purushartha

The four standard goals of human life: dharma (religiosity), artha (economic development), kama (sense gratification), and moksha (liberation).

(See also: purushartha, Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Moksha:

Moksha. Ultimate spiritual liberation from material bondage. One of the 4 duties of a human. The others are Dharma, Artha and Kama.

(See also: Moksha, Tantra, Tantra Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Makara-ketu (Sanskrit) [from makara fish + ketu banner]

The banner of Makara or fish-banner; a name of the god Kama because his banner bore a representation of Makara, the zodiacal Capricorn.

(See also: Makara-ketu, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Houen (Chinese) The lower portion of the human soul, corresponding to kama. The other human aspect is the ling, the higher ling corresponding to buddhi and the lower ling to manas (BCW 7:202). The houen after death becomes the kama-rupa or astral elementary. Chinese used to evoke houen in cases of murder to receive information on the case (BCW 7:205).

(See also: Houen, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Phantasma [from Greek phantazo to make visible, become visible]

Phantom; Greek equivalent for various astral appearances, not only for the occasional appearance of the linga-sarira to the physical eye, but also for the various astral phantoms or kama-rupas -- all originating in the lower regions of the astral light. The notion behind the word is of an image, appearance, eidolon, not the reality but seeming to be so. In this case the physical person was regarded as the reality, as in life; the phantasm was the astral image, as that of the kama-rupa of the dead Hector appearing to Aeneas.

(See also: Phantasma, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Houen (Chinese) The lower portion of the human soul, corresponding to kama. The other human aspect is the ling, the higher ling corresponding to buddhi and the lower ling to manas (BCW 7:202). The houen after death becomes the kama-rupa or astral elementary. Chinese used to evoke houen in cases of murder to receive information on the case (BCW 7:205).

(See also: Houah, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Kamadeva (Sanskrit) (from kama desire + deva god, divinity)

The Hindu god of love, one of the Visve-devas in the Hindu pantheon. As the Eros of Hesiod was connected in early Greek mythology with the world's creation, and only afterwards became degraded into the passional Cupid, so was Kama in his original meaning as used in the Vedas, which gives the metaphysical and philosophical significance of his functions in the cosmos. Kama is the first conscious, all-embracing desire for universal good, love, and the first feeling of infinite compassion and mercy for all that lives and feels, needs help and kindness, that arose in the consciousness of the creative One Force, as soon as it came into life and being as a ray from the Absolute. Kama "is in the Rig-Veda (x. 129) the personification of that feeling which leads and propels to creation. He was the first movement that stirred the One, after its manifestation from the purely abstract principle, to create. 'Desire first arose in It, which was the primal germ of mind; and which sages, searching with their intellect, have discovered to be the bond which connects Entity with Non-Entity' " (SD 2:176) -- or manas with pure atma-buddhi. Only later did kama become the power that gratifies desire on the animal plane.

In the Puranas, Kama is the king and lord of the apsarases. He is pictured armed with a bow and arrows: the bow is often represented to be of sugar cane, the bowstring a line of bees, and each arrow is tipped with a distinct flower which is devoted to, and supposed to preside over, one of the senses. He is also often represented as a handsome youth riding on a parrot and attended by nymphs, one of whom bears his banner displaying the Makara, or a fish on a red background.

The attributes ascribed to Kamadeva in exoteric literature rarely depict the full sway of this cosmic force or entity in its multifarious ranges of activity. Kama is not only a cosmic principle or entity but also is inherent in every unit of the innumerable hosts of entities which compose the cosmos. Thus kama is the fourth principle in the human constitution; and, just as in its cosmic activities and relations, kama is both a superior and an inferior activity; indeed, it may be said to be divine in its higher aspects, just as it is physical in its lowest fields of action.

(See also: Kamadeva, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Second Death Adopted from its use by the ancients, such as the Greeks and Romans who wrote and taught of the second death even publicly (cf Key 98-9).

