Bulgaria has over 10 major national parks and many reservation areas. Central Balkan National Park Golden Sands National Park Pirin National Park Rhodope National Park Rila National Park Roussenski Lom National Park Sinite Kamani National Park Shoumen Plateau National Park Stara Planina (Balkan Mountains) Strandja National Park Vitosha National Park Vratchansky Balkan National Park Bulgarian N ...

See also:

Bulgaria, Bulgaria - History, Bulgaria - Politics, Bulgaria - Executive, Bulgaria - Legislative, Bulgaria - Judiciary, Bulgaria - Regional and local government, Bulgaria - Regions, Bulgaria - Geography, Bulgaria - Economy, Bulgaria - Demographics, Bulgaria - Culture, Bulgaria - Religion, Bulgaria - National parks, Bulgaria - Miscellaneous topics, Bulgaria - English language Bulgarian media, Bulgaria - Other

Read more here: » Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Bulgaria - National parks

In ancient historical times the Volga was known as the Atil, Itil or Idil, a Turkic name meaning "long river." The arrival of the Turkics, however, postdates the more remote occupation of the region by Indoeuropeans. Specifically, "Volga" is probably a Slavicization of a proto-Baltic name related to Lithuanian Jilga, "long river". The upper Volga was the border of a prehistoric Baltic-speaking population, as attested by river names. Such names as Ilgupe, "the long river", and others like it are frequent in Lithuania an ...

See also:

Volga River, Volga River - Description, Volga River - Confluents, Volga River - Human History, Volga River - Ethnic Groups, Volga River - Navigation, Volga River - Related articles

Read more here: » Volga River: Encyclopedia II - Volga River - Human History

Main article: Economy of Bulgaria Bulgaria's economy contracted dramatically after 1989 with the loss of the market of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) member states, to which the Bulgarian economy had been closely tied. The standard of living fell by about 40%, but it regained pre-1990 levels in June 2004. In addition, UN sanctions against Yugoslavia and Iraq took a heavy toll on the Bulgarian economy. The first signs of recovery emerged in 1994 when the GDP grew and inflation fell. During 1996, however, th ...

See also:

Bulgaria, Bulgaria - History, Bulgaria - Politics, Bulgaria - Executive, Bulgaria - Legislative, Bulgaria - Judiciary, Bulgaria - Regional and local government, Bulgaria - Regions, Bulgaria - Geography, Bulgaria - Economy, Bulgaria - Demographics, Bulgaria - Culture, Bulgaria - Religion, Bulgaria - National parks, Bulgaria - Miscellaneous topics, Bulgaria - English language Bulgarian media, Bulgaria - Other

Read more here: » Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Bulgaria - Economy

Main article: Demographics of Bulgaria According to the 2001 census, Bulgaria's population is mainly ethnic Bulgarian (83.9%), with two sizable minorities in the form of Turks (9.4%) and Roma (4.7%). Of the remaining 2.0%, 0.9% are distributed among some forty smaller minorities, the most numerous of which are the Armenians, Russians, Vlachs, Crimean Tatars, Karakachans and Macedonian Slavs; the people who have not declared their ethnicity are 1.1% of the total population. 84.8% of the Bulgarian population speak Bulgarian, a me ...

See also:

Bulgaria, Bulgaria - History, Bulgaria - Politics, Bulgaria - Executive, Bulgaria - Legislative, Bulgaria - Judiciary, Bulgaria - Regional and local government, Bulgaria - Regions, Bulgaria - Geography, Bulgaria - Economy, Bulgaria - Demographics, Bulgaria - Culture, Bulgaria - Religion, Bulgaria - National parks, Bulgaria - Miscellaneous topics, Bulgaria - English language Bulgarian media, Bulgaria - Other

Read more here: » Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Bulgaria - Demographics

Brahmanism - Buddhism. Such a man arose in the person of a prince of Kapilavastu, Siddhārtha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism (about the 6th century BC). Had it only been for the philosophical tenets of Buddha, they need scarcely have caused, and probably did not cause, any great uneasiness to the orthodox theologians. He did, indeed, go one step beyond Kapila, by altogether denying the existence of the soul as a substance, and admitting only ...

