One view of the origins of racism emphasizes stereotypes, which psychologists generally believe are influenced by cultural factors. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. A "white" person walking after dark in a primarily "black" neighborhood in an American city might be anxious for a combination of reasons. The same may be said for a black person walking in a white neighborhood. A police officer who spends most of his day in that same ...

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Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - Origins of racism

Racism may be expressed individually and consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or socially and unconsciously, through institutions that promote inequalities among "races", as in institutional racism. Although some speakers attempt to express a semantic distinction by using the word racism rather than racialism (or vice versa), many treat the terms as synonymous (see below). The concept of "Hate speech" has been created in order to prosecute discriminative discourse, which may be penalized in various countries (US, ...

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Racism, Racism - From racial theory to racism, Racism - The word and the concept of race, Racism - Origins of racism, Racism - Expressions, Racism - Individual racism structural racism and ideological racism, Racism - Reverse racism minority vs. majority, Racism - Racial discrimination as an offical government policy, Racism - Racism by country, Racism - Australia, Racism - Austria, Racism - Brazil, Racism - Canada, Racism - Finland, Racism - France, Racism - Germany, Racism - India, Racism - Indonesia, Racism - Ireland, Racism - Italy, Racism - Japan, Racism - Netherlands, Racism - New Zealand, Racism - Northern Ireland, Racism - Scotland, Racism - Spain, Racism - Soviet Union U.S.S.R. Russia etc, Racism - United Kingdom, Racism - United States of America, Racism - South Africa, Racism - Sri Lanka, Racism - Switzerland, Racism - Rhodesia, Racism - Some examples of specific types of alleged racism, Racism - Related concepts, Racism - Some examples of organizations often accused of racism, Racism - Related terminology

Read more here: » Racism: Encyclopedia II - Racism - Expressions

Alliance for the Future of Austria - The party's attitude to the Nazi period. Upon its foundation the BZÖ declared itself ready for government and for a continuation of the coalition with the People's Party. One of the reasons for founding the new party, according to its leading lights, was the need to separate themselves from the German nationalist wing of the Freedom Party. However, shortly after his move from the Freedom Party to the BZÖ, Siegfried Kampl, a Carinthian member of the Federal Council and long-t ...

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Alliance for the Future of Austria, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Foundation, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Policies, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Members, Alliance for the Future of Austria - National presence, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Presence in the Bundesländer, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Election results, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Finances, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Controversies, Alliance for the Future of Austria - The party's attitude to the Nazi period, Alliance for the Future of Austria - The party's name, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Sources

Read more here: » Alliance for the Future of Austria: Encyclopedia II - Alliance for the Future of Austria - Controversies

Austria's head of state is the Bundespräsident (Federal President), elected by popular vote for a term of six years and limited to two terms of office. The federal cabinet consists of the Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor, prime minister) appointed by the president and a number of ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor. The federal cabinet is answerable to the National Council and can be forced to resign by a motion of no confidence. Traditionally the president assigns the chairpers ...

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Politics of Austria, Politics of Austria - Constitution, Politics of Austria - Executive branch, Politics of Austria - Legislative branch, Politics of Austria - Political parties and elections, Politics of Austria - Political Conditions, Politics of Austria - Recent events, Politics of Austria - Overview of political pressure groups and lobbies, Politics of Austria - International organization participation

Read more here: » Politics of Austria: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Austria - Executive branch

The Freedom Party was founded in 1955 and had its roots in the Pan German movement, which included both elements of liberalism and nationalism. It absorbed the political currents of former parties such as the Landbund and the Greater German People's Party of the First Republic. Its immediate predecessor was the Federation of Independents (Verband der Unabhängigen – VdU), which had obtained 12% of t ...

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Freedom Party of Austria, Freedom Party of Austria - Origins and history, Freedom Party of Austria - Jörg Haider, Freedom Party of Austria - The coalition government, Freedom Party of Austria - Secession of Jörg Haider and the BZÖ, Freedom Party of Austria - Chairpersons since 1958

Read more here: » Freedom Party of Austria: Encyclopedia II - Freedom Party of Austria - Origins and history

██ Border of Austria-Hungary in 1914 ██ Borders in 1914 ██ Borders in 1920 See also:

Anschluss, Anschluss - Situation before the Anschluss, Anschluss - The Anschluss of 1938, Anschluss - Hitler's first moves, Anschluss - Schuschnigg announces a referendum, Anschluss - German troops march into Austria, Anschluss - Reactions and consequences of the Anschluss, Anschluss - Legacy of the 1938 Anschluss, Anschluss - The Anschluss: annexation or union?, Anschluss - The appeal of Nazism to Austrians, Anschluss - The Second Republic, Anschluss - The Historical Commission and outstanding legal issues, Anschluss - Austrian political and military leaders in Nazi Germany, Anschluss - Notes

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During the Migration Period, the Slavs migrated into the Alps in the wake of the expansion of their Avar overlords during the 7th century, mixed with the Celto-Romanic population, and established the realm of Karantania, which covered much of eastern and central Austrian territory. In the meantime, the Germanic tribe of the Bavarians had developed in the 5th and 6th century in the west of the country and in Bavaria, while what is today Vorarlberg had been settled by the Alemans. Those groups mixed with the Rhaeto ...

