Kashmir shaivism:

A branch of the Shaivite philosophical tradition, propounded by Kashmiri sages, that explains how the formless supreme Principle, known as Shiva, manifests as the universe. Together with Vedanta, Kashmir Shaivism provides the basic scriptural context for Siddha Yoga meditation.

(See also: Kashmir shaivism, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary, Siddha Yoga, Siddha Yoga Dictionary)

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Kashmir (Kashmira): (Sanskrit) The Northernmost area of India, part of the present-day state of Jammu and Kashmir. It figures prominently in the history of Saivism. Area 115,000 square miles, under dispute between India and Pakistan. Population is six million in the Indian sector.

(See also: Kashmir, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Kashmir Saivism: (Sanskrit) In this mildly theistic and intensely monistic school founded by Vasugupta around 850, Siva is immanent and transcendent. Purification and yoga are strongly emphasized.

Kashmir Saivism provides an extremely rich and detailed understanding of the human psyche, and a clear and distinct path of kundalini-siddha yoga to the goal of Self Realization. The Kashmir Saivite is not so much concerned with worshiping a personal God as he is with attaining the transcendental state of Siva consciousness. Sadhana leads to the assimilation of the object (world) in the subject (I) until the Self (Siva) stands revealed as one with the universe. The goal- liberation- is sustained recognition (pratyabhijna) of one's true Self as nothing but Siva.

There are three upaya, or stages of attainment of God consciousness: anavopaya (yoga), shaktopaya (spiritual discrimination), shambhavopaya (attainment through the guru's instruction) and anupaya, or "no means" (spontaneous realization without effort). Kashmir Saivite literature is in three broad divisions: Agama Shastras, Spanda Shastras and Pratyabhijna Shastras. Today various organizations promulgate the esoteric teachings. While the number of Kashmir Saivite formal followers is uncertain, the school remains an important influence in India.

See: Saivism, upaya.

(See also: Kashmir Saivism, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Kashmiri Shaivism: Shaivite philosophy of medieval Kashmir

(See also: Kashmiri Shaivism, Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Kekaya:

Kekaya. Kingdom in ancient India; birthplace of Kaika, wife of Dasaratha; modern Kashmir.

(See also: Kekaya, Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

kashmiri shaivism:

Shaivite philosophy of medieval kashmir

(See also: kashmiri shaivism, Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Kaika:

Kaika (Kaikaa). Same as Kaikeyi. A princess of Kekaya (Kashmir), third wife of Dasaratha, and mother of Bharatha.

(See also: Kaika, Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Kanishka (Sanskrit). A King of the Tochari, who flourished when the third Buddhist Synod met in Kashmir, i.e., about the middle of the last century B.C., a great patron of Buddhism, he built the finest stupas or dagobas in Northern India and Kabulistan.

(See also: Kanishka, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Shiva-Sutra:

Shiva-Sutra ("Shiva's Aphorisms"): like the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali, a classical work on yoga, as taught in the Shaivism of Kashmir; authored by Vasugupta (ninth century C.E.)

(See also: Shiva-Sutra, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)

Dabistan, Dadistan (Persian) (from dab from dip script + stan suffix of place)

A name of ancient Persia; also a book, Dabistan-i-Madhahib (school of sects), written in about the mid-17th century by a Moslem traveler, Mohsan Fani, a native of Kashmir. It deals with 12 different religions, the first that of Hushang, supposed to be before the time of Zarathustra (Zoroaster).

(See also: Dabistan, Dadistan, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Spanda:

Spanda ("vibration"): a key concept of Kashmir's Shaivism according to which the ultimate Reality itself "quivers," that is, is inherently creative rather than static (as conceived in Advaita Vedanta)

(See also: Spanda, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)

Sri Sankaracharya (Sanskrit). The great religious reformer of India, and teacher of the Vedanta philosophy - the greatest of all such teachers, regarded by the Adwaitas (Non-dualists) as an incarnation of Siva and a worker of miracles. He established many mathams (monasteries), and founded the most learned sect among Brahmans, called the Smartava. The legends about him are as numerous as his philosophical writings. At the age of thirty-two he went to Kashmir, and reaching Kedaranath in the Himalayas, entered a cave alone, whence he never returned. His followers claim that he did not die, but only retired from the world.

