The Jews in China remained almost unknown to Chinese society until the beginning of the 20th century, although their presence had been attested in the country for over 700 years. European Jews residing in Shanghai in the early 20th century are reported to have conducted research in Kaifeng but with little success. Together with the growing interest in Western cultures among Chinese intellectuals during this time, the presence of the Jews, and Judaism, began to be realized by scholars in China. This subject had gradually developed into an independent field of research by the time ...

See also:

Kaifeng Jews, Kaifeng Jews - History, Kaifeng Jews - Kaifeng Jews today

Read more here: » Kaifeng Jews: Encyclopedia II - Kaifeng Jews - Kaifeng Jews today

History of the Jews in China - Early record. Sources indicate that Jews in China were often mistaken for Muslims by other Chinese, most likely as a result of similar practices and customs. The first plausible recorded written Chinese mention of Jews uses the term Zhu-hu, or Zhu-hu-du (perhaps from Hebrew Yehudim, "Jews") found in the Annals of the Yuan Dynasty in 1329 and 1354. The text spoke of the reinforcement of a tax on levied on "dissenters" and of a government decr ...

See also:

History of the Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Overview, History of the Jews in China - History, History of the Jews in China - Early record, History of the Jews in China - Origins, History of the Jews in China - 19th century, History of the Jews in China - Modern times, History of the Jews in China - World War II, History of the Jews in China - Late 20th century, History of the Jews in China - 21st century, History of the Jews in China - Name, History of the Jews in China - Famous Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Reference

Read more here: » History of the Jews in China: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in China - History

History of the Jews in China - Early record. Sources indicate that Jews in China were often mistaken for Muslims by other Chinese, most likely as a result of similar pracitces and customs. The first plausible recorded written Chinese mention of Jews uses the term Zhu-hu, or Zhu-hu-du (perhaps from Hebrew Yehudim, "Jews") found in the Annals of the Yuan Dynasty in 1329 and 1354. The text spoke of the reinforcement of a tax on levied on "dissenters" and of a government decr ...

See also:

History of the Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Overview, History of the Jews in China - History, History of the Jews in China - Early record, History of the Jews in China - Origins, History of the Jews in China - 19th century, History of the Jews in China - Modern times, History of the Jews in China - World War II, History of the Jews in China - Late 20th century, History of the Jews in China - 21st century, History of the Jews in China - Name

Read more here: » History of the Jews in China: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in China - History

Jew - Usage note. Some uses of the term "Jew" are tainted by historic anti-Jewish bigotry. The correct adjectival form is "Jewish"; the use of "Jew" as an adjective (as in "Jew lawyer" rather than "Jewish lawyer") is associated with bigotry. The use of "Jew" or "jew" as a verb (as in "to jew someone down": to bargain for a lower price) is generally seen as an extremely offensive expression based on stereotypes. Even when used in a grammatically correct manner as a noun, the term "Jew" can objectify a ...

Including:

• Jew - Usage note
• Jew - Etymology
• Jew - Who is a Jew?
• Jew - Jewish culture
• Jew - Ethnic divisions
• Jew - Population
• Jew - Significant geographic populations
• Jew - State of Israel
• Jew - Diaspora outside Israel
• Jew - Population changes: Assimilation
• Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews
• Jew - Population changes: Growth
• Jew - Jewish languages
• Jew - History of the Jews
• Jew - Jews and migrations
• Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah
• Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule
• Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora
• Jew - Middle Ages: Europe
• Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa
• Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation
• Jew - Zionism and immigration
• Jew - The Holocaust
• Jew - Israel
• Jew - Persecution
• Jew - Jewish leadership
• Jew - Famous Jews
• Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia - Jew

China's Jewish communities have been ethnically diverse ranging from the Jews of Kaifeng and other places during the history of Imperial China, who, it is reported came to be more or less totally assimilated into Chinese culture, to 19th and 20th century Baghdadis, to Indians, to Ashkenazi Jews from Europe. The presence of a community of Jewish immigrants in China is consistent with the history of the Jewish people during the first and second millennia CE, which saw them disperse and settle throughout the Eurasian landmass, with an es ...

See also:

History of the Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Overview, History of the Jews in China - History, History of the Jews in China - Early record, History of the Jews in China - Origins, History of the Jews in China - 19th century, History of the Jews in China - Modern times, History of the Jews in China - World War II, History of the Jews in China - Late 20th century, History of the Jews in China - 21st century, History of the Jews in China - Name

Read more here: » History of the Jews in China: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in China - Overview

Life in the People's Republic of China A wide variety of religions have been practiced in China since the beginning of its history. Temples of many different religions dot the landscape of China, including Taoism, Buddhism, and Chinese folk religion. The study of religion in China is complicated by several issues. Because many Chinese belief systems have concepts of a sacred and sometimes spiritual world yet do not invoke a concept of God, classifying a Chinese belief system as either a religion or a philosophy can ...

