Kaifeng Jews

There are many different views as to the origin of the English language word Jew. The most common view is that the Middle English word Jew is from the Old French giu, earlier juieu, from the Latin iudeus from the Greek Ioudaios (Ιουδαίος). The Latin simply means Judaean, from the land of Judaea. The Hebrew for Jew, יהודי , is pronounced ye-hoo-DEE. The Hebrew letter Yodh (or Yud), י, used as a 'y' in the Hebrew language (as in the word ye-hoo-DEE), becomes a 'j' in languag ...

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Jew, Jew - Historical background, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

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Some uses of the term "Jew" are tainted by historic anti-Jewish bigotry. The correct adjectival form is "Jewish"; the use of "Jew" as an adjective (as in "Jew lawyer" rather than "Jewish lawyer") is associated with bigotry. The use of "Jew" or "jew" as a verb (as in "to jew someone down": to bargain for a lower price) is generally seen as an extremely offensive expression based on stereotypes. Even when used in a grammatically correct manner as a noun, the term "Jew" has been used to objectify and separate Jews from the remainder of t ...

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Jew, Jew - Historical background, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia II - Jew - Usage note

Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used. For discussions of the religious views on who is a Jew and how these views differ from each other, please see Who is a Jew?. Generally, in modern secular usage, Jews include three groups: people who practice Judaism and have a Jewish ethnic background (sometimes including those who do not have strictly matrilineal descent ...

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Jew, Jew - Historical background, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia II - Jew - Who is a Jew?

At least for three thousand years, the Jewish people have lived in the Land of Israel, where they developed a monotheistic religion and enjoyed periods of self-determination. As a result of foreign conquests and expulsions, the Jewish diaspora has formed. Most of the Jews were expelled from their national homeland by the Romans in the year 135 and since then had a troubled existence surviving discrimination, oppression, poverty and even extermination (see article Anti-Semitism), but sometimes also ...

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Jew, Jew - Historical background, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

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ISAIAH Chapter 11 verse 11 "And it shall come to pass in that day, that the LORD shall set his hand A SECOND TIME to recover the remnant (OTHER PART OF HIS PEOPLE), which shall be left from Assyria, and from Egypt, and from Pathros, and from Cush, and from Elam, and from Shinar, and from Hamath, and from the ISLANDS OF THE SEA." (THAT'S MANY PEOPLE FROM MANY PLACES) Verse 12: "The envy also of EPHRAIM shall depart, and the adversaries of JUDAH shall be cut off: EPHRAIM shall not ENVY JUDAH and JUDAH shall not VEX EPH ...

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Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Biblical Support of the Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

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According to Gen 49, Jacob (whose name had been changed to Israel - Gen 32:28, 35:9) gathers his sons (12 of them - Gen 29: 31-35, 30:1-13, 35:22-26) and gives them a prophecy (Gen 49:1-29). These are the Tribes: From the Eastern Tribes: Tribe of Judah, Tribe of Issachar, Tribe of Zebulun; The Southern Tribes: Reuben, Tribe of Simeon, Tribe of Gad; The Western Tribes: Tribe of Ephraim*, Tribe of Manasseh*, Tribe of Benjamin; The Northern Tribes: Tribe of Dan, Tribe of Asher, Tribe of Naphtali. *These are the sons of Joseph, who had been in c ...

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Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Biblical Support of the Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

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There are various factions who have interpreted totally different meanings from the term Lost Ten Tribes, often with antisemitic elements. These groups, now referred to as the Christian Identity movement, seem to have also emerged during the 19th century. Many groups who identified themselves as Christian felt the need to identify their groups with the Lost Ten Tribes in order to set themselves apart from mainstream Christianity, which they despised for various reasons includi ...

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Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Biblical Support of the Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

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There are various factions who have attempted to create totally different meanings to the term Lost Ten Tribes, often with antisemitic elements. These groups, now referred to as the Christian Identity movement, seem to have also emerged during the 19th century. Many groups who identified themselves as Christian felt the need to identify their groups with the Lost Ten Tribes in order to set themselves apart from mainstream Christianity, whom they despised ...

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Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations

According to Gen 49, Jacob (whose name had been changed to Israel - Gen 32:28, 35:9) gathers his sons (12 of them - Gen 29: 31-35, 30:1-13, 35:22-26) and gives them a prophecy (Gen 49:1-29). These are the Tribes: From the Eastern Tribes: Tribe of Judah, Tribe of Issachar, Tribe of Zebulun; The Southern Tribes: Reuben, Tribe of Simeon, Tribe of Gad; The Western Tribes: Tribe of Ephraim*, Tribe of Manasseh*, Tribe of Benjamin; The Northern Tribes: Tribe of Dan, Tribe of Asher, Tribe of Naphtali. *These are the sons of Joseph, who had been in c ...

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Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history

Prior to World War II the world population of Jews was approximately 18 million. The Holocaust reduced this number to approximately 12 million. Today, there are an estimated 13 million [1] to 14.6 million[2] Jews worldwide in over 134 countries. Jew - Signif ...

