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Jonathan Swift
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Jonathan Swift | | | |  Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Carlyle - Writings
Thomas Carlyle - Early writings.
His first major work, Sartor Resartus (1832) was intended to be a new kind of book: simultaneously factual and fictional, serious and satirical, speculative and historical. It ironically commented on its own formal structure, while forcing the reader to confront the problem of where 'truth' is to be found. The narrator finds contempt for all things in human society and life. He contemplates the "Everlasting No" of refusal, comes to the "Center of Indifference," and eventual ...
See also:Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Carlyle - Early Life and Influences, Thomas Carlyle - Writings, Thomas Carlyle - Early writings, Thomas Carlyle - Heroes and Hero Worship, Thomas Carlyle - The Everlasting Yea and No, Thomas Carlyle - Worship of Silence and Sorrow, Thomas Carlyle - Later work, Thomas Carlyle - Private life, Thomas Carlyle - Influence, Thomas Carlyle - Works, Thomas Carlyle - Definitions Read more here: » Thomas Carlyle: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Carlyle - Writings |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Cannibalism - Cannibal themes in myth, religion or arts On a primitive level, ritually eating part of the slaughtered enemy is a way of assuming the life-spirit of the departed. In a funeral ritual this may also be done with a respected member of one's own clan, ensuring immortality. Cannibal ogresses appear in folklore around the world, the witch in 'Hansel and Gretel' being the most immediate example.
The opening of Hell, the Zoroastrian contribution to Western mythology, is a mouth. According to Catholic dogma, bread and wine are transubstantiated into the real flesh and blood of Jesus, ...
See also:Cannibalism, Cannibalism - Non-human cannibalism, Cannibalism - Cannibalism among humans, Cannibalism - Modern cannibalism, Cannibalism - Historical cannibalism incidents, Cannibalism - Cannibalism in war, Cannibalism - 'Cannibalism' as cultural libel, Cannibalism - Sexualized cannibalism fantasies and real, Cannibalism - Cannibal themes in myth, religion or arts, Cannibalism - Cannibalism as sympathetic magic, Cannibalism - Cannibalism as a funeral rite, Cannibalism - Cannibalism in popular culture, Cannibalism - Other uses of the word Read more here: » Cannibalism: Encyclopedia II - Cannibalism - Cannibal themes in myth, religion or arts |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Life Cibber was born in London, his father being Caius Gabriel Cibber, a distinguished sculptor originally from Denmark. Colley's parents wanted him to become a clergyman, but he was irresistibly attracted to the stage and in 1690 began working as an actor at the Drury Lane theatre, a more insecure and socially much inferior job. "Poor, at odds with his parents, and entering the theatrical world at a time when players were losing their power to businessmen-managers" (Biographical Dictionary of Actors), Cibber nevertheless married early in ...
See also:Colley Cibber, Colley Cibber - Life, Colley Cibber - Cibber's autobiography, Colley Cibber - Cibber as actor, Colley Cibber - Cibber as playwright, Colley Cibber - Love's Last Shift, Colley Cibber - The Careless Husband, Colley Cibber - Other plays, Colley Cibber - Cibber as manager, Colley Cibber - Cibber as poet, Colley Cibber - Cibber as dunce, Colley Cibber - Pamphlet wars, Colley Cibber - The King of Dunces, Colley Cibber - Plays, Colley Cibber - Literary Trivia Read more here: » Colley Cibber: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Life |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660 The sonnet form and other Italian literary influences arrived in English literature. The sonnet was introduced into English by Thomas Wyatt in the early 16th century.
In the later 16th century English poetry was characterised by elaboration of language and extensive allusion to classical myths. The most important poets of this era include Edmund Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney.
The most important literary achievements of the English Renaissance were in drama. William Shakespeare wrote over thirty-five plays in several genres, inc ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660 |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century The position of Poet Laureate was formalised in this period.
The early 18th century is known as the Augustan Age of English literature. The poetry of the time was highly formal, as exemplified by the works of Alexander Pope.
