Judenrat - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Leibzoll: Encyclopedia Ii - Leibzoll - Rate Of The Toll
The origin of the Leibzoll may be traced to the political position of the Jews in Germany, where they were considered crown property and,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-zionist Committee Of The Soviet Public: Encyclopedia - Anti-zionist Committee Of The Soviet Public
On March 29, 1983, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union has approved the resolution 101/62...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilna Ghetto: Encyclopedia - Vilna Ghetto
The Vilna Ghetto was a Jewish ghetto in Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilna Ghetto - General history. German troops entered the city of Vilnius, L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź: Encyclopedia - Łódź
Łódź (pronunciation: ˈwudʑ̥), the second-largest city (population 776,297 in 2004) of Poland, lies in the centre of the country. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kolozsvár Ghetto: Encyclopedia - Kolozsvár Ghetto
The Kolozsvár Ghetto was one of the lesser known Jewish ghettos of the World War II era. This was a harsh ghetto existing in Kolozsvár,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia - The Holocaust
The Holocaust is the name applied to the systematic state-sponsored persecution and genocide of various ethnic, religious and political ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto: Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto
The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of the Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany in General Government during the Holocaust in World W...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leibzoll: Encyclopedia Ii - Leibzoll - Development Of Leibzoll
The adoption of this policy was dictated by absolute necessity. Owing to the weakness of the federal power of the German empire Jews expe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leibzoll: Encyclopedia Ii - Leibzoll - Exemptions
Certain exemptions from Leibzoll were granted. Under the Austrian law of 1244, corpses were exempt. Albrecht III gave free safe-conduct t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź Ghetto: Encyclopedia - Łódź Ghetto
The Łódź Ghetto was the second-largest ghetto (after the Warsaw Ghetto) established for Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland. Situated in the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Łódź Ghetto - Establishment Of The Ghetto
When German forces occupied Łódź in September 1939, the city had a population of 672,000 people, over one-third of them (233,000) Jews...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcel Reich-ranicki: Encyclopedia Ii - Marcel Reich-ranicki - Life
Marcel Reich-Ranicki Reich-Ranicki had lived in Berlin since 1929. He was deported to Poland in 1938 because of his Jewish descent. In N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sosnowiec: Encyclopedia Ii - Sosnowiec - Economy
It is characterized by its dynamism, economic activity and care for its cultural heritage and natural environment. In recent years, Sosno...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s - Interwar Period 1918-1939
Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for crisps for independence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Historical Interpretations
As with any historical event, scholars continue to argue over what exactly happened and why. The Holocaust - Who was directly involved i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski: Encyclopedia Ii - Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski - Debate Over Rumkowski's Role In The Holocaust
Due to his active role in the deportations and his iron rule, Rumkowski's behavior remains a topic of bitter debate. Some historians and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Glossary Of The Third Reich: Encyclopedia Ii - Glossary Of The Third Reich - Glossary
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... See also:Glossary of the Third Reich, Glossary of the Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. Main article: History of Poland (966-1385) The first Jews arrived in the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-zionist Committee Of The Soviet Public: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionist Committee Of The Soviet Public - Background And History
By 1983, the Soviet regime needed a new propaganda weapon in the Cold War, as well as against increasingly active internal dissident move...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schindler's List: Encyclopedia Ii - Schindler's List - Plot Summary
The movie begins with a depiction of a Jewish prayer. At the end of the Jewish prayer, a candle burns out, and the film changes from colo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw Ghetto - Destruction Of The Ghetto
In early 1942, the Nazis made the decision at the Wannsee conference to exterminate the Jews of Europe. The first phase of the Final Solu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Night Book: Encyclopedia Ii - Night Book - Wiesel's Story As Told In Night
Night book - The Jews of Sighet. Eliezer Wiesel was born on September 30, 1928 in Sighet (now Sighetu Marmaţiei), a village in the Car...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilna Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilna Ghetto - General History
German troops entered the city of Vilnius, Lithuania on June 24, 1941. Over the course of the summer, troops killed more than 35,000 Jews...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schindler's List: Encyclopedia Ii - Schindler's List - Plot Summary
The movie begins with a depiction of a Jewish prayer. At the end of the prayer, a candle burns out, and the film changes from color to bl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź: Encyclopedia Ii - Łódź - History
Łódź - Agricultural Łódź. Łódź first appears in the written record in a document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Victims
The victims of the Holocaust were Jews, Polish, Russian, Communists, homosexuals, Roma (also known as gypsies), the mentally ill and the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Death Toll
The exact number of people killed by the Nazi regime will never be known, but scholars, using a variety of methods of determining the dea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Victims
The victims of the Holocaust were Jews, Polish, Russian, Communists, homosexuals, Roma (also known as gypsies), the mentally ill and the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw Ghetto - Social And Cultural Life In The Ghetto
Despite the enormous hardships of day-to-day life, the Judenrat and youth movements succeeded in organizing various institutions and orga...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Etymology And Usage Of The Term
The word holocaust originally derived from the Greek word holokauston, meaning "a completely (holos) burnt (kaustos) sacrificial offering...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Resistance And Rescuers
The Holocaust - Resistance. Due to the careful organization and overwhelming military might of the Nazi German state and its supporters...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Execution Of The Holocaust
