago, particularly in spices, then the region's most important product. Other colonial powers, including the British, were limited to a relatively minor presence. ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Ancient times The earliest written record of Singapore was a Chinese account of the 3rd century, describing the island of "Pu Luo Chung", probably a transliteration of the Malay Pulau Ujong, "island at the end" (of the Malay peninsula.) The Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals) contains a tale of a prince of Srivijaya, Sri Tri Buana (also known as Sang Nila Utama), who landed on the island sometime during the 13th century. Catching sight of a strange creature that he thought was a lion, he decided to found a settlement called Singapura, which means "Lion C ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Ancient times |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Chinese in Singapore - Dialect Groups The Chinese in Singapore are almost exclusively Han Chinese. They belong to several linguistic-cultural dialect groups, originating from various parts of China. The Hokkien, Teochew and Hainanese, all of whom belong to the Min-nan group, jointly form more than three-quarters of the Chinese population. The Cantonese and Hakka account for most of the remainder.
Government policies, such as banning dialect-medium subjects in schools and the media, have resulted in an entire generation of young Singaporeans distanced from their various mother tongues, leading to considerable d ...
See also:Chinese in Singapore, Chinese in Singapore - Dialect Groups, Chinese in Singapore - Hokkien, Chinese in Singapore - Teochew, Chinese in Singapore - Cantonese, Chinese in Singapore - Hakka, Chinese in Singapore - Hainanese and Northern Min, Chinese in Singapore - Mandarin and Wu, Chinese in Singapore - Peranakan aka Nonya aka Baba, Chinese in Singapore - Religion, Chinese in Singapore - Taoism, Chinese in Singapore - Buddhism, Chinese in Singapore - Christianity, Chinese in Singapore - Other, Chinese in Singapore - History, Chinese in Singapore - During WWII, Chinese in Singapore - Racial Tensions Read more here: » Chinese in Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Chinese in Singapore - Dialect Groups |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Chinese in Singapore - History There are records of the Chinese presence in Singapore as early as the 14th-century. Imperial Chinese sources state that there was a significant amount of Chinese inhabitants in the region. According to the Chinese explorer Wang Dayuan, the Chinese inhabitants of Singapore were dressed in local traditional costume and were largely intermarried with the local South-East Asian women, following an amalgam of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism. ...
See also:Chinese in Singapore, Chinese in Singapore - Dialect Groups, Chinese in Singapore - Hokkien, Chinese in Singapore - Teochew, Chinese in Singapore - Cantonese, Chinese in Singapore - Hakka, Chinese in Singapore - Hainanese and Northern Min, Chinese in Singapore - Mandarin and Wu, Chinese in Singapore - Peranakan aka Nonya aka Baba, Chinese in Singapore - Religion, Chinese in Singapore - Taoism, Chinese in Singapore - Buddhism, Chinese in Singapore - Christianity, Chinese in Singapore - Other, Chinese in Singapore - History, Chinese in Singapore - During WWII, Chinese in Singapore - Racial Tensions Read more here: » Chinese in Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Chinese in Singapore - History |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Anthony Burgess - Life
Anthony Burgess - Childhood.
John Burgess Wilson was born on February 25, 1917 in Harpurhey, a northeastern quarter of Manchester, England, to a Catholic father and a Protestant mother. He was known in childhood as Jack. Later, on his confirmation, the name Anthony was added and he became John Anthony Burgess Wilson. It was not until 1956 that he was to conceive, and to be ...
See also:Anthony Burgess, Anthony Burgess - Life, Anthony Burgess - Childhood, Anthony Burgess - Youth and education, Anthony Burgess - War service, Anthony Burgess - Early teaching career, Anthony Burgess - Malaya, Anthony Burgess - Brunei, Anthony Burgess - Repatriate years, Anthony Burgess - European exile, Anthony Burgess - Death, Anthony Burgess - Achievement, Anthony Burgess - Novels, Anthony Burgess - Criticism, Anthony Burgess - Linguistics, Anthony Burgess - Journalism, Anthony Burgess - Screenwriting, Anthony Burgess - Symphonies, Anthony Burgess - Opera and Musicals, Anthony Burgess - Trivia, Anthony Burgess - Work methods, Anthony Burgess - Espionage, Anthony Burgess - Food and drink, Anthony Burgess - Smoking, Anthony Burgess - Finances, Anthony Burgess - Sex, Anthony Burgess - Mischief, Anthony Burgess - Pop-culture influence, Anthony Burgess - Early triumphs, Anthony Burgess - Polyglottal virtuosity, Anthony Burgess - Health, Anthony Burgess - Names and namesakes, Anthony Burgess - Birthplace, Anthony Burgess - Memorial services, Anthony Burgess - Transport, Anthony Burgess - Pets, Anthony Burgess - General, Anthony Burgess - The Burgess tourist trail, Anthony Burgess - Works, Anthony Burgess - Fiction, Anthony Burgess - Non-fiction, Anthony Burgess - Selected musical compositions, Anthony Burgess - Prefaces etc. Read more here: » Anthony Burgess: Encyclopedia II - Anthony Burgess - Life |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Anthony Burgess - Achievement
Anthony Burgess - Novels.