Although the documented history of Irish theatre began at least as early as 1601, the earliest Irish dramatists of note were William Congreve, one of the most interesting writers of Restoration comedies, and Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsl ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Late medieval literature in England Latin literature circulated among the educated classes.
Following the Norman conquest, the development of Anglo-Norman literature in the Anglo-Norman realm introduced literary trends from Continental Europe such as the chanson de geste.
In the later medieval period a new form of English now known as Middle English evolved. This is the earliest form which is comprehensible to modern readers and listeners, albeit not easily.
The most significant Middle English author was the poet Geoffrey Chaucer who was active in the late 14th C ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Late medieval literature in England |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Carlyle - Private life Carlyle married Jane Welsh in 1826, but the marriage was quite unhappy. The letters between Carlyle and his wife have been published, and they show that the couple had an affection for one another that was marred by frequent quarrels. There was a sexual incident that is the cause of much speculation by biographers. Whether this was a case of impotence or psychosexual neurosis, no one can be sure, but the couple was apparently celibate.
Carlyle became increasingly alienated from his wife. Although she had been an invalid for some time, ...
See also:Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Carlyle - Early Life and Influences, Thomas Carlyle - Writings, Thomas Carlyle - Early writings, Thomas Carlyle - Heroes and Hero Worship, Thomas Carlyle - The Everlasting Yea and No, Thomas Carlyle - Worship of Silence and Sorrow, Thomas Carlyle - Later work, Thomas Carlyle - Private life, Thomas Carlyle - Influence, Thomas Carlyle - Works, Thomas Carlyle - Definitions Read more here: » Thomas Carlyle: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Carlyle - Private life |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century As the Norman nobles of Scotland assimilated to indigenous culture they commissioned Scots versions of popular continental romances, for example: Launcelot o the Laik and The Buik o Alexander. In the early 16th century, Gavin Douglas produced a Scots translation of the Aeneid. Chaucerian, classical and French literary language continued to influence Scots literature up until the Reformation. The Complaynt of Scotland shows the interplay of la ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Other medieval literatures For a comparatively small country, Ireland has made a disproportionate contribution to world literature in all its branches, and especially to the other national literatures of the islands. The Irish literature that is best known outside the country is in English, but the Irish language also has the most significant body of written literature, both ancient and recent, in any Celtic language, in addition to a strong oral tradition of legends and poetry.
In Medieval Welsh literature the period before 1100 is known as the period of Y ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Other medieval literatures |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - English language literature since 1900 The major lyric poet of the first decades of the 20th century was Thomas Hardy, who concentrated on poetry after the harsh response to his last novel, Jude the Obscure.
The most widely popular writer of the early years of the 20th century was arguably Rudyard Kipling, a highly versatile writer of novels, short stories and poems, often based on his experiences of British ruled India. Kipling was closely associat ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - English language literature since 1900 |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Church of Ireland - The Church of Ireland today The contemporary Church of Ireland, despite having a small number of High Church (often described as Anglo-Catholic) parishes, is on the moderately Protestant part of the spectrum of world Anglicanism. Historically, it had little of the difference in churchmanship between parishes characteristic of other Anglican Provinces, although a number of more markedly liberal, High Church or evangelical parishes have developed in recent decades. It was the second province of the Anglican Communion after the Anglican Church of New Zealand (1857) to adopt, on its 1871 disestablishment, synodical government, and was one o ...
See also:Church of Ireland, Church of Ireland - History, Church of Ireland - The Church of Ireland today, Church of Ireland - Prominent Irish Anglicans Read more here: » Church of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Church of Ireland - The Church of Ireland today |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Cibber's autobiography Cibber's colourful autobiography, An Apology for the Life of Colley Cibber (1740), pioneered the truly personal autobiography, and inaugurated a distinctive British tradition of chatty, meandering, anecdotal memoirs. At the time of writing the word "apology" meant a statement in defence of ones' actions rather than a statement of regret for having transgressed.
