Example: If the negative argued the plan would cause a nuclear war, the affirmative would impact turn this argument by arguing that nuclear war is good. An impact turn requires impact calculus, that is: the reasons nuclear war is good must outweigh the reasons nuclear war is bad. ...

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Turn policy debate, Turn policy debate - Link Turns, Turn policy debate - Internal Link Turns, Turn policy debate - Impact Turns, Turn policy debate - Turn!

Read more here: » Turn policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Turn policy debate - Impact Turns

Example: If the negative argued the plan would cause A which would cause a nuclear war, the affirmative would internal link turn this argument by arguing that A would prevent a nuclear war. An internal link turn requires that the warrant of the internal link turn outweigh the warrant of the internal link. ...

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Turn policy debate, Turn policy debate - Link Turns, Turn policy debate - Internal Link Turns, Turn policy debate - Impact Turns, Turn policy debate - Turn!

Read more here: » Turn policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Turn policy debate - Internal Link Turns

Even though American Hardcore is often thought of solely as a product of 1980s Reaganism, many bands have continued to play an aggressive form of punk rock similar to hardcore well into the 1990s and even into the early 2000s. Many of the '90s/'00s hardcore bands began to include new sounds into hardcore while retaining hardcore's aggression. Seattle's Zeke incorporated the heavier guitar sound and ranted vocals similar to Stormtroopers of Death into hardcore and, eventually, evolved into a thrash metal band. Other bands to follow a similar, hardcore metal, path include Pennywise and The Dwarves. < ...

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Hardcore punk, Hardcore punk - Overview, Hardcore punk - History, Hardcore punk - The Big 3, Hardcore punk - Early support, Hardcore punk - Negative publicity, Hardcore punk - Moshing and dancing, Hardcore punk - Influence, Hardcore punk - Early history in Europe and the UK, Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s, Hardcore punk - Heavy Hardcore, Hardcore punk - Progression and experimentation, Hardcore punk - Hardcore today, Hardcore punk - Hardcore bands

Read more here: » Hardcore punk: Encyclopedia II - Hardcore punk - Hardcore in the 1990s

Pinochet was born in Valparaíso on November 25, 1915, the son of Augusto Pinochet Vera and Avelina Ugarte Martínez. He went to primary and secondary school at the San Rafael Seminary of Valparaíso, the Quillota Institute (Marist Brothers), the French Fathers' School of Valparaíso, and in the Military School, which he entered in 1933. After four years of study, in 1937 he graduated with the rank of ...

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Augusto Pinochet, Augusto Pinochet - Brief, Augusto Pinochet - Early career, Augusto Pinochet - Military coup of 1973, Augusto Pinochet - Pinochet's economic policy, Augusto Pinochet - Suppression of opposition, Augusto Pinochet - Chilean foreign relations under Pinochet, Augusto Pinochet - End of the Pinochet regime, Augusto Pinochet - Arrest, Augusto Pinochet - Significance of the arrest, Augusto Pinochet - Prosecution in Chile, Augusto Pinochet - Foreign bank accounts, Augusto Pinochet - Legacy, Augusto Pinochet - Notes, Augusto Pinochet - Cites

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Many annual competitions are held between Oxford and Cambridge. The most famous of these is the Boat Race: a rowing event that started in 1829, although for various reasons it has not been held on some years. The first Boat Race was won by Oxford, but Cambridge currently leads the series with 78 wins to Oxford's 72, with one dead heat in 1877. Recent races have become extremely intense: Oxford won by the shortest ever margin of 1 foot in 2003. Cambridge won the 150th Boat Race in 2004, with the umpire denying an Oxford claim of a foul arisin ...

