Judaism - Introduction

Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Judaism

Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. It is one of the first recorded monotheistic faiths and one of the oldest religious traditions still practiced today. The tenets and history of Judaism are the major part of the foundation of other Abrahamic religions, including Samaritanism, Christianity, and Islam. Over at least the last two thousand years, Judaism has not been monolithic in practice, and has not had any centralized authority or binding dogma. Despite this, Judaism in all its variations has remained tightly bound ...

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Judaism - Introduction

Judaism - Jewish denominations

Judaism - Jewish prayer and practice

Judaism - Community leadership

Judaism - Jewish religious history

Judaism - Judaism and other religions

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular modern world. It is broadly defined as the effort to adapt Orthodox Judaism to modernity and to avoid the social and/or cultural isolation which livi ...

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Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism

Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia II - Judaism - Introduction

According to both traditional Judaism and modern scholars, a number of qualities distinguish Judaism from the other religions that existed when it first emerged. One characteristic was monotheism. The significance of this idea, according to critical historian Yehezkal Kaufman, lies in that Judaism holds that God created, and cares about, humankind. In polytheistic religions, humankind is often created by accident, and the gods are primarily concerned with their rel ...

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Circumcision in the Bible

Circumcision, when practiced as a rite, has its foundations in the Bible and is therefore practiced by Jews and Muslims and some Christians. Circumcision in the Bible - Introduction. Circumcision has a long history, and is mentioned frequently in the Bible. However, it should be noted that the Bible means different things to different religious groups. For Jews, the Bible consists of the 24 books in Hebrew (and some Aramaic) that are known as the Tanakh (39 books according to Christian numbering; see ...

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Book of Judges

Book of Judges (Hebrew: ספר שופטים) is a book of the Bible originally written in Hebrew. It appears in the Hebrew Bible (Judaism's Tanakh) and in the Christian Old Testament. Its title refers to its contents; it contains the history of Biblical judges (not to be confused with modern judges), and of their times. who helped rule and guide the ancient Israelites. As it stands today, the last judge mentioned in Judges is Samson, and although there are two further stories, the traditional view is that Samson's exploits prob ...

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Bible

The Bible (sometimes The Holy Bible, The Book, Good Book, Word of God, The Word, or Scripture), from Greek (τα) βιβλια, (ta) biblia, "(the) books", is the classical name for the Hebrew Bible of Judaism or the combination of the Old Testament and New Testament of Christianity ("The Bible" actually refers to at least two different Bibles). It is thus applied to sacred scriptures. Many Christian English speakers refer to the Christian Bible as "the good book" (Gospel means " ...

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Bible - The Hebrew Bible

Bible - The Christian Bible

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism can refer to (1) the largest denomination of Judaism in America and its sibling movements in other countries, (2) a branch of Judaism in the United Kingdom, and (3) the historical predecessor of the American movement that originated in 19th Century Germany. Contemporary Reform Judaism movements share most of the following principles: The autonomy of the individual in interpreting the Torah and Oral Law, as well as in deciding which observances one is thereby prescribed to follow, Applicabili ...

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Reform Judaism - 19th Century German Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism - Development of American Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism - Reform Judaism in Britain

Reform Judaism - Progressive Judaism in Israel

Reform Judaism - History

Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - University of Judaism

The University of Judaism, informally known as the UJ, is a university with undergraduate, graduate, rabbinic, cantorial, and continuing education studies. Its Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies ordains rabbis mostly in the Conservative movement and is one of the major seminaries of rabbinic studies in the United States, as well as the only independent rabbinical seminary west of the Mississippi River. The UJ is located in Los Angeles, California, on Mulholland Drive in the Sepulveda Pass. University of Judaism - ...

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University of Judaism - Programs of study

Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - 20th century BC

(3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC) 20th century BC - Events. 2064 – 1986 BC -- Twin Dynasty wars in Egypt. 1991 BC -- Egypt: Pharaoh Mentuhotep IV died. End of Eleventh Dynasty. Pharaoh Amenemhat I started to rule. Start of Twelfth Dynasty. 1932 BC -- Amorite conquest of Ur. 1913 – 1903 BC -- Egyptian-Nubian war. 1900 BC -- Achaean invasions of Greece. around 1900 BC -- Fall of last Sumerian dynasty. < ...

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Zvi Hirsch Chajes

Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Chajes (צבי הירש חיות - November 20, 1805 - October 12, 1855; also Zvi Hirsch Chayes) was one of the foremost Galician talmudic scholars. He is best known for his work Mevo Hatalmud (Introduction to the Talmud), which serves both as commentary and introduction. Chajes is also known as "The Maharatz Chajes" (מהר"ץ חיות), the Hebrew acronym for "Our Teacher, the Rabbi, Zvi Chajes". Zvi Hirsch Chajes - Biography. Chajes was born in Brody. He studied und ...

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Cheder

Cheders (also known as "Heders", Hebrew: room) are traditional elementary schools or classes teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language. Cheder - History. Cheders were widely spread in Europe before the end of the 18th century. Lessons took place at the teacher's house, who was paid for by the Jewish community or by a group of parents. Normally, only boys would attend classes — girls were educated by their mothers at their house. Boys of different ages were taught in a single gr ...

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Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Azriel Hildesheimer

Israel Azriel Hildesheimer was a German rabbi, and leader of Orthodox Judaism. He is regarded as a pioneering "Moderniser" of Orthodox Judaism in Germany and is sometimes regarded as a founder of Modern Orthodox Judaism. Azriel Hildesheimer - Biography. Hildesheimer was born in Hildesheim, a small town near Hanover, Germany (Some believe he was born in Halberstadt) May 20, 1820; he was the son of Rabbi Löb Glee Hildesheimer. He attended the "Hasharat Zwi" school in Halberstadt, and, from age sevente ...

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Azriel Hildesheimer - Writings

Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia - Rabbinic literature

Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaism's rabbinic writing/s throughout history. However, the term often used as an exact cognate of the Hebrew term Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Literature [of our] Sages, [of] blessed memory"), where the latter usually refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era. The latter, more specific, sense is how the term is normally used in medieval and modern rabbinic writing (where Hazal normally refers only to the sages of the ...

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Rabbinic literature - Later works by historical period

Judaism - Introduction: Encyclopedia II - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism

Generalisations concerning Modern Orthodoxy are difficult to draw, and, as such, any critiscm may be aimed at a straw man. This section deals with criticism relating to standards of observance and to social issues; as regards its philosophy see "Criticism" under Torah Umadda. Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance. There is an often cited contention that Modern Orthodoxy has lower standards of observance of traditional Jewish laws and customs than other branches of Orthodox Judaism [19]. This vi ...

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