Including:

• Religion in China - Buddhism
• Religion in China - Taoism
• Religion in China - Islam
• Religion in China - Christianity
• Religion in China - Judaism
• Religion in China - Recent sects
• Religion in China - Falun Gong
• Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven
• Religion in China - Mainland China
• Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia - Religion in China

Kaifeng (Simplified: 开封; Traditional: 開封; Hanyu Pinyin: Kāifēng; Wade-Giles: K'ai-feng), formerly known as Bianliang (汴梁), is a prefecture-level city in eastern Henan province, People's Republic of China. Located along the southern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the west, Xinxiang to the northwest, Shangqiu to the east, Zhoukou to the southeast, Xuchang to the southwest]], a ...

Including:

• Kaifeng - Administration
• Kaifeng - History
• Kaifeng - Culture
• Kaifeng - Sister Cities
• Kaifeng - Colleges and universities
• Kaifeng - Public

Read more here: » Kaifeng: Encyclopedia - Kaifeng

The contemporary term for Jews in use among Chinese today is Youtairen (Chinese: 猶太人; Hanyu Pinyin: Yóutài Rén) in Mandarin Chinese. This is sometimes thought to be derogatory because of the use of a character (猶) containing the animal (犭, dog) radical. There is no evidence that the Chinese populatio ...

See also:

History of the Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Overview, History of the Jews in China - History, History of the Jews in China - Early record, History of the Jews in China - Origins, History of the Jews in China - 19th century, History of the Jews in China - Modern times, History of the Jews in China - World War II, History of the Jews in China - Late 20th century, History of the Jews in China - 21st century, History of the Jews in China - Name, History of the Jews in China - Famous Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Reference

Read more here: » History of the Jews in China: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in China - Name

Contemporaneous sources estimated the Jewish population in China in 1940 – including Manchukuo – at 36,000 (source: Catholic Encyclopedia). Jewish life in Shanghai had really taken off with the arrival of the British. Sephardic Jews from the Middle East came as traders via India and Hong Kong and established some of the leading trading companies. Later came Jewish refugees from Russia (and later the Soviet Union). After the Russian Revolution of 1917, several thousand Russian Jews moved to Harbin in northern China (former Manchuria), alongside Christian Russians. ...

See also:

History of the Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Overview, History of the Jews in China - History, History of the Jews in China - Early record, History of the Jews in China - Origins, History of the Jews in China - 19th century, History of the Jews in China - Modern times, History of the Jews in China - World War II, History of the Jews in China - Late 20th century, History of the Jews in China - 21st century, History of the Jews in China - Name

Read more here: » History of the Jews in China: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in China - Modern times

China's Jewish communities have been ethnically diverse ranging from the Jews of Kaifeng and other places during the history of Imperial China, who, it is reported came to be more or less totally assimilated into Chinese culture, to 19th and 20th century Baghdadis, to Indians, to Ashkenazi Jews from Europe. The presence of a community of Jewish immigrants in China is consistent with the history of the Jewish people during the first and second millennia CE, which saw them disperse and settle throughout the Eurasian landmass, with an es ...

See also:

History of the Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Overview, History of the Jews in China - History, History of the Jews in China - Early record, History of the Jews in China - Origins, History of the Jews in China - 19th century, History of the Jews in China - Modern times, History of the Jews in China - World War II, History of the Jews in China - Late 20th century, History of the Jews in China - 21st century, History of the Jews in China - Name, History of the Jews in China - Famous Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Reference

Read more here: » History of the Jews in China: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in China - Overview

Contemporaneous sources estimated the Jewish population in China in 1940 – including Manchukuo – at 36,000 (source: Catholic Encyclopedia). Jewish life in Shanghai had really taken off with the arrival of the British. Sephardic Jews from the Middle East came as traders via India and Hong Kong and established some of the leading trading companies. Later came Jewish refugees from Russia (and later the Soviet Union). After the Russian Revolution of 1917, several thousand Russian Jews moved to Harbin in northern China (former Manchuria), alongside Christian Russians. ...

See also:

History of the Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Overview, History of the Jews in China - History, History of the Jews in China - Early record, History of the Jews in China - Origins, History of the Jews in China - 19th century, History of the Jews in China - Modern times, History of the Jews in China - World War II, History of the Jews in China - Late 20th century, History of the Jews in China - 21st century, History of the Jews in China - Name, History of the Jews in China - Famous Jews in China, History of the Jews in China - Reference

Read more here: » History of the Jews in China: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in China - Modern times

Kaifeng is one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China In 364 BC, the state of Wei during the Warring States Period founded a city called Daliang as its capital in this area. During this period, the first of many canals in the area was constructed; it linked a local river to the Huang He. When the State of Wei was conquered by the Qin, Kaifeng was destroyed abandoned but for a mid-sized market town, which remained in its place. Early in the 7th century, Kaifeng was transformed into a major commecial hub when it was connected to the Grand Canal as well as a canal ru ...

See also:

Kaifeng, Kaifeng - Administration, Kaifeng - History, Kaifeng - Culture, Kaifeng - Sister Cities, Kaifeng - Colleges and universities, Kaifeng - Public

Read more here: » Kaifeng: Encyclopedia II - Kaifeng - History

There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims. (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of t ...