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Oxbridge rivalry, Oxbridge rivalry - Oxbridge image and stereotypes, Oxbridge rivalry - Similarities between Oxford and Cambridge, Oxbridge rivalry - Differences between Oxford and Cambridge, Oxbridge rivalry - Indirect competition between the two universities, Oxbridge rivalry - Direct competition between the two universities, Oxbridge rivalry - League tables, Oxbridge rivalry - Inter-university insults, Oxbridge rivalry - Oxbridge cooperation

Read more here: » Oxbridge rivalry: Encyclopedia II - Oxbridge rivalry - Direct competition between the two universities

At the time, many commentators were hopeful that this global mobilization of unprecedented scale would stop the coming Iraq war. The New York Times writer Patrick Tyler claimed that they showed that there were "two superpowers on the planet - the United States, and worldwide public opinion". [69] The unprecedented size of the demonstrations was widely taken to indicate that the majority of people across the world opposed the war, however the then ...

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February 15 2003 anti-war protest, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - International coordination, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Western Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Eastern Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Southeastern Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Americas, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Canada, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - United States, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Mexico, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - South America, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Asia, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Middle East, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Other Areas in Asia, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Africa, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - South Africa, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Tunisia, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Oceania, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Polar, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Full list, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Effect

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Over the last few years, British universities have been subjected to the increasing popularity of national university league tables, which rank universities based on the inspected quality of their teaching and research, as well as other criteria, such as spending on facilities and dropout rates. Oxford and Cambridge have been a constant presence at the top end of the tables, never appearing outside the overall top five and rarely not holding the first and second places, but their dominance in individual s ...

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Oxbridge rivalry, Oxbridge rivalry - Oxbridge image and stereotypes, Oxbridge rivalry - Similarities between Oxford and Cambridge, Oxbridge rivalry - Differences between Oxford and Cambridge, Oxbridge rivalry - Indirect competition between the two universities, Oxbridge rivalry - Direct competition between the two universities, Oxbridge rivalry - League tables, Oxbridge rivalry - Inter-university insults, Oxbridge rivalry - Oxbridge cooperation

Read more here: » Oxbridge rivalry: Encyclopedia II - Oxbridge rivalry - League tables

Once in power, Pinochet immediately set about making market-oriented economic reforms. He declared that he wanted "to make Chile not a nation of proletarians, but a nation of proprietors". This was a play on words using the Spanish, "propietarios", i.e. owners or business proprietors which rhymes with "proletarios", i.e. proletarians. To formulate his economic policy, Pinochet relied on the so-called Chicago Boys, who were economists trained at the University of Chicago and he ...

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Augusto Pinochet, Augusto Pinochet - Brief, Augusto Pinochet - Early career, Augusto Pinochet - Military coup of 1973, Augusto Pinochet - Pinochet's economic policy, Augusto Pinochet - Suppression of opposition, Augusto Pinochet - Chilean foreign relations under Pinochet, Augusto Pinochet - End of the Pinochet regime, Augusto Pinochet - Arrest, Augusto Pinochet - Significance of the arrest, Augusto Pinochet - Prosecution in Chile, Augusto Pinochet - Foreign bank accounts, Augusto Pinochet - Legacy, Augusto Pinochet - Notes, Augusto Pinochet - Cites

Read more here: » Augusto Pinochet: Encyclopedia II - Augusto Pinochet - Pinochet's economic policy

Title - Currently in Use. Abbess (the masculine equivalent is Abbott) Acolyte Admiral (from which come Grand Admiral, Hereditary Lord High Admiral, Rear Admiral, and Vice Admiral) Adjutant Agent Agister Almoner (from which comes High Almoner) Ambassador Attaché Awoamefia Baba Bishop (from which come Archbishop, Boy Bishop, Lord Archbishop, Metropolitan Bishop, and Prince Bishop) Brigadier Ca ...

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Title, Title - Supernatural Titles, Title - Hypothetical Titles, Title - Titles for Heads of State, Title - Current, Title - Historical Titles for Heads of State, Title - Fictional Titles for Heads of State, Title - Honorary Titles Granted by Heads of State, Title - Current, Title - Historical, Title - Fictional, Title - Executive Branch of Government and Other Sub-National Rulers, Title - Currently in Use, Title - Historical, Title - Fictional, Title - Judicial Titles, Title - In Current Use, Title - Historical, Title - Legislative Titles, Title - In Current Use, Title - Historical, Title - Honorary Titles Granted From an Institution, Title - Honorary Titles Granted By One's Peers, Title - Honorary Titles Bestowed by Followers, Title - Sources

Read more here: » Title: Encyclopedia II - Title - Executive Branch of Government and Other Sub-National Rulers

The rights for the British edition were acquired by Marion Boyars and John Calder and the novel ended up in the hands of the Director of Public Prosecutions. The manuscript was published, received positive reviews and sold almost 14,000 copies. The director of Blackwell's bookshop in Oxford complained to the DPP about the detailed depictions of brutality and cruelty in the book but the DPP did not pursue the allegations. In 1966, Sir Cyril Black, a Conservative Member of Parliament for Wimbledon, initiated a private prosecution of the ...