See also:

Brahmanism, Brahmanism - Theology, Brahmanism - Pantheism, Brahmanism - Caste, Brahmanism - Sub castes, Brahmanism - Maharashtrian sub-castes:, Brahmanism - South Indian brahmin sub-castes:, Brahmanism - The four stages of life, Brahmanism - Sacramental rites, Brahmanism - Vegetarianism, Brahmanism - Moksha, Brahmanism - Evolution of Brahminism, Brahmanism - Brahmin Supremacy, Brahmanism - Trimurti, Brahmanism - Challenge To Brahmin Supremacy and Caste System, Brahmanism - Buddhism, Brahmanism - Charvaka, Brahmanism - B.R. Ambedkar, Brahmanism - Famous Brahmins

Read more here: » Brahmanism: Encyclopedia II - Brahmanism - Challenge To Brahmin Supremacy and Caste System

Love - Christian. There are several Greek words for Love that are regularly referred to in Christian circles. Agape - In the New Testament, agapē is charitable, selfless, altruistic, and unconditional. It is parental love seen as creating goodness in the world, it is the way God is seen to love humanity, and it is seen as the kind of love that Christians aspire to have for one another. Phileo - Also used in the New Testament, Phileo is a human response to something that is fou ...

See also:

Love, Love - Impersonal love, Love - Religious love, Love - Scientific models, Love - Attraction and attachment, Love - Companionate vs. passionate, Love - Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, Love - Love styles, Love - Phases, Love - Cultural views, Love - Chinese, Love - Japanese, Love - Ancient Greek, Love - Latin, Love - Religious views, Love - Christian, Love - Buddhist, Love - Hindu, Love - Islamic, Love - Jewish, Love - Mythological, Love - Theological, Love - Human love, Love - Other types of love philias

Read more here: » Love: Encyclopedia II - Love - Religious views

Main article: Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria In 1223, an advance guard of Genghis Khan's army entered Volga Bulgaria but was fought back. In 1236, the Mongols returned but it took them 5 years to subjugate the whole country. Thenceforth Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde. It was divided into several principalities; later each of them became a vassal of the Golden Horde and received some autonomy. By the 1430s, the Khanate of Kazan was established as the most import ...

See also:

Volga Bulgaria, Volga Bulgaria - Origin, Volga Bulgaria - Heyday, Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Read more here: » Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Volga Bulgaria - Decline

A large part of the region's population was Turkic and included Suars, Barsil, Bilars, Baranjars and part of Burtas (by ibn Rustah). Modern Chuvashes and Kazan Tatars descend from the Volga Bulgars, although linguistic evidence suggests that the Chuvashes represent an earlier Turkic ethnos, which may be connected to the Huns. Another part comprised Finnic and Magyaric (Asagel and Pascatir) tribes, from whic ...

See also:

Volga Bulgaria, Volga Bulgaria - Origin, Volga Bulgaria - Heyday, Volga Bulgaria - Decline

Read more here: » Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Volga Bulgaria - Heyday

Main article: Geography of Bulgaria Bulgaria is comprised of portions of the classical regions of Thrace, Moesia, and Macedonia. The southwest of the country is mountainous and includes the highest peak of the Balkan Peninsula, peak Musala at 2,925 m; the range of the Balkan mountains runs west-east through the middle of the country, north of the famous Rose Valley. Hilly country and plains are found in the southeast, along the Black Sea coast in the east, and along Bulgaria's main river, the Danube in the north. Other major rivers include the Stru ...