Cibber wrote in detail about his time in the theatre, especially his early years as a young actor at Drury Lane in the 1690s, giving a vivid account of the cutthroat the ...
See also:Colley Cibber, Colley Cibber - Life, Colley Cibber - Cibber's autobiography, Colley Cibber - Cibber as actor, Colley Cibber - Cibber as playwright, Colley Cibber - Love's Last Shift, Colley Cibber - The Careless Husband, Colley Cibber - Other plays, Colley Cibber - Cibber as manager, Colley Cibber - Cibber as poet, Colley Cibber - Cibber as dunce, Colley Cibber - Pamphlet wars, Colley Cibber - The King of Dunces, Colley Cibber - Plays, Colley Cibber - Literary Trivia Read more here: » Colley Cibber: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Cibber's autobiography |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Cibber as actor Cibber began his career as an actor at Drury Lane in 1690, with little success for several years. "The first Thing that enters into the Head of a young Actor", he wrote in his autobiography half a century later, "is that of being a Heroe: In this Ambition I was soon snubb'd by the Insufficiency of my Voice; to which might be added an uninform'd meagre Person… with a dismal pale Complexion. Under these Disadvantages, I had but a melancholy Prospect of ever playing a Lover with Mrs. Bracegirdle, which I had flatter'd my Hopes that my Youth m ...
See also:Colley Cibber, Colley Cibber - Life, Colley Cibber - Cibber's autobiography, Colley Cibber - Cibber as actor, Colley Cibber - Cibber as playwright, Colley Cibber - Love's Last Shift, Colley Cibber - The Careless Husband, Colley Cibber - Other plays, Colley Cibber - Cibber as manager, Colley Cibber - Cibber as poet, Colley Cibber - Cibber as dunce, Colley Cibber - Pamphlet wars, Colley Cibber - The King of Dunces, Colley Cibber - Plays, Colley Cibber - Literary Trivia Read more here: » Colley Cibber: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Cibber as actor |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Carlyle - Early Life and Influences Carlyle was born in Ecclefechan, Dumfries and Galloway, and was educated at Annan Academy, Annan.
He was powerfully influenced by his family's (and his nation's) strong Calvinism. After attending the University of Edinburgh, Carlyle became a mathematics teacher, first in Annan and then in Kirkcaldy, where Carlyle became an admirer of the mystic Edward Irving.
In 1819 - 1821, Carlyle went back to the University of Edinburgh, where he suffered an intense crisis of faith and conversion that would provide the material for Sartor ...
See also:Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Carlyle - Early Life and Influences, Thomas Carlyle - Writings, Thomas Carlyle - Early writings, Thomas Carlyle - Heroes and Hero Worship, Thomas Carlyle - The Everlasting Yea and No, Thomas Carlyle - Worship of Silence and Sorrow, Thomas Carlyle - Later work, Thomas Carlyle - Private life, Thomas Carlyle - Influence, Thomas Carlyle - Works, Thomas Carlyle - Definitions Read more here: » Thomas Carlyle: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Carlyle - Early Life and Influences |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Literary prizes Recipients of the Nobel Prize in Literature from the isles include Rudyard Kipling (1907), George Bernard Shaw (1925), John Galsworthy (1932), T.S. Eliot (1948), Bertrand Russell (1950), Winston Churchill (1953), William Golding (1983), Seamus Heaney (1995), V. S. Naipaul (2001) and Harold Pinter (2005).
Literary prizes for which writers from the United Kingdom are eligible include:
Booker Prize
Commonwealth Writers Prize
International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award
Whitbread Awards
Orange Prize for ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Literary prizes |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Anne of Great Britain - Style and arms The official style of Anne before 1707 was "Anne, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc." (The claim to France was only nominal, and had been asserted by every English King since Edward III, regardless of the amount of French territory actually controlled.) After the Union, her style was "Anne, by the Grace of God, Queen of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc."
Anne's arms before the Union were: Quarterly, I and IV Grandquarterly, Azure three fleurs ...