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Last Exit to Brooklyn, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Synopsis, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Style, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Writing and Publication History, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Trial, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Film

Read more here: » Last Exit to Brooklyn: Encyclopedia II - Last Exit to Brooklyn - Trial

Lane was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1946. He specialised in criminal prosecutions on the Midland and Oxford circuit and 'took silk' in 1962 to become a Queen's Counsel. He prosecuted some of the Great Train robbers in the same year, and he was appointed as Recorder of Bedford, a part-time judge, in 1963. While appearing for the defendant in the case of R v Morris (1966, 2 QB 110), he made a much cited statement as to what constituted 'common purpose' for the criminal law, which the Judge adopted: "where two ...

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Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Early life, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Legal career, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Judicial office, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - High Court, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Appellate courts, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Lord Chief Justice, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Miscarriages of justice, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Retirement

Read more here: » Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane: Encyclopedia II - Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Legal career

Policy debate - Tournaments. Most high school debaters debate in local tournaments in their city, state or nearby states. Hundreds of such tournaments are held at high schools throughout the US each weekend during the debate season. A small subset of high school debaters, mostly from elite public and private schools, travel around the country to tournaments in what is called the 'national circuit.' Among the biggest and most prestigious national tournaments that are open-entry (as opposed to the Tournament ...

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Policy debate, Policy debate - History, Policy debate - Style and delivery, Policy debate - Speed, Policy debate - Flowing, Policy debate - Theory, Policy debate - Burdens of the affirmative, Policy debate - Negative strategy, Policy debate - Evidence, Policy debate - Sample card, Policy debate - Judging, Policy debate - Speaker points, Policy debate - Judge qualifications, Policy debate - Paradigms, Policy debate - Competition and debate life, Policy debate - Tournaments, Policy debate - Championships, Policy debate - Institutes, Policy debate - Resolutions, Policy debate - Event structure, Policy debate - Famous policy debaters

Read more here: » Policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Policy debate - Competition and debate life

Last Exit to Brooklyn started as The Queen is Dead, one of several short stories Selby wrote about people he had met around Brooklyn while working as a copywriter and general laborer. The piece was published in three literary magazines in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Tralala also appeared in The Provincetown Review in 1961 and drew some intense criticism. The pieces later evolved into the full-length book, which was published in 1964 by Grove Press, which had previously publi ...

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Last Exit to Brooklyn, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Synopsis, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Style, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Writing and Publication History, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Trial, Last Exit to Brooklyn - Film

Read more here: » Last Exit to Brooklyn: Encyclopedia II - Last Exit to Brooklyn - Writing and Publication History

A resolution or topic is a normative statement which the affirmative team affirms and the negative team negates. Resolutions are selected annually by affiliated schools. All resolutions (since the 1920s) begin "Resolved: The United States federal government should". For example, the resolution for the 2005-2006 high school policy debate season is "Resolved: The United States federal governme ...

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Policy debate, Policy debate - History, Policy debate - Style and delivery, Policy debate - Speed, Policy debate - Flowing, Policy debate - Theory, Policy debate - Burdens of the affirmative, Policy debate - Negative strategy, Policy debate - Evidence, Policy debate - Sample card, Policy debate - Judging, Policy debate - Speaker points, Policy debate - Judge qualifications, Policy debate - Paradigms, Policy debate - Competition and debate life, Policy debate - Tournaments, Policy debate - Championships, Policy debate - Institutes, Policy debate - Resolutions, Policy debate - Event structure, Policy debate - Famous policy debaters

Read more here: » Policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Policy debate - Resolutions

On December 22, 2005, John C. Whitehead, chairman of the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation and former chairman of Goldman Sachs, alleged that Spitzer had threatened him during a telephone call that took place in April, 2005. Whitehead published his allegation in the Wall Street Journal. Whitehead alleged that Spitzer called him regarding a Wall Street Journal opinion piece that he wrote about Spitzer's public comments regarding Maurice R. "Hank" Greenberg (who Spitzer would later charge with fraudulent business practices, securities fraud, common-law f ...