See also:

Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in History, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - LDS and Some Others, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims

Jew - Jews and migrations. Throughout Jewish history, Jews have repeatedly been directly or indirectly expelled from both their original homeland, and the areas in which they have resided. This experience as both immigrants and emigrants (see: Jewish refugees) have shaped Jewish identity and religious practice in many ways. An incomplete list of such migrations includes: The patriarch Abraham was a migrant to the land of Canaan from Ur of the Chaldees. The Children of Israel experienced the ...

See also:

Jew, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia II - Jew - History of the Jews

There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims. (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of t ...

See also:

Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Biblical Support of the Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims

Jew - Jews and migrations. Throughout Jewish history, Jews have repeatedly been directly or indirectly expelled from both their original homeland, and the areas in which they have resided. This experience as both immigrants and emigrants (see: Jewish refugees) have shaped Jewish identity and religious practice in many ways. An incomplete list of such migrations includes: The patriarch Abraham was a migrant to the land of Canaan from Ur of the Chaldees. The Children of Israel experienced the ...

See also:

Jew, Jew - Historical background, Jew - Usage note, Jew - Etymology, Jew - Who is a Jew?, Jew - Jewish culture, Jew - Ethnic divisions, Jew - Population, Jew - Significant geographic populations, Jew - State of Israel, Jew - Diaspora outside Israel, Jew - Population changes: Assimilation, Jew - Population changes: Wars against the Jews, Jew - Population changes: Growth, Jew - Jewish languages, Jew - History of the Jews, Jew - Jews and migrations, Jew - Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, Jew - Persian Greek and Roman rule, Jew - Beginning of the Diaspora, Jew - Middle Ages: Europe, Jew - Middle Ages: Islamic Europe and North Africa, Jew - Enlightenment and emancipation, Jew - Zionism and immigration, Jew - The Holocaust, Jew - Israel, Jew - Persecution, Jew - Jewish leadership, Jew - Famous Jews, Jew - Notes

Read more here: » Jew: Encyclopedia II - Jew - History of the Jews

Because of the independence of local communities, Jewish "ethnicities", even when they circumscribe differences in liturgy, language, cuisine and other cultural accoutrements, are more often a reflection of geographic and historical isolation from other communities. It is for this reason that communities are referred to by referencing the historical region in which the community cohered when discussing their practices, regardless of where those practices are found today. The Jewish communities of the modern world can all be found represented today in Israel, ...

See also:

Jewish ethnic divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - History, Jewish ethnic divisions - In Israel, Jewish ethnic divisions - Divisions, Jewish ethnic divisions - Europe and the Caucasus, Jewish ethnic divisions - Middle East and Central Asia, Jewish ethnic divisions - Africa, Jewish ethnic divisions - India and China, Jewish ethnic divisions - Americas

Read more here: » Jewish ethnic divisions: Encyclopedia II - Jewish ethnic divisions - Divisions

There are quite a number of peoples today who cling to the ancient tradition that they are descended from the Jewish Lost Tribes: the tribesmen of Afghanistan, the Mohammedan Berbers of West Africa, and the six million Christian Igbo people of Nigeria. Unquestionably, they all practice certain ancient Hebraic customs and beliefs, which lends some credibility to their fantastic-sounding claims. (cited on p. 217, Pictorial History of t ...

See also:

Ten Lost Tribes, Ten Lost Tribes - The Tribes in history, Ten Lost Tribes - Background to the controversy, Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims, Ten Lost Tribes - David Horowitz, Ten Lost Tribes - Nathan Ausubel, Ten Lost Tribes - British Israelism, Ten Lost Tribes - Later-day Saints movement, Ten Lost Tribes - Antisemitic interpretations, Ten Lost Tribes - Groups claiming descent from specific lost tribes

Read more here: » Ten Lost Tribes: Encyclopedia II - Ten Lost Tribes - Varied claims

Sidney Shapiro - Translations. Shi Nai'an, Outlaws of the Marsh Ba Jin, The Family (1933) Mao Dun, The Shop of the Lin Family & Spring Silkworms ...

See also:

Sidney Shapiro, Sidney Shapiro - Works, Sidney Shapiro - Translations, Sidney Shapiro - Sources

Read more here: » Sidney Shapiro: Encyclopedia II - Sidney Shapiro - Works

Main article: Christianity in China Some consider the first entry of Christianity into China was the introduction of Nestorianism spread by European or Middle-Eastern travellers who came to China in AD 635, as documented by the Nestorian Stone in Xi'an. In 1289, Franciscan friars from Europe initiated mission work in China. This mission collapsed in 1368, as the Ming Dynasty abolished Christianity in China. The first Jesuit attempt to reach China was made in 1552 by Francis Xavier, but he died the same year on the ...

See also:

Religion in China, Religion in China - Buddhism, Religion in China - Taoism, Religion in China - Islam, Religion in China - Christianity, Religion in China - Judaism, Religion in China - Recent sects, Religion in China - Falun Gong, Religion in China - Way of Former Heaven, Religion in China - Mainland China, Religion in China - External link

Read more here: » Religion in China: Encyclopedia II - Religion in China - Christianity