Jon Frum

A cargo cult is any of a group of religious movements that occurred in Melanesia, in the Southwestern Pacific. The Cargo Cults believed that manufactured western goods ('cargo') were created by ancestral spirits and intended for Melanesian people. White people, however, had unfairly gained control of these objects. Cargo cults thus focused on purifying their communities of what they perceived as 'white' influences by conducting rituals similar to the white behavior they had observed, presuming that this activity would make cargo come. ...

Including:

• Cargo cult - History
• Cargo cult - Other instances of cargo cults
• Cargo cult - Analogues in modern culture
• Cargo cult - References in art and design
• Cargo cult - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Cargo cult: Encyclopedia - Cargo cult

Discussions of cargo cults usually begin with a series of movements that occurred in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The earliest cargo cult was the 'Tuka Movement' that began in Fiji in 1885. Other early movements occured mostly in Papua New Guinea, including the Taro Cult in Northern Papua, and the Vailala Madness documented by F.E. Williams, one of the first anthropologists to ...

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Cargo cult, Cargo cult - History, Cargo cult - Other instances of cargo cults, Cargo cult - Analogues in modern culture, Cargo cult - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Cargo cult: Encyclopedia II - Cargo cult - History

The Republic of Vanuatu is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago is located some 1,750 km east of Australia, 500 km north-east of New Caledonia, west of Fiji and south of the Solomon Islands. It was named New Hebrides during its colonial period. Vanuatu - History. Main article: History of Vanuatu Many of the islands of Vanuatu have been inhabited for thousands of years, the oldest evidence found dating to 2000 BC. In 1606, the Portuguese explorer Pedro Fernández ...

Including:

• Vanuatu - History
• Vanuatu - Politics
• Vanuatu - Provinces
• Vanuatu - Geography
• Vanuatu - Ecology
• Vanuatu - Economy
• Vanuatu - Demographics
• Vanuatu - Culture
• Vanuatu - List of cities
• Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia - Vanuatu

A similar cult, the dance of the spirits, arose from contact between Native Americans and the Anglo-American civilization in late 19th century. The Paiute prophet Wovoka preached that by dancing in a certain fashion, the ancestors would come back on railways and a new earth would cover the white people. A religion described as a "cargo cult" developed during the Vietnam War among some of the Hmong people of Southeast Asia. The core of their beliefs was that the second coming of Jesus Christ was imminent, only this time he would arrive ...

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Cargo cult, Cargo cult - History, Cargo cult - Other instances of cargo cults, Cargo cult - Analogues in modern culture, Cargo cult - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Cargo cult: Encyclopedia II - Cargo cult - Other instances of cargo cults

Peter Marigold concieved a Cargo Cult for one of his recent projects at the Royal College of Art in London. In his narrative, "a more recent occurrence of this type of behavior took place in 1979 when the Taiwanese ship Lunchaun, carrying a large cargo of electrical components, capsized in the Polynesian ocean. Much of its dumped cargo was plundered by the local islanders, and objects were fashioned from the found debris, some utilitarian, some ritualistic. Most interestingly many of them appear to have been intended as simple but powerful e ...

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Cargo cult, Cargo cult - History, Cargo cult - Other instances of cargo cults, Cargo cult - Analogues in modern culture, Cargo cult - References in art and design, Cargo cult - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Cargo cult: Encyclopedia II - Cargo cult - References in art and design

The cargo cult has been used as an analogy to describe certain phenomena in the First World, particularly in the area of business. After any substantial commercial success—whether it is a new model of car, a vacuum cleaner, a toy or a motion picture—there typically arise imitators who produce superficial copies of the original, but with none of the original's substance. In the world of military aviation, the Soviet Tupolev Tu-4 bomber is the subject of a cargo cult urban legend. The bomber was a direct copy of an American Boeing B ...