With the Malayan trilogy (Time For A Tiger, The Enemy in the Blanket and Beds in the East), his first published venture into the art of fiction, Burgess staked a claim to have written the definitive Malayan novel (i.e. novel of expatriate experience of Malaya) to set alongside George Orwell's Burma (Burmese Days), E.M. Forster's India (A Passage to India) and Graham Greene's Viet Nam (The Quiet American), and continuing in the tradition established by Rudyard Kipling for India and, for Southeast Asia in ...
See also:Anthony Burgess, Anthony Burgess - Life, Anthony Burgess - Childhood, Anthony Burgess - Youth and education, Anthony Burgess - War service, Anthony Burgess - Early teaching career, Anthony Burgess - Malaya, Anthony Burgess - Brunei, Anthony Burgess - Repatriate years, Anthony Burgess - European exile, Anthony Burgess - Death, Anthony Burgess - Achievement, Anthony Burgess - Novels, Anthony Burgess - Criticism, Anthony Burgess - Linguistics, Anthony Burgess - Journalism, Anthony Burgess - Screenwriting, Anthony Burgess - Symphonies, Anthony Burgess - Opera and Musicals, Anthony Burgess - Trivia, Anthony Burgess - Work methods, Anthony Burgess - Espionage, Anthony Burgess - Food and drink, Anthony Burgess - Smoking, Anthony Burgess - Finances, Anthony Burgess - Sex, Anthony Burgess - Mischief, Anthony Burgess - Pop-culture influence, Anthony Burgess - Early triumphs, Anthony Burgess - Polyglottal virtuosity, Anthony Burgess - Health, Anthony Burgess - Names and namesakes, Anthony Burgess - Birthplace, Anthony Burgess - Memorial services, Anthony Burgess - Transport, Anthony Burgess - Pets, Anthony Burgess - General, Anthony Burgess - The Burgess tourist trail, Anthony Burgess - Works, Anthony Burgess - Fiction, Anthony Burgess - Non-fiction, Anthony Burgess - Selected musical compositions, Anthony Burgess - Prefaces etc. Read more here: » Anthony Burgess: Encyclopedia II - Anthony Burgess - Achievement |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963 The leader of the Labour Front, David Marshall, became the first Chief Minister of Singapore. He presided over a shaky government, receiving little cooperation from either the colonial government or the other local parties. In May 1955, however, the Hock Lee Bus Riots broke out, killing four people, and consequently would later seriously discredit Marshall's government. In April 1956, he led a delegation to London to negotiate for complete self-rule, but the talks fell through due to British concerns about labour unrest and communist influen ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965 The merger with Malaysia was thought to be the solution to resolve unemployment, a stagnating economy and the security threats posed by revolutionary elements in the period. This would be done by forming a new nation, eliminating trade taxes and therefore allowing a common, free market to open up, solving economic and unemployment woes. Thus on 16 September 1963, London agreed to hand over Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak to Kuala Lumpur, convinced that Singapore's security would be safeguarded by the much larger Malaysia. The Malaysian ruling p ...
See also:History of Singapore, History of Singapore - Ancient times, History of Singapore - Founding of modern Singapore 1819, History of Singapore - Early growth 1819 – 1826, History of Singapore - The Straits Settlements 1826 – 1867, History of Singapore - Singapore as a Crown colony 1867 – 1941, History of Singapore - The Battle of Singapore and the Japanese Occupation 1942 – 1945, History of Singapore - Post-war period 1945 – 1955, History of Singapore - Self-government 1955 – 1963, History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965, History of Singapore - Republic of Singapore 1965 – present, History of Singapore - Problems after independence, History of Singapore - Resolution, History of Singapore - Success and criticism Read more here: » History of Singapore: Encyclopedia II - History of Singapore - Merger with Malaysia 1963 – 1965 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Special police In addition to regular police officers, there are several thousand officials attached to various agencies who perform special duties relating to public safety. They are responsible for such matters as railroad security, forest preservation, narcotics control, fishery inspection, and enforcement of regulations on maritime, labor, and mine safety.