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History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference

Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Early middle ages

"Thirty-three members of CPD received appointments in Reagan's first administration, more than twenty of them in national security posts. They were: Ronald Reagan, president Kenneth L. Adelman, U. S. Deputy Representative to the United Nations Richard V. Allen, assistant to the president for National Security Affairs Martin Anderson, assistant to the president for Policy Affairs James L. Buckley, Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science and Technology W. Glenn Campbel ...

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Committee on the Present Danger, Committee on the Present Danger - Historical Overview, Committee on the Present Danger - 2004 CPD Overview, Committee on the Present Danger - History: 1950s, Committee on the Present Danger - History: 1970s, Committee on the Present Danger - Government Connections, Committee on the Present Danger - Private Connections

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After the defeat of the Magyars by Emperor Otto the Great in the Battle of Lechfeld (955), new Marches were established in what is today Austria. The one known as the marchia orientalis was to become the core territory of Austria and was given to Leopold of Babenberg in 976. The Marches were overseen by a comes or dux as appointed by the king. The most normal translation of these offices is count or duke, but these titles conveyed very different meanings in the Early Middle Ages, and the Latin terminology is prefe ...

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History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference

Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Babenberg Austria

At the initial party conference on April 17, 2005, Jörg Haider was elected leader of the Alliance. Hubert Gorbach, the Austrian Vice-Chancellor and Minister for Infrastructure is now the parliamentary leader, with Heike Trammer and Karin Gastinger as his deputies. Uwe Scheuch, a member of the National Council and former General Secretary of the Freedom Party, is the Alliance's spokesman. The BZÖ has chosen orange as its party colour. Other prominent members are: - Social Security Minister and former Freedom Party leader ...

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Alliance for the Future of Austria, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Foundation, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Policies, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Members, Alliance for the Future of Austria - National presence, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Presence in the Bundesländer, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Election results, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Finances, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Controversies, Alliance for the Future of Austria - The party's attitude to the Nazi period, Alliance for the Future of Austria - The party's name, Alliance for the Future of Austria - Sources

Read more here: » Alliance for the Future of Austria: Encyclopedia II - Alliance for the Future of Austria - Members

Commenting on the Nobel Prize, she said that she was very happy but also felt despair: "despair for becoming a known, a person of the public". Paradigmatic for her modesty and subtle self-irony, she — a reputed feminist writer — wondered if she had been awarded the prize mainly for "being a woman" and suggested that among German authors, Peter Handke whom she praises as a "living classic" would have been a more worthy winner. Jelinek was criticized by some for not accepting the prize in person, instead a video message was presente ...

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Elfriede Jelinek, Elfriede Jelinek - Biography, Elfriede Jelinek - Critics and politics, Elfriede Jelinek - The Nobel Prize, Elfriede Jelinek - Bibliography, Elfriede Jelinek - Novels, Elfriede Jelinek - Plays, Elfriede Jelinek - Translations, Elfriede Jelinek - Opera libretto

Read more here: » Elfriede Jelinek: Encyclopedia II - Elfriede Jelinek - The Nobel Prize

He was a candidate of the Liberal Party of Canada in the 1988 federal election for the riding of York—Simcoe, but was defeated by the Progressive Conservative John Cole. He is the father of Belinda Stronach, the Liberal MP for Newmarket—Aurora. Magna International has also been noted for its connections to the Ontario PC Party and the Ontario Liberal Party. These connections were most famously exhibited when Progressive Conservative Premier Ernie Eves and Finance Minister Janet Ecker delivered the 2003 Ontario budget from a ...

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Frank Stronach, Frank Stronach - Early life, Frank Stronach - Business career, Frank Stronach - Politics, Frank Stronach - Activities in Austria, Frank Stronach - Hurricane Katrina, Frank Stronach - Honors

Read more here: » Frank Stronach: Encyclopedia II - Frank Stronach - Politics

Born Franz Strohsack in the small town of Kleinsemmering, Styria, Austria to a working-class couple. His childhood was marked by the Great Depression and the Second World War. At 14 he left school to apprentice as a tool and die maker. In 1954 he arrived in Montréal, Canada, and later moved to Ontario. He is married to Elfriede Sallmutter, also from Austria originally, and has two children: Belinda, a Canadian MP, and Andrew, who is recognized as one ...

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Frank Stronach, Frank Stronach - Early life, Frank Stronach - Business career, Frank Stronach - Politics, Frank Stronach - Activities in Austria, Frank Stronach - Hurricane Katrina, Frank Stronach - Honors

Read more here: » Frank Stronach: Encyclopedia II - Frank Stronach - Early life

Also see: First Austrian Republic Following the defeat of Austria-Hungary in World War I, in the Aftermath of World War I the Empire was broken up based loosely on national grounds. Austria, with its modern borders, was created out of the main German speaking areas. On November 12, 1918, Austria became a republic. Immediately after the war, the newly-formed Austrian parliament asked for a union with Germany. It was often feared that small Austria was not economically viable. In the end France and Italy prevented the merg ...