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Cargo cult, Cargo cult - History, Cargo cult - Other instances of cargo cults, Cargo cult - Analogues in modern culture, Cargo cult - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Cargo cult: Encyclopedia II - Cargo cult - Analogues in modern culture

The Ghost Dance — also known as the Ghost Dance of 1890 — as noted in historical accounts, is a millennialist spiritual movement among Native Americans in the United States that began toward the end of 1888 and reached its peak just before the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890. Although the religion is still practiced, it enjoyed only a short period of popularity. Ghost Dance - History. The movement began with the sounds of a baby crying late at night and its mother dancing around to quiet the child ...

Including:

• Ghost Dance - History
• Ghost Dance - Cultural references
• Ghost Dance - Paiute foundational traditions
• Ghost Dance - Practices and principles
• Ghost Dance - Samples
• Ghost Dance - Movements with similarities

Read more here: » Ghost Dance: Encyclopedia - Ghost Dance

Main article: History of Vanuatu Many of the islands of Vanuatu have been inhabited for thousands of years, the oldest evidence found dating to 2000 BC. In 1606, the Portuguese explorer Pedro Fernández de Quirós became the first European to reach the islands. Europeans began settling the islands in the late 18th century, after British explorer James Cook visited the islands on his second voyage. In 1906, the French and British agreed to an Anglo-French Condominium on the New Hebrides, as the islands were then known. In ...

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Vanuatu, Vanuatu - History, Vanuatu - Politics, Vanuatu - Provinces, Vanuatu - Geography, Vanuatu - Ecology, Vanuatu - Economy, Vanuatu - Demographics, Vanuatu - Culture, Vanuatu - List of cities, Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia II - Vanuatu - History

The movement began with the sounds of a baby crying late at night and its mother dancing around to quiet the child down back in 1852. The child, Wovoka, claimed that in his dream, he was taken into the spirit world and saw all Native Americans being taken up into the sky and the Earth opening up to swallow all Whites and to revert back to its natural state. The Native Americans, along with their ancestors, were put back upon the earth to live in peace. He also claimed that he was shown that by dancing the round-dance continuously, the dream would become a reality and the ...

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Ghost Dance, Ghost Dance - History, Ghost Dance - Cultural references, Ghost Dance - Paiute foundational traditions, Ghost Dance - Practices and principles, Ghost Dance - Samples, Ghost Dance - Movements with similarities

Read more here: » Ghost Dance: Encyclopedia II - Ghost Dance - History

Main article: Demographics of Vanuatu Population: 202,609 (July 2004) Most of the inhabitants of Vanuatu (95%) are native Melanesian, or Ni-Vanuatu, with the remainder made up of Europeans, Asians and other Pacific islanders. There are three official languages: English, French and Bislama (a creole language which evolved from English). In addition, over one hundred local languages are spoken on the islands. The density of languages per capita is the highest of any nation in the world (average of only 2000 speakers per langu ...

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Vanuatu, Vanuatu - History, Vanuatu - Politics, Vanuatu - Provinces, Vanuatu - Geography, Vanuatu - Ecology, Vanuatu - Economy, Vanuatu - Demographics, Vanuatu - Culture, Vanuatu - List of cities, Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia II - Vanuatu - Demographics

Main article: Culture of Vanuatu The people are very proud and friendly. Visitors and tourists are encouraged to display modesty and politness and to dress in a respectful manner. Music of Vanuatu ...

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Vanuatu, Vanuatu - History, Vanuatu - Politics, Vanuatu - Provinces, Vanuatu - Geography, Vanuatu - Ecology, Vanuatu - Economy, Vanuatu - Demographics, Vanuatu - Culture, Vanuatu - List of cities, Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia II - Vanuatu - Culture

In the novel Player Piano by Kurt Vonnegut, The Ghost Shirt Society is a rebellion against the machine society of a near-future dystopia. The Patti Smith record Easter contains the song 'Ghost Dance'. The 1985 Red Hot Chili Peppers album Freaky Styley contains the song 'American Ghost Dance'. ...

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Ghost Dance, Ghost Dance - History, Ghost Dance - Cultural references, Ghost Dance - Paiute foundational traditions, Ghost Dance - Practices and principles, Ghost Dance - Samples, Ghost Dance - Movements with similarities

Read more here: » Ghost Dance: Encyclopedia II - Ghost Dance - Cultural references

Main article: Economy of Vanuatu The economy is based primarily on subsistence or small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for 65% of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism (with about 50,000 visitors in 1997), are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties and a 12.5 percent Value Add ...