(See also: Sri Sankaracharya, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Vairochana (Sanskrit). "All-enlightening".

A mystic symbol, or rather a generic personification of a class of spiritual beings described as the embodiment of essential wisdom (bodhi) and absolute purity. They dwell in the fourth Arupa Dhatu (formless world) or Buddhakshetra, and are the first or the highest hierarchy of the five orthodox Dhyani Buddhas.

There was a Sramana (an Arhat) of this name (see Eitel’s Sansk. Chin. Dict.) a native of Kashmir, "who introduced Buddhism into Kustan and lahoured in Tibet" (in the seventh century of our era). He was the best translator of the semi-esoteric Canon of Northern

Buddhism, and a contemporary of the great Samantabhadra (q.v.).

(See also: Vairochana, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Perfect Enlightenment Sutra

(Jpn.: Engaku-kyo; Chin.: Yüan-chyeh-ching)

An abbreviation of the Complete and Final Teaching on Perfect Enlightenment Sutra. A sutra translated into Chinese in 693 by Buddhatara who had gone to China from Kashmir. In this sutra, Shakyamuni explains the mystic principle of perfect enlightenment and the practice for its attainment to an audience of twelve bodhisattvas including Manjushri, Universal Worthy, and Maitreya. Contemporary scholars view this sutra as a work produced in China, where this sutra was widely read and a number of commentaries written on it. It had considerable influence on the Flower Garland (Hua-yen) and Zen (Ch'an) schools, and was regarded highly by the Zen school in particular.

(See also: Perfect Enlightenment Sutra, Enlightenment, Buddhism Enlightenment, Buddhism Enlightenment Dictionary)

Vairochana Vairocana (Sanskrit) A son of the sun (Virochana -- the spiritual sun); a generalizing term for some of the highest classes of dhyani-chohans emanating directly from the Third Logos, and therefore virtually identical with the vairajas, kumaras, manasaputras, and agnishvattas, called collectively children of the sun.

"A generic personification of a class of spiritual beings described as the embodiment of essential wisdom (Bodhi) and absolute purity. They dwell in the fourth Arupa Dhatu (formless world) or Buddhakshetra, and are the first or the highest hierarchy of the five orthodox Dhyani Buddhas. There was a Sramana (an Arhat) of this name (see Eitel's Sansk. Chin. Dict.), a native of Kashmir, 'who introduced Buddhism into Kustan and laboured in Tibet (in the seventh century of our era). He was the best translator of the semi-esoteric Canon of Northern Buddhism, and a contemporary of the great Samantabhadra . . ." (TG 358-9).

(See also: Vairochana, Vairocana, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul)

Charaka caraka (Sanskrit) (from the verbal root char to wander, roam about)

Wanderer; a branch or school following the practices enjoined in the Yajur-Veda; in the plural, the teachings as well as the followers of the doctrine taught in a branch of the black Yajur-Veda.

Also the name of a legendary muni and physician, born in Panchanada, Kashmir, said to have been the physician of Indo-Scythian King Kanishka (1st or 2nd century). Once Sesha, the King of the Serpents, visiting the earth, found only sickness and suffering everywhere. Being the recipient from a divine source of the Ayur-Veda and having knowledge of all cures, he became filled with pity and determined to incarnate as the son of a muni in order to alleviate the ills of mankind.

Named Charaka, as he had come to the earth as a wanderer, he then composed a new work on medicine based on the older works of Agnivesa. He is commonly accepted as an avatara of the Serpent Sesha, "an embodiment of divine Wisdom, since Sesha-Naga, the King of the 'Serpent' race, is synonymous with Ananta, the seven-headed Serpent, on which Vishnu sleeps during the pralayas. Ananta is the 'endless' and the symbol of eternity, and as such, one with Space, while Sesha is only periodical in his manifestations. Hence while Vishnu is identified with Ananta, Charaka is only the Avatar of Sesha" (TG 78).

(See also: Charaka caraka, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Tattvas:

In Kashmir Shaivism, the basic categories or principles of the process of universal manifestation from pure Consciousness to matter; that which is the essence of each stage of manifestation.

(See also: Tattvas, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary, Siddha Yoga, Siddha Yoga Dictionary)

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