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Eliot Spitzer, Eliot Spitzer - Background, Eliot Spitzer - Political career, Eliot Spitzer - Campaigns for Attorney General, Eliot Spitzer - Work as Attorney General, Eliot Spitzer - Notable cases, Eliot Spitzer - Campaign for Governor of New York, Eliot Spitzer - Whitehead threat allegation

Read more here: » Eliot Spitzer: Encyclopedia II - Eliot Spitzer - Whitehead threat allegation

Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. The first college debate was held on November 24, 1898, between Wake Forest College and Trinity College. They debated the issue of territorial expansion. "Resolved that the United States should not adopt a policy of territorial expansion." Traditionally rebuttals were half the length of constructives, but when delivery speed peaked in the late 1980s it created a harmful make ...

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Policy debate, Policy debate - History, Policy debate - Style and delivery, Policy debate - Speed, Policy debate - Flowing, Policy debate - Theory, Policy debate - Burdens of the affirmative, Policy debate - Negative strategy, Policy debate - Evidence, Policy debate - Sample card, Policy debate - Judging, Policy debate - Speaker points, Policy debate - Judge qualifications, Policy debate - Paradigms, Policy debate - Competition and debate life, Policy debate - Tournaments, Policy debate - Championships, Policy debate - Institutes, Policy debate - Resolutions, Policy debate - Event structure, Policy debate - Famous policy debaters

Read more here: » Policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Policy debate - History

In all forms of policy debate the order of speeches is as follows: In addition to speeches, policy debates may allow for a certain amount of preparation time, or "prep time," during a debate round. NFL rules call for 5 minutes of total prep time that can be used, although in practice high school debate tournaments usually give 8 minutes of prep time. College debates typically have 10 minutes of preparation time. The preparation time is used at each team's preference; they can use different amounts of preparation time before any of the ...

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Policy debate, Policy debate - History, Policy debate - Style and delivery, Policy debate - Speed, Policy debate - Flowing, Policy debate - Theory, Policy debate - Burdens of the affirmative, Policy debate - Negative strategy, Policy debate - Evidence, Policy debate - Sample card, Policy debate - Judging, Policy debate - Speaker points, Policy debate - Judge qualifications, Policy debate - Paradigms, Policy debate - Competition and debate life, Policy debate - Tournaments, Policy debate - Championships, Policy debate - Institutes, Policy debate - Resolutions, Policy debate - Event structure, Policy debate - Famous policy debaters

Read more here: » Policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Policy debate - Event structure

Policy debate - Speed. Policy Debaters' speed of delivery will vary from league to league and tournament to tournament. In many tournaments, debaters will "spread" (a portmanteau of "speed" and "read), or speak very quickly (and, in theory, clearly) in order to read as much evidence and make as many arguments as possible within the time-constrained speech. The fastest speaking debaters ...

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Policy debate, Policy debate - History, Policy debate - Style and delivery, Policy debate - Speed, Policy debate - Flowing, Policy debate - Theory, Policy debate - Burdens of the affirmative, Policy debate - Negative strategy, Policy debate - Evidence, Policy debate - Sample card, Policy debate - Judging, Policy debate - Speaker points, Policy debate - Judge qualifications, Policy debate - Paradigms, Policy debate - Competition and debate life, Policy debate - Tournaments, Policy debate - Championships, Policy debate - Institutes, Policy debate - Resolutions, Policy debate - Event structure, Policy debate - Famous policy debaters

Read more here: » Policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Policy debate - Style and delivery

Lane had an early introduction to controversies and disputed convictions when in 1962 he was the junior Crown counsel in the trial of James Hanratty for the A6 murder. Hanratty was hanged but disputes over whether he was properly convicted have continued to this day. He also represented the Metropolitan Police at the Brabin inquiry into the conviction and subsequent hanging of Timothy Evans for the murders at 10 Rillington Place in 1950. From the mid-1980s, concern grew. On December 5, 1985, Lane quashed the conviction of Anthony Mycock who ...