The Holocaust - Concentration and Labor Camps 1933-1945. Starting in 1933, the Nazis set up concentration camps within Germany, many of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Perpetrators And Collaborators
The Holocaust - Who was directly involved in the killings?. A wide range of German soldiers, officials, and civilians were involved in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Historical Interpretations
The Holocaust - Why did people participate in authorize or tacitly accept the killing?. Stanley Milgram was one of a number of post-wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Impact On Culture
The Holocaust - Holocaust theology. On account of the magnitude of the Holocaust, many theologians have re-examined the classical theol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Aftermath
The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel. The Holocaust and its aftermath left millions of refugees, including many Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Death Toll
The exact number of people killed by the Nazi regime will never be known, but scholars, using a variety of methods of determining the dea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Features Of The Nazi Holocaust
There were several characteristics to the Nazi Holocaust which, taken together, distinguish it from other genocides in history. The Holo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Wwii And The Destruction Of Polish Jewry 1939–45
History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign. Main article: Polish September Campaign During the Polish September Ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Interwar Period 1918–39
History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for independence in 1918, some joini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s - Wwii And The Destruction Of Polish Jewry 1939-1945
Main articles: The Holocaust and History of Poland (1939-1945) Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - The Polish September campaign. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s - Communist Rule: 1945-1989
Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Post-war. Between 40,000 and 100,000 Polish Jews survived the Holocaust in Poland by hiding or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw Ghetto - Formation Of The Ghetto
Plans to isolate the Jewish population of Warsaw and its nearby suburbs in a ghetto first circulated immediately after the German occupat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schindler's List: Encyclopedia Ii - Schindler's List - The Movie
The movie was directed by famed director Steven Spielberg, who later spoke of the making of the movie as affecting him deeply. It was pro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Impact On Culture
The Holocaust - Holocaust theology. On account of the magnitude of the Holocaust, many theologians have re-examined the classical theol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - The Development Of Judaism In Poland And The Commonwealth
The culture and intellectual output of the Jewish community in Poland had a profound impact on Judaism as a whole. Some Jewish historians...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - The Polish-lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795
History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation. Following the childless death of Zygmund II, the last king of the Jagiellon d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Łódź Ghetto - Chaim Rumkowski And The Jewish Council
To organize the local population and maintain order, the German authorities established a Jewish Council, or Judenrat. The Judenälteste,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź: Encyclopedia Ii - Łódź - Politics
Łódź - Łódź constituency. Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Łódź constituency: Krzysztof Baszczyński, SLD-UP Mirosł...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Łódź Ghetto - The First Deportation
Overcrowding in the ghetto was exacerbated by the deportation there of some forty thousand from the surrounding areas, as well as Germany...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Łódź Ghetto - The End Of The Łódź Ghetto
The ultimate fate of the Łódź Ghetto was debated among the highest ranking Nazis as early as 1943. Heinrich Himmler called for the fin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Jews Of Poland Within The Russian Empire 1795–1918
Official Russian policy would eventually prove to be substantially harsher to the Jews than that under independent Polish rule. The lands...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Interwar Period 1918–39
History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for independence in 1918, some joini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Resistance And Rescuers
The Holocaust - Resistance. Due to the careful organization and overwhelming military might of the Nazi German state and its supporters...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Execution Of The Holocaust
The Holocaust - Concentration and Labor Camps 1933-1945. Main article: Concentration camp. See also: Nazi concentration camp badges Sta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Aftermath
The Holocaust - Displaced Persons and the State of Israel. The Holocaust and its aftermath left millions of refugees, including many Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilna Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilna Ghetto - Resistance
The United Partisan Organization was formed on January 21, 1942 in the Vilna Ghetto. It took on the motto: "We will not allow them to tak...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilna Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilna Ghetto - Cultural Life
The Vilna Ghetto was called "Yerushalayim of the Ghettos" because it was known for its intellectual and cultural spirit. Before the war, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Communist Rule: 1945–89
History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar. Between 40,000 and 100,000 Polish Jews survived the Holocaust in Poland by hiding or by joinin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Wwii And The Destruction Of Polish Jewry 1939–45
History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign. During the Polish September Campaign of 1939, some 120,000 Polish citize...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Since 1989
With the fall of Communism in Poland, Jewish cultural, social, and religious life has been undergoing a revival. Many historical issues, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Etymology And Usage Of The Term
Main article: Names of the Holocaust The word holocaust originally derived from the Greek word holokauston, meaning "a completely (holos)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Features Of The Nazi Holocaust
There were several characteristics to the Nazi Holocaust which, taken together, distinguish it from other genocides in history. The Holo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilna Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilna Ghetto - Pictures Of The Ghetto
J Klaczko Street The Jewish Library ... See also:Vilna Ghetto, Vilna Ghetto - General history, Vilna Ghetto - Resistance, Vilna Ghet...   » Read the article