When a person dies the three lower of his seven principles (sthula-sarira, linga-sarira, prana) are immediately cast off, and the four higher principles (kama, manas, buddhi, atman) enter kama-loka, there to await the second death. The length of time that this fourfold entity remains in kama-loka is determined by the general characteristics of the life just ended on earth: if there has been during life but small attachment in the intermediate nature (kama-manas) to things of earth, there will perforce by little or nothing to hold the entity in kama-loka, which it will traverse relatively rapidly; and the preparation for the entry into the next state of consciousness or devachan proceeds normally and smoothly.

The sojourn in kama-loka will be longer if the deceased has strong and active attractions earthward, for in such cases the defunct is earth-bound, and the time before the second death occurs, after which follows the entry into devachan, is in all cases proportionate to the strength of the attraction towards earth and its affairs.

The second death takes place when the two highest human principles, atman and buddhi, free themselves from the fourfold entity, but such separation of the monad takes place only after it has assimilated all the higher intellectual and truly spiritual attributes which the manas principle has stored up during the last life on earth. The ego then is freed from all low attractions and enters into devachanic bliss for a period according to its richness in human spiritual qualities.

After the monad in the second death has abandoned the lower part of manas joined to kama, there remains the shell or spook (kama-rupa) which under normal conditions immediately begins to disintegrate in kama-loka. Thus after the second death the immortal triad -- atman, buddhi, and all the spiritual and intellectual aroma of the manas -- is freed, and the reimbodying ego or higher manas enters the devachanic state, and sleeps blissfully there till beginning its new cycle of descent towards reincarnation.

(See also: Second Death, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Thumoeides (Greek) [from thymos passional soul + eidos form]

The name given by Plato to a division of the psychomental nature, the animal or passional soul, kama-manas, in contrast with a still lower division of kama-manas which he called epithumetikon (appetitive, or that which has appetite for). Above both these, which together comprise what other Greek philosophers called the psyche, is the nous, the seat of inspiration, intuition, the highest intellection, and similar noble attributes or faculties, corresponding to the buddhi-manas or atma-buddhi-manas.

(See also: Thumoeides, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul)

Manomaya-kosa (Sanskrit) [from manas mind + maya built of, formed of from the verbal root ma to measure, form, with the idea of illusory manifestation + kosa sheath]

The sheath formed of mind, the human soul; according to the Vedantic classification of the human principles, the third of the pancha-kosa (five sheaths) which enclose the divine monad or atman. Manomaya-kosa corresponds with the lower manas combined with kama, and therefore has a closer affinity with the fourth principle, kama, than with the sixth or buddhi.

(See also: Manomaya-kosa, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Chiliocosm (Greek) (from chilioi thousand + kosmos world)

In Northern Buddhism, a world made up of a thousand regions; spoken of as equivalent to Sahalo-Kadhatu (Saha-lokadhatu)

(ML 199), out of the many regions of which only three are named: kama-loka, rupa-loka, and arupa-loka. It is also stated that kama-loka has many subdivisions or subregions, so that the threefold enumeration is a rough summary of a manifold classification.

It might be said that the universe is infilled with chiliososms, each one corresponding more or less to a hierarchy with its own integral system of worlds, regions, or divisions, each division again being subdivided to form the vast complexity of universal nature we see around us. Further, each such hierarchy from another standpoint consists of divine, spiritual, intellectual, astral, or astral-physical divisions running from the higher downwards to the lowest; and the three lowest of each such chiliocosm bear the names kama-loka (or kama-dhatu), rupa-loka (or rupa-dhatu), and arupa-loka (or arupa-dhatu), these three commonly spoken of as the trailokya, the name applying to whatever universe, hierarchy, or chiliocosm they may be in or belong to.

With regard to the trailokya, the lowest or kama-dhatu is generally the various subordinate or lowest regions of desire; the second or rupa-dhatu, while worlds of form, are of such ethereal and subtle character that they may be defined as worlds or regions of a purely intellectual or mental character; whereas the highest or arupa-dhatu comprises regions of so purely spiritual -- not merely ethereal -- character that the words states or divisions can alone give some idea of their character.

