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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Karma |  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar TraditionsIt is generally believed that the Jain sangha became divided two major sects, Digambar and Shvetambar, about 200 years after the nirvana of Mahāvīr. Bhadrabahu, chief of the Jain monks, foresaw a period of famine and led about 12,000 people, to southern India. Twelve years later, they returned to find that the Svetambar sect had arisen. The followers of Bhadrabahu became known as the Digambar sect.
The Digambar monks do not wear any clothes because they believe Lord Mahavira did not wear any clothes and clothes are possessions, ther ...
See also:Jainism, Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma, Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology, Jainism - Beliefs and practices, Jainism - Jain Symbols, Jainism - Jain Literature, Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals, Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions, Jainism - Geographical spread and influence, Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture, Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology, Jainism - Holy sites, Jainism - Jain Temples in the West, Jainism - Holy days, Jainism - Jainism and other religions Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jainism and Indian ArchaeologyDecipherment of Brahmi James Princep in 1788, permitted reading of ancient inscriptions in India, which established the antiquity of Jainism. Discovery of Jain manuscripts, a process that continues today, has added significantly to retracing the history of Jainism.
Jain archaeological findings are from Maurya, Sunga, Kushana, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, and Rajput and later period.
Several western and Indian scholars have contributed to the reconstruction of Jain history. They include western historians like Bühler, Jacobi, and Indian scholars like Iravat ...
See also:Jainism, Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma, Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology, Jainism - Beliefs and practices, Jainism - Jain Symbols, Jainism - Jain Literature, Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals, Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions, Jainism - Geographical spread and influence, Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture, Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology, Jainism - Holy sites, Jainism - Jain Temples in the West, Jainism - Holy days, Jainism - Jainism and other religions Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jainism and other religionsIndia has a rich history of diverse philosophies. The term Hindu includes followers of Vedic, Vaishnava, Shaiva and other traditions. These traditions share a common cultural background with Jainism. Buddhism, like Jainism, represents the ancient Shramana tradition of India. Connections among these are discussed at:
Jainism and Hinduism
Jainism and Buddhism
Jainism and Sikhism
Even though Jainism is of Indian origin, it shared some principles with the Hellenic tradition, specially with Stoic and P ...
See also:Jainism, Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma, Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology, Jainism - Beliefs and practices, Jainism - Jain Symbols, Jainism - Jain Literature, Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals, Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions, Jainism - Geographical spread and influence, Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture, Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology, Jainism - Holy sites, Jainism - Jain Temples in the West, Jainism - Holy days, Jainism - Jainism and other religions Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jainism and other religions |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Pratitya-samutpada - General formulationA general formulation of this concept goes:
With this as condition,
That arises.
With this NOT as condition,
That does NOT arise.
An example to illustrate:
You go on summer holiday to a hot climate, such as Arizona, Spain or Australia. It's a hot clear day and you're sunbathing by the hotel pool with the sun beating down on you. You will begin to feel hot, sweaty, uncomfortable, and soon feel thirsty. You go get yourself a drink to quench your thirst, and think "I ...
See also:Pratitya-samutpada, Pratitya-samutpada - Dependent Origination, Pratitya-samutpada - General formulation, Pratitya-samutpada - Applications, Pratitya-samutpada - Four Noble Truths, Pratitya-samutpada - Twelve Nidanas, Pratitya-samutpada - Madhyamaka and Pratitya-samutpada, Pratitya-samutpada - The reversibility of dependent arising Read more here: » Pratitya-samutpada: Encyclopedia II - Pratitya-samutpada - General formulation |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Mahabharata - Background and historyThe epic is told by Vyasa, who is one of the major dynastic characters within the epic. The first section of the Mahabharata states that it was Lord Ganesh (the elephant-headed god of the Hindus) who, at the behest of Vyasa, wrote the epic down on manuscript. Lord Ganesh is said to have agreed, but only on condition that Vyasa never pause in his recitation. Vyasa then put a counter-condition that Ganesh understand whatever he recited, before writing it down. In this way Vyasa could get some respite from continuously speaking by saying a vers ...