The largest and most important of these ministry-supervised public safety agencies is the Maritime Safety Agency, an external bureau of the Ministry of Transportation that deals with crime in ...
See also:Police system of Japan, Police system of Japan - History, Police system of Japan - National Organization, Police system of Japan - National Public Safety Commission, Police system of Japan - Local organization, Police system of Japan - Prefectural Police, Police system of Japan - Riot police, Police system of Japan - Special police, Police system of Japan - Conditions of Service, Police system of Japan - Police-Community Relations Read more here: » Police system of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Special police |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - Definitions There are differences from one country to another regarding the definition of Japanese war crimes.
Japanese war crimes - Japanese definitions.
Although Geneva Conventions have, from 1864 onwards, provided the standard definitions of war crimes, Japan was not a signatory to the Geneva Conventions until after World War II. However, many of the alleged crimes committed by Japanese imperial personnel were also violations of the Japanese code of military law, which the mili ...
See also:Japanese war crimes, Japanese war crimes - Definitions, Japanese war crimes - Japanese definitions, Japanese war crimes - International definitions, Japanese war crimes - Background, Japanese war crimes - Japanese military culture and imperialism, Japanese war crimes - The events of the 1930s and 1940s, Japanese war crimes - War crimes, Japanese war crimes - Mass killings, Japanese war crimes - Preventable famine, Japanese war crimes - The treatment of prisoners of war, Japanese war crimes - Comfort women, Japanese war crimes - Looting, Japanese war crimes - Post-1945 reactions, Japanese war crimes - The Tokyo Trials, Japanese war crimes - Other trials, Japanese war crimes - Official apologies, Japanese war crimes - Compensation, Japanese war crimes - Debate in Japan, Japanese war crimes - Controversial reinterpretations outside Japan, Japanese war crimes - Later investigations, Japanese war crimes - Major incidents Read more here: » Japanese war crimes: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - Definitions |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - Background
Japanese war crimes - Japanese military culture and imperialism.
Military culture, especially during Japan's imperialist phase had great bearing on the conduct of the Japanese military before and during World War II.
Seven centuries of bushido (the militaristic samurai warrior code) taught unquestioning obedience to the Emperor, and fearlessness in battle. During the so-called "Age of Empire" in the late 19th century, Japan followed the lead of other world ...
See also:Japanese war crimes, Japanese war crimes - Definitions, Japanese war crimes - Japanese definitions, Japanese war crimes - International definitions, Japanese war crimes - Background, Japanese war crimes - Japanese military culture and imperialism, Japanese war crimes - The events of the 1930s and 1940s, Japanese war crimes - War crimes, Japanese war crimes - Mass killings, Japanese war crimes - Preventable famine, Japanese war crimes - The treatment of prisoners of war, Japanese war crimes - Comfort women, Japanese war crimes - Looting, Japanese war crimes - Post-1945 reactions, Japanese war crimes - The Tokyo Trials, Japanese war crimes - Other trials, Japanese war crimes - Official apologies, Japanese war crimes - Compensation, Japanese war crimes - Debate in Japan, Japanese war crimes - Controversial reinterpretations outside Japan, Japanese war crimes - Later investigations, Japanese war crimes - Major incidents Read more here: » Japanese war crimes: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - Background |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - War crimes
Japanese war crimes - Mass killings.
The sheer number of deaths caused by the Japanese military during the 1930s and 1940s means that it is often compared to the contemporaneous suffering imposed by Nazi Germany during 1933–45. The historian Chalmers Johnson has written that:
It may be pointless to try to establish which World War Two Axis aggressor, Germany or Japan, was the more brutal to the peoples it victimised. The Germans killed six million Jews and 20 million Russians [i.e. Soviet citize ...