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Vanuatu, Vanuatu - History, Vanuatu - Politics, Vanuatu - Provinces, Vanuatu - Geography, Vanuatu - Ecology, Vanuatu - Economy, Vanuatu - Demographics, Vanuatu - Culture, Vanuatu - List of cities, Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia II - Vanuatu - Economy

Main article: Geography of Vanuatu Vanuatu is not just one island. It is actually an 83-island archipelago, of which two — Matthew and Hunter — are also claimed by the French overseas department of New Caledonia. Of all the 83 islands, 14 have surface areas of more than 100 square kilometer, namely Espiritu Santo (3956 km²), Malakula (2041 km²), Éfaté (900 km²), Erromango (888 km²), Ambrym (678 km²), Tanna (555 km²), Pentecôte (491 km²), Épi (445 km²), Ambae or Aoba (402 km²), Vanua Lava (334 km²), Santa Maria ...

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Vanuatu, Vanuatu - History, Vanuatu - Politics, Vanuatu - Provinces, Vanuatu - Geography, Vanuatu - Ecology, Vanuatu - Economy, Vanuatu - Demographics, Vanuatu - Culture, Vanuatu - List of cities, Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia II - Vanuatu - Geography

The Paiute tradition that lead to the Natdia (Ghost Dance) began in the 1870 in the Western Great Basin from the visions of Wodziwob (Gray Hair) concerning earth renewal and the reintroduction of the spirits of ancient Numu (Northern Paiute) ancestors into the contemporary day to help the Numu. This movement continued with additional revelation to a Paiute known as Wovoka (Woodcutter) during a solar eclipse. Central to the Natdia religion was the dance itself — dancing in a circular patter ...

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Ghost Dance, Ghost Dance - History, Ghost Dance - Cultural references, Ghost Dance - Paiute foundational traditions, Ghost Dance - Practices and principles, Ghost Dance - Samples, Ghost Dance - Movements with similarities

Read more here: » Ghost Dance: Encyclopedia II - Ghost Dance - Paiute foundational traditions

Main article: Politics of Vanuatu The parliament of Vanuatu is unicameral, and has 52 members; these are elected every four years by popular vote. The leader of the main party in the parliament is usually elected Prime Minister, and heads the government. The head of state, the President, is chosen every five years by the parliament and the presidents of the six provincial governments. Forming coalition governments, however, has proved problematic at times, owing to differences ...

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Vanuatu, Vanuatu - History, Vanuatu - Politics, Vanuatu - Provinces, Vanuatu - Geography, Vanuatu - Ecology, Vanuatu - Economy, Vanuatu - Demographics, Vanuatu - Culture, Vanuatu - List of cities, Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia II - Vanuatu - Politics

Main article: Provinces of Vanuatu Vanuatu has six provinces: Malampa Penama Sanma Shefa Tafea Torba ...

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Vanuatu, Vanuatu - History, Vanuatu - Politics, Vanuatu - Provinces, Vanuatu - Geography, Vanuatu - Ecology, Vanuatu - Economy, Vanuatu - Demographics, Vanuatu - Culture, Vanuatu - List of cities, Vanuatu - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Vanuatu: Encyclopedia II - Vanuatu - Provinces

The dance as envisioned by Wovoka: "When you get home you must begin a dance and continue for five days. Dance for four successive nights, and on the last night continue dancing until the morning of the fifth day, when all must bathe in the river and then return to their homes. You must all do this in the same way. ...I want you to dance every six weeks. Make a feast at the dance and have food that everybody may eat." He also told the dancers to remain peaceful, work fo ...

See also:

Ghost Dance, Ghost Dance - History, Ghost Dance - Cultural references, Ghost Dance - Paiute foundational traditions, Ghost Dance - Practices and principles, Ghost Dance - Samples, Ghost Dance - Movements with similarities

Read more here: » Ghost Dance: Encyclopedia II - Ghost Dance - Practices and principles