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Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Early life, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Legal career, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Judicial office, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - High Court, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Appellate courts, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Lord Chief Justice, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Miscarriages of justice, Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Retirement

Read more here: » Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane: Encyclopedia II - Geoffrey Lane Baron Lane - Miscarriages of justice

Evidence in debates is organized into units called cards. Cards are designed to condense an author's argument so that debaters have an easy way to access the information. A card is composed of three parts: the tag, the cite, and the body. The tag is the debater's summary of the argument presented in the body. A tag is usually only one or two sentences. The cite contains all relevant citation information (that is, the author, date of publication, journal, title, etc.). Although every card should contain a complete citatio ...

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Policy debate, Policy debate - History, Policy debate - Style and delivery, Policy debate - Speed, Policy debate - Flowing, Policy debate - Theory, Policy debate - Burdens of the affirmative, Policy debate - Negative strategy, Policy debate - Evidence, Policy debate - Sample card, Policy debate - Judging, Policy debate - Speaker points, Policy debate - Judge qualifications, Policy debate - Paradigms, Policy debate - Competition and debate life, Policy debate - Tournaments, Policy debate - Championships, Policy debate - Institutes, Policy debate - Resolutions, Policy debate - Event structure, Policy debate - Famous policy debaters

Read more here: » Policy debate: Encyclopedia II - Policy debate - Evidence

In 2002, Esquire Magazine named O’Malley “The Best Young Mayor in the Country,” and in 2005, Time Magazine named him one of America’s “Top 5 Big City Mayors.” [24]. In August of 2005, Business Week Magazine Online named O'Malley as one of five "New Faces" in the Democratic Party. Business Week said O'Malley "has become the party's go-to guy on protecting the homeland. The telegenic mayor, 42, has developed a detailed plan for rail and port safety and has been an outspoken critic of White House security priorities." [25]

Martin J. O'Malley, Martin J. O'Malley - Early life, Martin J. O'Malley - Political Development, Martin J. O'Malley - Mayor of Baltimore City, Martin J. O'Malley - Crime, Martin J. O'Malley - Police Department, Martin J. O'Malley - Schools, Martin J. O'Malley - Convention center hotel, Martin J. O'Malley - National Prominence, Martin J. O'Malley - Homeland Security, Martin J. O'Malley - Family, Martin J. O'Malley - Relations, Martin J. O'Malley - 2006 Gubernatorial Elections, Martin J. O'Malley - Trivia, Martin J. O'Malley - Sources

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O’Malley is married to Catherine Curran O'Malley (Katie). He first met her in 1986 while he was working on now-U.S. Senator Barbara Mikulski’s primary and general election campaign and she was working on her father J. Joseph Curran, Jr.’s campaign for Attorney General of Maryland. In 1988, they began to date and he married her in 1990 while he was running his first (and unsuccessful) campaign for political office. In 1991, they had their first child, Grace, while Katie was finishing her last semester of law school at the evening ...

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Martin J. O'Malley, Martin J. O'Malley - Early life, Martin J. O'Malley - Political Development, Martin J. O'Malley - Mayor of Baltimore City, Martin J. O'Malley - Crime, Martin J. O'Malley - Police Department, Martin J. O'Malley - Schools, Martin J. O'Malley - Convention center hotel, Martin J. O'Malley - National Prominence, Martin J. O'Malley - Homeland Security, Martin J. O'Malley - Family, Martin J. O'Malley - Relations, Martin J. O'Malley - 2006 Gubernatorial Elections, Martin J. O'Malley - Trivia, Martin J. O'Malley - Sources

Read more here: » Martin J. O'Malley: Encyclopedia II - Martin J. O'Malley - Family