See also:

Bulgaria, Bulgaria - History, Bulgaria - Politics, Bulgaria - Executive, Bulgaria - Legislative, Bulgaria - Judiciary, Bulgaria - Regional and local government, Bulgaria - Regions, Bulgaria - Geography, Bulgaria - Economy, Bulgaria - Demographics, Bulgaria - Culture, Bulgaria - Religion, Bulgaria - National parks, Bulgaria - Miscellaneous topics, Bulgaria - English language Bulgarian media, Bulgaria - Other

Read more here: » Bulgaria: Encyclopedia II - Bulgaria - Geography

The main article is Siberian Tatars The Siberian Tatars were estimated (1895) at 80,000 of Turkic stock, and about 40,000 had Uralic or Ugric ancestry. They occupy three distinct regions—a strip running west to east from Tobolsk to Tomsk—the Altai and its spurs—and South Yeniseisk. They originated in the agglomerations of Turkic stems that, in the region north of the Altai, reached some degree of culture between the 4th and the 5th centuries, but were subdued and enslaved by the Mongols. They are difficult to classify for ...

See also:

Tatars, Tatars - European Tatars, Tatars - Volga Tatars, Tatars - Tatars of Crimea Ukraine and Poland, Tatars - Caucasian Tatars, Tatars - Nogais on the Kuma, Tatars - Karachays, Tatars - Mountain Tatars, Tatars - Siberian Tatars, Tatars - Baraba Tatars, Tatars - Cholym Tatars, Tatars - Abakan Tatars, Tatars - Northern Altai Tatars, Tatars - Altaians, Tatars - Generic meaning, Tatars - Authorities, Tatars - Chinese Tatars

Read more here: » Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Tatars - Siberian Tatars

Consecrated in 967, Banteay Srei was the only major temple at Angkor not built for the king; instead it was constructed by one of king Rajendravarman's counsellors, Yajnyavahara. The temple was primarily dedicated to Shiva (the southern buildings and the central tower were devoted to him, but the northern ones to Vishnu). It lies near the hill of Phnom Dei 25 km (15 miles) northeast of the main group of temples, where the capital of the time (Yashodharapura) was located. ...

See also:

Banteay Srei, Banteay Srei - History, Banteay Srei - Style, Banteay Srei - The site, Banteay Srei - Notes

Read more here: » Banteay Srei: Encyclopedia II - Banteay Srei - History

The Tatars (塔塔尔族) form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Chinese Tatar's ancestors are Volga Tatar tradesmen who settled mostly in Xinjiang. Note that the Chinese had often used the term Tartars or Tazi/Dazi in Chinese in a derogatory manner to generalize non-Han groups from the North, such as the Mongols and Jurchens/Manchus especially during periods where China was invaded by these groups, for example during the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. Chinese ethnic grou ...

See also:

Tatars, Tatars - European Tatars, Tatars - Volga Tatars, Tatars - Tatars of Crimea Ukraine and Poland, Tatars - Caucasian Tatars, Tatars - Nogais on the Kuma, Tatars - Karachays, Tatars - Mountain Tatars, Tatars - Siberian Tatars, Tatars - Baraba Tatars, Tatars - Cholym Tatars, Tatars - Abakan Tatars, Tatars - Northern Altai Tatars, Tatars - Altaians, Tatars - Generic meaning, Tatars - Authorities, Tatars - Chinese Tatars

Read more here: » Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Tatars - Chinese Tatars

The head of government in Udmurtia is the President, who is elected for a five-year term. As of 2005, the president is Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov, who assumed his post on November 3, 2000. Prior to the elections, Volkov was the Chairman of the Republic's Council—the highest post at that time. The Republic's parliament is the State Council, popularly elected every five years. The State Council has 100 deputies. The Republic's constitu ...