See also:Mahabharata, Mahabharata - Primary purport, Mahabharata - Background and history, Mahabharata - The Mahabharata the epic story, Mahabharata - Stories, Mahabharata - Structure, Mahabharata - Modern Mahabharata, Mahabharata - Another Viewpoint, Mahabharata - The Significance of Mahabharata, Mahabharata - Symbolism of Mahabharata Read more here: » Mahabharata: Encyclopedia II - Mahabharata - Background and history |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jain Worship and RitualsJains have built temples where images of their Tirthankaras are venerated. Jain rituals can be elaborate and include offerings of symbolic objects, with the Tirthankaras being praised in chant. In some Jain sects, temples and images are not required.
Every day Jains bow their heads and say their universal prayer, the Navakar Mantra. All good work and events start with this prayer of salutation and worship.
Jain worship may or may not involve temples. The sadhumargi Shvetambar Jains and the followers of Shrimad Rajachandra sect do not have temples. The Taranpanthi J ...
See also:Jainism, Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma, Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology, Jainism - Beliefs and practices, Jainism - Jain Symbols, Jainism - Jain Literature, Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals, Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions, Jainism - Geographical spread and influence, Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture, Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology, Jainism - Holy sites, Jainism - Jain Temples in the West, Jainism - Holy days, Jainism - Jainism and other religions Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Mahabharata - Primary purportWith its vast philosophical depth and sheer magnitude, a consummate embodiment of the ethos of not only grand India but of Hinduism and Vedic tradition, the Mahabharata's scope and grandeur is best summarized by one quotation from the beginning of its first parva (section): "What is found here, may be found elsewhere. What is not found here, will not be found elsewhere."
Many scholars in recent history have viewed Ramayana as an ethnically-induced conflict between the indigenious conquered Dravidian peoples and the established ...
See also:Mahabharata, Mahabharata - Primary purport, Mahabharata - Background and history, Mahabharata - The Mahabharata the epic story, Mahabharata - Stories, Mahabharata - Structure, Mahabharata - Modern Mahabharata, Mahabharata - Another Viewpoint, Mahabharata - The Significance of Mahabharata, Mahabharata - Symbolism of Mahabharata Read more here: » Mahabharata: Encyclopedia II - Mahabharata - Primary purport |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Seeing the BuddhaA line caught the young monk's eyes: "All Buddhas arise in the human world; no one achieves Buddhahood in heaven." With that verse, all doubts hanging in his mind evaporated. At last, Yin Shun found the answer to his question. Tears of joy rolled uncontrollably down his cheeks. According to him, it was that day he saw the Buddhas---these Buddhas existed in the world.
Yin Shun - The Buddha in the World.
In 1941, at age thirty-six, Master Yin Shun so de ...
See also:Yin Shun, Yin Shun - Biography, Yin Shun - Early years, Yin Shun - Quest for the Truth, Yin Shun - Discovering Buddhism, Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic, Yin Shun - Searching for the Dharma, Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in China, Yin Shun - Seeing the Buddha, Yin Shun - The Buddha in the World, Yin Shun - Achievements, Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng Yen, Yin Shun - Signs of waning health, Yin Shun - Death and Funeral Read more here: » Yin Shun: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Seeing the Buddha |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - AchievementsIn the 1950s, Master Yin Shun observed that the Buddhist monks and nuns in Taiwan, just like those in his hometown, seemed to be only concerned about performing rituals, and not educating other monks, nuns or laypeople with the Buddha's philosophy.
Worried about this unfavorable situation, Master Yin Shun decided to reverse the trend. The society, including the Buddhist sangha, of that time saw women as inferior to men. Women had few chances to receive an education. Inspired by Master Yin Shun's belief that studies would enhance a nun's spiritual growth, a nun named Master Shuan Shen opened the Hsinchu W ...