See also:Japanese war crimes, Japanese war crimes - Definitions, Japanese war crimes - Japanese definitions, Japanese war crimes - International definitions, Japanese war crimes - Background, Japanese war crimes - Japanese military culture and imperialism, Japanese war crimes - The events of the 1930s and 1940s, Japanese war crimes - War crimes, Japanese war crimes - Mass killings, Japanese war crimes - Preventable famine, Japanese war crimes - The treatment of prisoners of war, Japanese war crimes - Comfort women, Japanese war crimes - Looting, Japanese war crimes - Post-1945 reactions, Japanese war crimes - The Tokyo Trials, Japanese war crimes - Other trials, Japanese war crimes - Official apologies, Japanese war crimes - Compensation, Japanese war crimes - Debate in Japan, Japanese war crimes - Controversial reinterpretations outside Japan, Japanese war crimes - Later investigations, Japanese war crimes - Major incidents Read more here: » Japanese war crimes: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - War crimes |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Riot police Within their security divisions, each prefectural level police department and the Tokyo police maintain special riot units. These units were formed after riots at the Imperial Palace in 1952, to respond quickly and effectively to large public disturbances. They are also used in crowd control during festival periods, at times of natural disaster, and to reinforce regular police when necessary. Full-time riot police can also ...
See also:Police system of Japan, Police system of Japan - History, Police system of Japan - National Organization, Police system of Japan - National Public Safety Commission, Police system of Japan - Local organization, Police system of Japan - Prefectural Police, Police system of Japan - Riot police, Police system of Japan - Special police, Police system of Japan - Conditions of Service, Police system of Japan - Police-Community Relations Read more here: » Police system of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Riot police |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Local organization There are some 258,000 police officers nationwide, about 97 percent of whom were affiliated with local police forces. Local forces include:
forty-three prefectural (ken) police forces;
Tokyo Metropolitan (to) police force, in Tokyo;
two urban prefectural (fu) police forces, in Osaka and Kyoto; and
one district (dō) police force, in Hokkaido.
These forces have limited authority to initiate police actions. Their most important activities are regulated by the National Police Agency, which p ...
See also:Police system of Japan, Police system of Japan - History, Police system of Japan - National Organization, Police system of Japan - National Public Safety Commission, Police system of Japan - Local organization, Police system of Japan - Prefectural Police, Police system of Japan - Riot police, Police system of Japan - Special police, Police system of Japan - Conditions of Service, Police system of Japan - Police-Community Relations Read more here: » Police system of Japan: Encyclopedia II - Police system of Japan - Local organization |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Japanese nationalism - After 1945 In February of 1946 General Douglas MacArthur was set the task of drafting a model constitution to serve as a guide for the Japanese people. The U.S. intention was to ensure that the sources of Japanese militarism were rooted out through fundamental reforms of the Japanese government, society, and economic structure. Perhaps the most lasting effect that came out of this constitution is article 9 that reads:
"Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sov ...
See also:Japanese nationalism, Japanese nationalism - The ideology of Japanese nationalism 1905-1945, Japanese nationalism - Tradition, Japanese nationalism - Education, Japanese nationalism - Nationalist politics, Japanese nationalism - Geostrategy, Japanese nationalism - Other ideological lines, Japanese nationalism - Control of communications media, Japanese nationalism - Ideological influences in foreign areas, Japanese nationalism - Summary, Japanese nationalism - After 1945, Japanese nationalism - Bibliography, Japanese nationalism - Other historical references, Japanese nationalism - Asian and Pacific geopolitics, Japanese nationalism - Official publications of the Japanese and Manchukuo governments, Japanese nationalism - Foreign general literature on the Empire of Japan and Japanese-supported regimes in Northeast Asia Read more here: » Japanese nationalism: Encyclopedia II - Japanese nationalism - After 1945 |
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| | | | | Kempeitai: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - Definitions There are differences from one country to another regarding the definition of Japanese war crimes.
Japanese war crimes - Japanese definitions.
Many of the alleged crimes committed by Japanese imperial personnel were also violations of the Japanese code of military law, which the military either wilfully ignored, or failed to enforce. However, in Japan itself, the term "Japanese war crimes" generally refers to cases tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, also known as the Tokyo Tr ...
See also:Japanese war crimes, Japanese war crimes - Definitions, Japanese war crimes - Japanese definitions, Japanese war crimes - International definitions, Japanese war crimes - Background, Japanese war crimes - Japanese military culture and imperialism, Japanese war crimes - The events of the 1930s and 1940s, Japanese war crimes - Post-1945 reactions, Japanese war crimes - The Tokyo Trials, Japanese war crimes - Other trials, Japanese war crimes - Official apologies, Japanese war crimes - Compensation, Japanese war crimes - Debate in Japan, Japanese war crimes - Controversial reinterpretations outside Japan, Japanese war crimes - Later investigations, Japanese war crimes - Major incidents Read more here: » Japanese war crimes: Encyclopedia II - Japanese war crimes - Definitions |
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