See also:

Udmurtia, Udmurtia - Geography, Udmurtia - Time zone, Udmurtia - Rivers, Udmurtia - Lakes, Udmurtia - Natural Resources, Udmurtia - Climate, Udmurtia - Administrative divisions, Udmurtia - Demographics, Udmurtia - History, Udmurtia - Politics, Udmurtia - Economy, Udmurtia - Culture, Udmurtia - Education, Udmurtia - Religion

Read more here: » Udmurtia: Encyclopedia II - Udmurtia - Politics

The oblast's current Governor is Eduard Rossel, one of the most prominent regional politicians in Russia. The oblast's Charter, or Constitution (Russian: Устав; Ustav), adopted on December 17, 1994, with subsequent amendments, establishes the oblast government. The Governor (губернатор; gubernator)is the chief executive, who appoints the Government, consisting of ministries and departments. The Chairman/President of the Government (председатель правительства; predsedatel pravitelstvaSee also:

Sverdlovsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Geography, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Time zone, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Natural resources, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Climate, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Administrative divisions, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Demographics, Sverdlovsk Oblast - History, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Politics, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Economy and transportation, Sverdlovsk Oblast - External link

Read more here: » Sverdlovsk Oblast: Encyclopedia II - Sverdlovsk Oblast - Politics

Russian conquest of the Khanate of Kazan in the 1550s paved the way further east which was now free from Tatar depredations (see Yermak Timofeyevich). The first surviving Russian settlements in the area date back to the late 16th - early 17th centuries (Verkhoturye, 1598; Turinsk, 1600; Irbit, 1633; Alapayevsk, 1639). In the 18th and 19th centuries the area became the industrial heartland of Russia due to its rich deposits of iron and coal (see above). Local industry received another impetus during the World War II when important prod ...

See also:

Sverdlovsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Geography, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Time zone, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Natural resources, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Climate, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Administrative divisions, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Demographics, Sverdlovsk Oblast - History, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Politics, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Economy and transportation, Sverdlovsk Oblast - External link

Read more here: » Sverdlovsk Oblast: Encyclopedia II - Sverdlovsk Oblast - History

Population (2002): 4,486,214 (urban: 3,943,529, rural: 542,685) Ethnic groups: Of the 4,486,214 residents (as of the 2002 census) 28,957 (0.06%) chose not to specify their ethnic background. Of the rest, residents identified themselves as belonging to 148 ethnic groups, including 4,002,974 ethnic Russians (89%), 168,143 Tatars (3.75%), 55,478 Ukrainians (1.2%), 37,296 Bashkirs (0.8%), 27,863 Maris (0.6%), 22,540 Volga Germans (0.5%) and so on. Languages: to be ...

See also:

Sverdlovsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Geography, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Time zone, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Natural resources, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Climate, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Administrative divisions, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Demographics, Sverdlovsk Oblast - History, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Politics, Sverdlovsk Oblast - Economy and transportation, Sverdlovsk Oblast - External link

Read more here: » Sverdlovsk Oblast: Encyclopedia II - Sverdlovsk Oblast - Demographics

In Udmurtia, there are eight professional theaters, the Philharmonic Society, and more than ten state and numerous public museums which tell about history and culture of Udmurtia and its people, like the Museum of history and culture in Sarapul, or the Tchaikovsky Museum in Votkinsk. One of the oldest arms museums is located in Izhevsk. See also: Music of Udmurtia ...

See also:

Udmurtia, Udmurtia - Geography, Udmurtia - Time zone, Udmurtia - Rivers, Udmurtia - Lakes, Udmurtia - Natural Resources, Udmurtia - Climate, Udmurtia - Administrative divisions, Udmurtia - Demographics, Udmurtia - History, Udmurtia - Politics, Udmurtia - Economy, Udmurtia - Culture, Udmurtia - Education, Udmurtia - Religion

Read more here: » Udmurtia: Encyclopedia II - Udmurtia - Culture

(or Mishers) Mişär Tatars are a group of Tatars speaking a dialect of the Kazan Tatar language. They are descendants of Kipchaks in the Middle Oka and Meschiora where they mixed with the local Finno-Ugric tribes and Russians. Nowadays they live in Tambov, Penza, Ryazan oblasts of Russia and in Mordovia. ...