(See also: Chiliocosm, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Desire A word whose shades of meaning range from mere animal desire to that of cosmic kama or eros which "first arose in It," bringing spirit into union with matter and giving rise to the creation or emanation of various classes of beings.

It can also be lofty spiritual aspiration, the yearning upwards with the undying desire for the divine, or impersonal love, or again, the urge to become united or one with others. Many words overlap it in meaning, such as will, attraction, love, and cupidity, and it is generally used as a translation of the Sanskrit kama.

Philosophically, it is often synonymous with abstract will, as when kama is called sometimes desire and sometimes will, so that will and desire seem to blend into one on the higher ranges. In the saying, behind will stands desire, will is a colorless force set in motion by desire, much as a current is set up by an electromotive force. From another viewpoint, will, as an abstract motor in the human constitution, arises from the higher or spiritual-intellectual ranges of the kama principle itself, for "Will and Desire are the higher and lower aspects of one and the same thing" (BCW 12:702).

See also KAMA; EROS

(See also: Desire, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Moksha:

Moksha: Ultimate release (BV-10), liberation from the cycle of birth and dead, (BV-33), Liberation; one of the Four Goals of Human Life together with Dharma, Artha, Kama (Righteousness, Welfare and Endeavour) (RRV-5), (BV-36).

(See also: Moksha, Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Hsing (Chinese) Used in the I Ching for an individual's character or the soul's qualities. In the sevenfold classification of human principles, equivalent to kama:

"Zhing (hsing)

, which is translated correctly enough 'essence,' is the more subtle and pure part of matter -- the grosser form of the elementary ether" (BCW 4:242).

(See also: Hsing, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Hsing (Chinese) Used in the I Ching for an individual's character or the soul's qualities. In the sevenfold classification of human principles, equivalent to kama:

"Zhing (hsing)

, which is translated correctly enough 'essence,' is the more subtle and pure part of matter -- the grosser form of the elementary ether" (BCW 4:242).

(See also: Hsin, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Jang-khog bhang-khog (Tibetan) The kama-rupa or animal soul in the human constitution, the aspect which can be evoked by necromancy. (BCW 6:107-8)

(See also: Jang-khog bhang-khog, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Agnoia or Anoia (Greek) (cf Sanskrit jna; Latin gnosco, nosco; English know, etc.)

Mindlessness, folly; the opposite of nous. In Plato the soul (psyche) attaches itself either to nous or to anoia, which is analogous to the theosophical teaching regarding buddhi-manas and kama-manas.

(See also: Agnoia, Anoia, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Animus (Latin) The rational soul, as opposed to anima (the vital or animal soul); though both words were often loosely used by the Romans, much as we use soul and mind. It corresponds with the theosophical kama-manas, and anima with prana-manas.

(See also: Animus, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Cupid (from Latin cupido desire, equivalent to Greek eros)

A being symbolizing desire in the various senses of the term, ranging from that primary formative force which brings about the union of spirit and matter, to erotic passion.

See also EROS; KAMA; PSYCHE

(See also: Cupid, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Ba (Egyptian) The human soul; closely connected with the heart, and usually depicted as a hawk with a human head. It was regarded in the nature of a human "double," and mortal, equivalent to prana in some of its functions, or to kama-manas.

(See also: Ba, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Atmabhu (Sanskrit) (from atman self + bhu to become)

Self-existent, self-becoming, hence self-born. Applied to each member of the Hindu Trimurti -- Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva -- likewise to the god of cosmic desire or unity, Kama-deva.

(See also: Atmabhu, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Eidolon (from Greek eidolon form, shape; a phantom-double of the human form; Latin simulacrum)

The astral double of living beings; the shade or perisprit, the kama-rupa after death before its disintegration. The phantom which can appear under certain conditions to survivors of the deceased.

(See also: Eidolon, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)