See also:Yin Shun, Yin Shun - Biography, Yin Shun - Early years, Yin Shun - Quest for the Truth, Yin Shun - Discovering Buddhism, Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic, Yin Shun - Searching for the Dharma, Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in China, Yin Shun - Seeing the Buddha, Yin Shun - The Buddha in the World, Yin Shun - Achievements, Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng Yen, Yin Shun - Signs of waning health, Yin Shun - Death and Funeral Read more here: » Yin Shun: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Achievements |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng YenOn February 1963, a thirty-two-day novitiate for Buddhist monks and nuns was held in Taipei. Monks and nuns came from all over Taiwan to register. All were accepted except a young female devotee from Hualien, a county in eastern Taiwan.
Master Yin Shun recalled the day he first met Master Cheng Yen:
"Hui Yin, a student of mine, brought her to the Hui Jih Lecture Hall, where I lived, to purchase The Complete Teachings of Master Tai Xu. Hui Yin told me that the woman had been rejected from the novitiate because she had shaved ...
See also:Yin Shun, Yin Shun - Biography, Yin Shun - Early years, Yin Shun - Quest for the Truth, Yin Shun - Discovering Buddhism, Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic, Yin Shun - Searching for the Dharma, Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in China, Yin Shun - Seeing the Buddha, Yin Shun - The Buddha in the World, Yin Shun - Achievements, Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng Yen, Yin Shun - Signs of waning health, Yin Shun - Death and Funeral Read more here: » Yin Shun: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng Yen |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Mahabharata - In modern timesBetween 1919 and 1966, the scholars at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, compared the various manuscripts of the epic from India and abroad and produced a Critical Edition of the Mahabharata. This is the text that is usually used in current Mahabharata studies for reference.
In the late 1980s, the Mahabharata (IMDb entry) was televised and shown on India's national TV (Doordarshan). Directed by B. R. Chopra, it was immensely popular, so much so that streets were deserted when it was telecast and even Cabinet meetings w ...
See also:Mahabharata, Mahabharata - Scope, Mahabharata - Background and history, Mahabharata - The central story, Mahabharata - The books, Mahabharata - Jaimini's version, Mahabharata - In modern times, Mahabharata - Another Viewpoint Read more here: » Mahabharata: Encyclopedia II - Mahabharata - In modern times |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in ChinaChang, now known as the Venerable Yin Shun, noticed that Buddhism in China was waning. The Buddhist scriptures, the lectures and teachings of the Buddha ought to be studied, understood, and above all practiced in daily life by Buddhists. But in China, the scriptures were nothing more than chanting materials for funerals.
In his hometown, monks only chanted sutras for the dead, while their major duty of expounding the Buddha's teachings to those who were still alive was completely ignored. The decline and lack of dedication of the contemporary Sangha worried young Yin Shun de ...
See also:Yin Shun, Yin Shun - Biography, Yin Shun - Early years, Yin Shun - Quest for the Truth, Yin Shun - Discovering Buddhism, Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic, Yin Shun - Searching for the Dharma, Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in China, Yin Shun - Seeing the Buddha, Yin Shun - The Buddha in the World, Yin Shun - Achievements, Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng Yen, Yin Shun - Signs of waning health, Yin Shun - Death and Funeral Read more here: » Yin Shun: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in China |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic
Yin Shun - Searching for the Dharma.
In 1930, Zhang applied to a Buddhist college in Beijing. His entrance exam consisted of an essay. His essay thesis talked about how the Buddha Dharma is aimed at eradicating suffering and obtaining bliss. He was accepted into the college a few days later. However, the notification for the school commencement never appeared in the papers. Anxious, Ch ...