See also:

Volga Tatars, Volga Tatars - Kazan Qazan Tatars, Volga Tatars - Noqrat Tatars, Volga Tatars - Perm Tatars, Volga Tatars - Keräşen Tatars, Volga Tatars - Nağaybäks, Volga Tatars - Tiptär Tatars, Volga Tatars - Kazan Tatar language dialects, Volga Tatars - Mişär Tatars, Volga Tatars - Qasím Tatars, Volga Tatars - Astrakhan Tatars, Volga Tatars - Volga Tatars in the world

Read more here: » Volga Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Volga Tatars - Mişär Tatars

The Volga is of great importance to inland shipping and transport in Russia: all the dams in the river have been equipped with large (double) ship locks, so that vessels of considerable dimensions can actually travel from the Caspian Sea almost to the upstream end of the river. Connections with the Don River and the Black Sea are possible through the Volga-Don Canal; connections with the lakes of the North and with Saint Petersburg are possible through the Volga-Baltic Waterway and a liaison with Moscow has been realised by the Moscow Canal ...

See also:

Volga River, Volga River - Description, Volga River - Confluents, Volga River - Human History, Volga River - Ethnic Groups, Volga River - Navigation

Read more here: » Volga River: Encyclopedia II - Volga River - Navigation

The indigeneus population of Upper Volga were Finnic Merya, that were assimilated to Russians. Some theory sees Volga as a Finnic word valka to be translated as water. Another Finnic ethnic groups are Maris, Mordvins of Middle Volga. Turkic population, appeared in the 600s and assimilated some Finnic and Indo-European population at the Middle and Downer Volga, later were formed to Christian Chuvash and Muslim Tatars, also to Nogais, that was supplanted to Daghestan later. Mongolian Buddhis Kal ...

See also:

Volga River, Volga River - Description, Volga River - Confluents, Volga River - Human History, Volga River - Ethnic Groups, Volga River - Navigation

Read more here: » Volga River: Encyclopedia II - Volga River - Ethnic Groups

In ancient historical times the Volga was known as the Atil, Itil or Idil, a Turkic name meaning "long river." The arrival of the Turkics, however, postdates the more remote occupation of the region by Indoeuropeans. Specifically, "Volga" is probably a Slavicization of a proto-Baltic name related to Lithuanian Jilga, "long river". The upper Volga was the border of a prehistoric Baltic-speaking population, as attested by river names. Such names as Ilgupe, "the long river", and others like it are frequent in Lithuania an ...

See also:

Volga River, Volga River - Description, Volga River - Confluents, Volga River - Human History, Volga River - Ethnic Groups, Volga River - Navigation

Read more here: » Volga River: Encyclopedia II - Volga River - Human History

Astrakhan Tatars (nearly 70,000) is a group of Tatars, descanders of Astrakhan Khanate's agricultural population, living mostly in Astrakhan Oblast. During the cenus 2000 of Russia, most of Astrakhan Tatars determined themselves as common Tatars and few determined themselves as Astrakhan Tatars. A large number of common Volga Tatars (Kazan Tatars) are living in Astrakhan Oblast and differences between them tend to disappear. Text from Britannica 1911: The Astrakhan Tatars number about 10,000 and are, with the Mongol Kalmy ...

See also:

Volga Tatars, Volga Tatars - Kazan Qazan Tatars, Volga Tatars - Noqrat Tatars, Volga Tatars - Perm Tatars, Volga Tatars - Keräşen Tatars, Volga Tatars - Nağaybäks, Volga Tatars - Tiptär Tatars, Volga Tatars - Kazan Tatar language dialects, Volga Tatars - Mişär Tatars, Volga Tatars - Qasím Tatars, Volga Tatars - Astrakhan Tatars, Volga Tatars - Volga Tatars in the world

Read more here: » Volga Tatars: Encyclopedia II - Volga Tatars - Astrakhan Tatars