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Jew, Jew - Historical background, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

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The most commonly used terms to describe ethnic divisions among Jews currently are: Ashkenazi (meaning "German" in Hebrew, denoting the Central European base of Jewry); and Sephardi (meaning "Spanish" or "Iberia" in Hebrew, denoting their Spanish, Portuguese and North African location). They refer to both religious and ethnic divisions. Other Jewish ethnic groups include Mizrahi Jews (a term overlapping Sephardi, but emphasizing North African and Middle Eastern rather than Spanish history, and including the Maghre ...

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Jew, Jew - Historical background, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia II - Jew - Ethnic divisions

Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used. For discussions of the religious views on who is a Jew and how these views differ from each other, please see Who is a Jew?. Generally, in modern secular usage, Jews include three groups: people who practice Judaism and have a Jewish ethnic background (sometimes including those who do not have strictly matrilineal descent ...

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Jew, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia II - Jew - Who is a Jew?

Religion in China - Falun Gong. Main article: Falun Gong Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven. Main article: Way of Former Heaven I-Kuān Tao ("Way of Unity") T'ung-shan She ("Society of Goodness") Tien-te Sheng-chiao ("Sacred Religion of Celestial Virtue") Tao-yuan ("Sanctuary of the Tao")See also:

Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

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The People's Republic of China was established in 1949 and for much of its early history maintained a hostile attitude toward religion which was seen as emblematic of feudalism and foreign colonialism. Houses of worship, including temples, mosques, and churches, were converted into non-religious buildings for secular use. In the early years of the People's Republic, religious belief or practice was often discouraged because it was regarded by the government as backwards and superstitious and because some Communist leaders, ranging from Vladi ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

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As long ago as Biblical times, cultural and linguistic differences between Jewish communities even within the area of Palestine are observed both within the Bible itself as well as from archeological remains. The full extent of these differences, however, is unknown at this time. Following the defeat of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, the Jewish people were dispersed throughout the Middle East, especially in Egypt, Yemen and Mesopotamia. By the height of the Roman Empire, Jewish communities could be found in nearly every notable settlement ...

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Jewish ethnic divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - History, Jewish ethnic divisions - In Israel, Jewish ethnic divisions - Divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - Europe and the Caucasus, Jewish ethnic divisions - Middle East and Central Asia, Jewish ethnic divisions - Africa, Jewish ethnic divisions - India and China, Jewish ethnic divisions - Americas

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Main article: Judaism in China During the Tang Dynasty (7-10 cent. CE) or earlier, small groups of Jews settled in China. The most prominent early community was at Kaifeng, in Henan province. (see Kaifeng Jews) In the 20th century, many Jews arrived in Hong Kong and Shanghai during those cities' periods of economic expansion in the first decades of the century, as well as for the purpose of seeking refuge from the Holocaust in Western Europe. Shanghai was particularly notable for its volume of Jewish refugees, most of wh ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

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Main article: Islam in China Islam was introduced into China via the Silk Road in the 7th century. It is now practised by a estimated 3% to 5% of Chinese, predominantly such minority groups as the Hui, the Uyghurs, and the Kazakhs. These make up majorities in Ningxia and Xinjiang Autonomous Regions. Islam in China, particularly in the western, minority-dominated regions, can be connected with non-Chinese nationalism and even separatist movements. Other estimates of Muslim population are much higher with ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

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Main article: Buddhism in China Buddhism was introduced from India during the Han dynasty and has been very popular among Chinese of all walks of life, admired by commoners, and sponsored by emperors. Estimate of Buddhists in China range from 70 million to 150 million. ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia II - Religion in China - Buddhism

Main article: Taoism Taoism is the organized, indigenous religion of China and is traditionally dated to 142 C.E. with the founding of the Way of the Celestial Masters by Zhang Daoling. Taoist religion builds on earlier concepts found in classic wisdom text known as the Way and Its Power or Dao De Jing. This work is attributed to Lao Zi, a mythological person who subsequently came to be venerated as a god. The philosophy of Taoism is centered on 'the way', an understanding of which can be likened to recognising the true nature of the universe. Taoism is ...

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Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

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Prior to World War II the world population of Jews was approximately 18 million. The Holocaust reduced this number to approximately 12 million. Today, there are an estimated 13 million [1] to 14.6 million[2] Jews worldwide in over 134 countries. Jew - Signif ...

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Jew, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia II - Jew - Population

Although the Jewish population was severely reduced after the Arab invasions of the 7th century, Jews were always present in Palestine. Over the centuries following the Crusades, Jews from around the world have began returning in small numbers. Upon arrival, these Jews adopted the customs of the Mizraḥi and Sephardi communities into which they moved. With Baron von Rothschild's philanthropic land purchases and subsequent efforts to turn Palestine into a verdant Jewish homeland, and the subsequent rise of Zionis ...

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Jewish ethnic divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - History, Jewish ethnic divisions - In Israel, Jewish ethnic divisions - Divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - Europe and the Caucasus, Jewish ethnic divisions - Middle East and Central Asia, Jewish ethnic divisions - Africa, Jewish ethnic divisions - India and China, Jewish ethnic divisions - Americas

Read more here: » Jewish ethnic divisions: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethnic divisions - In Israel