See also:Anne of Great Britain, Anne of Great Britain - Early life, Anne of Great Britain - William and Mary, Anne of Great Britain - Early reign, Anne of Great Britain - Reign in Great Britain, Anne of Great Britain - Later years, Anne of Great Britain - Death, Anne of Great Britain - Legacy, Anne of Great Britain - Style and arms, Anne of Great Britain - Issue Read more here: » Anne of Great Britain: Encyclopedia II - Anne of Great Britain - Style and arms |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900 In the late 19th and early 20th century, Welsh literature began to reflect the way the Welsh language was increasingly becoming a political symbol. Two important literary nationalists were Saunders Lewis and Kate Roberts.
In the early 20th century in Scotland, a renaissance in the use of Lowland Scots occurred, its most vocal figure being Hugh MacDiarmid. Other contemporaries were Douglas Young, Sidney Goodsir Smith, Robert Garioch and Robert ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900 |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - British literature - 19th century English language literature
British literature - The Romantics.
Major political and social changes at the end of the eighteenth century, particularly the French Revolution, prompted a new breed of writing now known as Romanticism. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge began the trend for bringing emotionalism and introspection to English literature, with a new concentration on the individual and the common man. The reaction to urbanism and ...
See also:British literature, British literature - Old Celtic literature, British literature - Old English literature, British literature - Late medieval literature in England, British literature - Other medieval literatures, British literature - Early modern English literature to 1660, British literature - English language literature from 1660 to the late 18th century, British literature - Non English language literatures from the 16th century to the 19th century, British literature - 19th century English language literature, British literature - The Romantics, British literature - The 19th century novel, British literature - Victorian poets, British literature - Ireland, British literature - Wales, British literature - Scotland, British literature - English language literature since 1900, British literature - Non English language literatures since 1900, British literature - Literary prizes Read more here: » British literature: Encyclopedia II - British literature - 19th century English language literature |
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| | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Anne of Great Britain - Death Anne died of suppressed gout, ending in erysipelas, which produced an abscess and fever, at approximately 7 o'clock on 1 August 1714. Her body was so swollen that it had to be buried in Westminster Abbey in a vast almost-square coffin.
She died shortly after the Electress Sophia (8 June of the same year); the Electress's son, George I, Elector of Hanover, inherited the British Crown. Pursuant to the Act of Settlement 1701, about fifty Roman Catholics with genealogically senior claims were disregarded. Amongst those who were omitted we ...
See also:Anne of Great Britain, Anne of Great Britain - Early life, Anne of Great Britain - William and Mary, Anne of Great Britain - Early reign, Anne of Great Britain - Reign in Great Britain, Anne of Great Britain - Later years, Anne of Great Britain - Death, Anne of Great Britain - Legacy, Anne of Great Britain - Style and arms, Anne of Great Britain - Issue Read more here: » Anne of Great Britain: Encyclopedia II - Anne of Great Britain - Death |
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| | | | | | Jonathan Swift: Encyclopedia II - Transubstantiation - Anglicanism Anglican Churches generally use the term "Real Presence" without necessarily being more precise, though many Anglican divines utilize the Orthodox idea of metousiosis. Some Anglicans hold views nearly indistinguishable from transubstantiation, while others hold views closer to consubstantiation, or "pneumatic presence" or other Protestant views.
A minority of Anglicans disavow the idea that the real presence is objective. As an extreme reaction against the idea of objective presence, it was associated with idea from Roman scholasticis ...
See also:Transubstantiation, Transubstantiation - Theology of transubstantiation, Transubstantiation - Roman Catholicism, Transubstantiation - Oriental Orthodoxy and Eastern Orthodoxy, Transubstantiation - Anglicanism, Transubstantiation - Lutheranism, Transubstantiation - The Old-Catholics Altkatholische and the independent catholic Churches derived from them, Transubstantiation - Other Christian denominations, Transubstantiation - Historical perspectives Read more here: » Transubstantiation: Encyclopedia II - Transubstantiation - Anglicanism |
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