See also:

History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference

Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934

Main articles: Austrian Civil War, Austrofascism Under the Christian Social Party, the Austrian government was moving towards centralization of power in the Fascist model. In March 1933 the Dollfuss cabinet took advantage of a formal error during a vote on a bill in parliament. As the vote was very narrow, all of the three presidents of the National Council stepped down because they were not allowed to vote themselves while in office. This was an unforeseen event but it could have been resolved according to the rules of ...

See also:

History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference

Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938

Main article: Constitution of Austria Even though the Republic of Austria is just slightly larger than Maine, Scotland, or Hokkaidō, and even though it is home to an ethnically and culturally homogenous population of barely more than eight million people, Austria's constitution characterizes the republic as a federation consisting of nine autonomous federal states. Both the federation and all its states have written constitutions defining them to be republican entities governed according to the principles of representative dem ...

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Politics of Austria, Politics of Austria - Constitution, Politics of Austria - Executive branch, Politics of Austria - Legislative branch, Politics of Austria - Political parties and elections, Politics of Austria - Political Conditions, Politics of Austria - Recent events, Politics of Austria - Overview of political pressure groups and lobbies, Politics of Austria - International organization participation

Read more here: » Politics of Austria: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Austria - Constitution

The party had its first successes in the late eighties, when Umberto Bossi, elected at the Italian Senate, got his title of Senatur, or senator in some northern Italian local languages, a nickname he kept also when he no longer was a senator. The support for the party skyrocketed in the early nineties because of the huge political corruption scandal known as Tangentopoli and the Mani pulite investigations. The Northern League is a merger of the various regional movements (often named "league"), including the Lombard League ( ...

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Northern League Italy, Northern League Italy - History, Northern League Italy - Ideology, Northern League Italy - Reasons for the Initial Success, Northern League Italy - Federalism or Secession, Northern League Italy - Accusations of Racism, Northern League Italy - Leading members, Northern League Italy - Notes and references

Read more here: » Northern League Italy: Encyclopedia II - Northern League Italy - History

1 Stood only in Vienna 2 Stood only in Vienna and Vorarlberg 3 Stood only in Vorarlberg Main articles: Austria legislative election, 2002, and [[]], and [[]], a ...

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Politics of Austria, Politics of Austria - Constitution, Politics of Austria - Executive branch, Politics of Austria - Legislative branch, Politics of Austria - Political parties and elections, Politics of Austria - Political Conditions, Politics of Austria - Recent events, Politics of Austria - Overview of political pressure groups and lobbies, Politics of Austria - International organization participation

Read more here: » Politics of Austria: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Austria - Political parties and elections

History of Austria - Allied occupation. Under the Allied Commission established by an agreement on July 4, 1945, the country was occupied by the Allies from May 9, 1945 until July 27, 1955. Like Germany, Austria was divided in four zones, each of which was controlled by one of the four allied powers, with Vienna being also divided into four zones. Austria participated in the Wester ...

See also:

History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference

Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945

Main article: Anschluss, Nazi Germany Although the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of St. Germain had explicitly forbidden the unification of Austria and Germany, Nazi Germany was striving to annex Austria during the late 1930s, which was fiercely resisted by the Austrian Schuschnigg dictatorship. When the conflict was escalating in early 1938, Chancellor Schuschnigg announced a plebiscite on the issue on March 9, which was to take place on March 13. On March 12, German troops entered Austria, who met no resistance, in orde ...

See also:

History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference

Read more here: » History of Austria: Encyclopedia II - History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945

In 1957 he started his first business, Multimatic Investments Ltd., in the old manufacturing district of Toronto. In 1969 his firm acquired its first automotive parts contract and merged with Magna Electronics. In 1973 the name was convered from Multimatic Investments Ltd to Magna International Ltd., Over the following decades, after several mergers and acquisitions, his business gradually became the major force it is today. Even though Frank Stronach was part of the labour movement in the 1970's and 80's he is well known for his oppositio ...

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Frank Stronach, Frank Stronach - Early life, Frank Stronach - Business career, Frank Stronach - Politics, Frank Stronach - Activities in Austria, Frank Stronach - Hurricane Katrina, Frank Stronach - Honors

Read more here: » Frank Stronach: Encyclopedia II - Frank Stronach - Business career

Under the current rules for the amendment of the Treaties, the Treaties can only be amended by a new Treaty, which must be ratified by each of the Member States to enter into force. In all the EU member states the Treaty of Nice was ratified by parliamentary procedure, except in Ireland, where the Irish Supreme Court in an earlier judgment on the Single European Act had ruled that fundamental changes to European Treaties, which alter the Irish Constitution's recognition of sovereignty as being ultimately derived from the People, require an amendment to the Irish constitution. Ireland's constitu ...

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Treaty of Nice, Treaty of Nice - Provisions of the Treaty, Treaty of Nice - Ratification process, Treaty of Nice - Views of the Treaty, Treaty of Nice - Timeline

Read more here: » Treaty of Nice: Encyclopedia II - Treaty of Nice - Ratification process