See also:Yin Shun, Yin Shun - Biography, Yin Shun - Early years, Yin Shun - Quest for the Truth, Yin Shun - Discovering Buddhism, Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic, Yin Shun - Searching for the Dharma, Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in China, Yin Shun - Seeing the Buddha, Yin Shun - The Buddha in the World, Yin Shun - Achievements, Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng Yen, Yin Shun - Signs of waning health, Yin Shun - Death and Funeral Read more here: » Yin Shun: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Beliefs and practicesOn one hand, there are the monks, who practice severe asceticism and strive to make this birth their last. On the other hand, there are the lay people, who pursue less rigorous practices, striving to attain rational faith and do good deeds in this birth. Due to the strict ethics embedded in Jainism, the laity must choose a profession and livelihood that does not involve violence to self and other living beings.
In their effort to attain their highest and most exalted state of being a Siddha, which is the permanent release of the jiva ...
See also:Jainism, Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma, Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology, Jainism - Beliefs and practices, Jainism - Jain Symbols, Jainism - Jain Literature, Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals, Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions, Jainism - Geographical spread and influence, Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture, Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology, Jainism - Holy sites, Jainism - Jain Temples in the West, Jainism - Holy days, Jainism - Jainism and other religions Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Beliefs and practices |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Overview of Jain DharmaJain philosophy is a codification of eternal universal truths, which at times lapse among humanity, but later reappear through the teachings of human beings who have gained enlightenment or omniscience (Keval Gnan). According to tradition, Lord Rishabha (ऋषभ, sometimes pronounced as रिषभ) was the first to realize those truths in this place and time cycle. More recently were Lord Parshva (877-777 BCE) and Lord Vardh ...
See also:Jainism, Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma, Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology, Jainism - Beliefs and practices, Jainism - Jain Symbols, Jainism - Jain Literature, Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals, Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions, Jainism - Geographical spread and influence, Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture, Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology, Jainism - Holy sites, Jainism - Jain Temples in the West, Jainism - Holy days, Jainism - Jainism and other religions Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma |
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|  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jain SymbolsJains have few core symbols. One Jain symbol incorporates a wheel on the palm of the hand. The holiest one is a simple unadorned swastika or svastika.
Major Jains symbols include:
24 Lanchhanas for Tirthankaras
The Ashta-mangalas
Om
Triratna and Shrivatsa symbols.
The dreams of Tirthankara's mother
Dharma-chakra and Siddha-chakra
...
See also:Jainism, Jainism - Overview of Jain Dharma, Jainism - Universal History and Jain Cosmology, Jainism - Beliefs and practices, Jainism - Jain Symbols, Jainism - Jain Literature, Jainism - Jain Worship and Rituals, Jainism - Digambar and Shvetambar Traditions, Jainism - Geographical spread and influence, Jainism - Jain Contributions to Indian Culture, Jainism - Jainism and Indian Archaeology, Jainism - Holy sites, Jainism - Jain Temples in the West, Jainism - Holy days, Jainism - Jainism and other religions Read more here: » Jainism: Encyclopedia II - Jainism - Jain Symbols |
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| |  |  |  | Karma: Encyclopedia II - Reincarnation - Common variations in the beliefIn recalling past lives, there are a number of variations that need to be examined, which are important to its adherants.
In the Urantia Book, reincarnation does not always happen. Reincarnation takes place among those souls who have divined the divine meaning and purpose and signification of their life, basically having evolved sufficiently to awaken some form of immortal awareness. Otherwise, death is a permanent affair. The cosmology of the Urantia Book is very complex ...
See also:Reincarnation, Reincarnation - Overview, Reincarnation - Reincarnation in various religions traditions and philosophies, Reincarnation - Eastern religions and traditions, Reincarnation - Western religions and traditions, Reincarnation - Contemporary movements and thinkers, Reincarnation - Common variations in the belief, Reincarnation - Reincarnation Research, Reincarnation - Objections to reincarnation, Reincarnation - Theories put forward to explain the phenomenon, Reincarnation - A theory of reincarnation Read more here: » Reincarnation: Encyclopedia II - Reincarnation - Common variations in the belief |
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