John von Neumann (Neumann János) (December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Jewish Hungarian-born mathematician and polymath who made important contributions in quantum physics, functional analysis, set theory, computer science, economics and many other mathematical fields. Most notably, von Neumann was a pioneer of the modern digital computer and the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics (see Von Neumann algebra), member of the Manhattan Project Team, creator of game theory and the concept of cellular automata. ...

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John von Neumann - Biography John von Neumann - Logic John von Neumann - Quantum Mechanics John von Neumann - Economics John von Neumann - Armaments John von Neumann - Computer Science John von Neumann - Politics and Social Affairs John von Neumann - Honors John von Neumann - Students

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John von Neumann, John von Neumann - Biography, John von Neumann - Logic, John von Neumann - Quantum Mechanics, John von Neumann - Economics, John von Neumann - Armaments, John von Neumann - Computer Science, John von Neumann - Politics and Social Affairs, John von Neumann - Honors, John von Neumann - Students

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The John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and Management Science (INFORMS, previously TIMS-ORSA) is awarded annually to an individual (or sometimes group) who have made fundamental and sustained contributions to theory in operations research and the management sciences. The IEEE John von Neumann Medal is awarded annually by the IEEE "for outstanding achievements in computer-related science and technology." Von Neumann, a crater on Ear ...

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John von Neumann, John von Neumann - Biography, John von Neumann - Logic, John von Neumann - Quantum mechanics, John von Neumann - Economics, John von Neumann - Armaments, John von Neumann - Computer science, John von Neumann - Politics and social affairs, John von Neumann - Honors, John von Neumann - Students

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"We can all think clearly, more or less, some of the time, but von Neumann's clarity of thought was orders of magnitude greater than that of most of us, all the time. For von Neumann it seemed to be impossible to be unclear in thought or in expression." --Paul Halmos The oldest of three children, von Neumann was born Neumann Margittai János Lajos (two surnames, two given names respectively) in Budapest, Austria-Hungary (Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia) to Neumann Miksa (Max Neumann), a lawyer who worked in a bank, and ...

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John von Neumann, John von Neumann - Biography, John von Neumann - Logic, John von Neumann - Quantum Mechanics, John von Neumann - Economics, John von Neumann - Armaments, John von Neumann - Computer Science, John von Neumann - Politics and Social Affairs, John von Neumann - Honors, John von Neumann - Students

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"We can all think clearly, more or less, some of the time, but von Neumann's clarity of thought was orders of magnitude greater than that of most of us, all the time. For von Neumann it seemed to be impossible to be unclear in thought or in expression." --Paul Halmos The oldest of three children, von Neumann was born Neumann Margittai János Lajos (two surnames, two given names respectively) in Budapest, Austria-Hungary (Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia) to Neumann Miksa (Max Neumann), a lawyer who worked in a bank, and ...

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John von Neumann, John von Neumann - Biography, John von Neumann - Logic, John von Neumann - Quantum mechanics, John von Neumann - Economics, John von Neumann - Armaments, John von Neumann - Computer science, John von Neumann - Politics and social affairs, John von Neumann - Honors, John von Neumann - Students

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The arithmetic logic unit/arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) of a computer's CPU is a part of the execution unit, a core component of all CPUs. ALUs are capable of calculating the results of a wide variety of basic arithmetical computations. Virtually all modern computer ALUs use the two's complement binary number representation (whereas some early computers used either one's complement or sign-magnitude format). Arithmetic logic unit - History. ENIAC designer, John Von Neumann, originally pro ...

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Arithmetic logic unit - History Arithmetic logic unit - ALU operations Arithmetic logic unit - Inputs and outputs Arithmetic logic unit - Notes

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Computer science, an academic discipline (abbreviated CS , CSC, or Comp. Sci.), is a body of knowledge generally about computer hardware, software, computation and its theory. The discipline focuses on the management of the complexity in the construction and analysis of computer systems. The computer's operating system controls the hardware by its software with algorithms. Software involves a study of computer languages and programming paradigms, which further involves mathematical practices and abstraction. Hardw ...

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Computer science - Sub-disciplines of computer science
Computer science - Algorithms Computer science - Data structures Computer science - Closely related disciplines
Computer science - History of computer science
Computer science - Evolutionary Computer science - Academic discipline
Computer science - Demographics
Computer science - Careers
Computer science - Major fields of importance for computer science
Computer science - Mathematical foundations Computer science - Theoretical computer science Computer science - Hardware Computer science - Computer systems organization Computer science - Software Computer science - Data and information systems Computer science - Computing methodologies Computer science - Computer applications Computer science - Computing milieux

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Conway became interested in a problem in group theory proposed by mathematician John Leech having to do with the symmetry group of a particular dense packing of spheres in 24 dimensions. Conway found some remarkable properties and published the results in 1968. Conway was also interested in a problem presented in the 1940s by renowned mathematician John von Neumann. Von Neumann tried to find a hypothetical machine that could build copies of itself and succeeded when he found a mathematical model for such a machine with very complicated rules ...

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Conway's Game of Life, Conway's Game of Life - Origins, Conway's Game of Life - Rules of Life, Conway's Game of Life - Description, Conway's Game of Life - The game, Conway's Game of Life - Iteration, Conway's Game of Life - Examples of patterns, Conway's Game of Life - Algorithms, Conway's Game of Life - Variations on Life, Conway's Game of Life - Patterns, Conway's Game of Life - 125/36, Conway's Game of Life - 245/3 245/36, Conway's Game of Life - Bibliography, Conway's Game of Life - External Article Links, Conway's Game of Life - Patterns and Pattern Collections, Conway's Game of Life - Life Program Links, Conway's Game of Life - External Cellular Automata Links

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John von Neumann found and handled the problem What kind of logical organization is sufficient for an automaton to be able to reproduce itself? He was able to construct a Universal Constructor with a square grid and 29 states. E. F. Codd found a simpler machine with only eight states. Therefore von Neumanns question had to be modified: What kind of logical organization is necessarySee also:

Codd's cellular automaton, Codd's cellular automaton - Description, Codd's cellular automaton - Implementation

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Stanislaw Ulam, while working at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1940s, studied the growth of crystals, using a simple lattice network as his model. At the same time, John von Neumann—Ulam's colleague at Los Alamos—was working on the problem of self-replicating systems. Von Neumann's initial design was founded upon the notion of one robot building another robot. This design is known as the kinematic model. As he developed this design, von Neumann came to realize the great difficulty of building a self-replicating robot, and of ...

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Cellular automaton, Cellular automaton - History of cellular automata, Cellular automaton - The simplest cellular automata, Cellular automaton - Reversible cellular automata, Cellular automaton - Totalistic cellular automata, Cellular automaton - Uses in cryptography, Cellular automaton - Related automata, Cellular automaton - Cellular automata in nature, Cellular automaton - Cellular automata in the chemistry lab, Cellular automaton - Articles on specific cellular automata

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An adequate account of quantum indeterminacy requires a theory of measurement. Many theories have been proposed since the beginning of quantum mechanics and quantum measurement continues to be an active research area in both theoretical and experimental physics (Braginski and Khalili 1992.) Possibly the first systematic attempt at a mathematical theory was developed by John von Neumann. The kind of measurements he investigated in (von Neumann, 1955) are now called projective measurements. That theory was based in turn on the theory of projec ...

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Quantum indeterminacy, Quantum indeterminacy - Measurement, Quantum indeterminacy - Example, Quantum indeterminacy - Other examples of indeterminacy, Quantum indeterminacy - Indeterminacy and incompleteness, Quantum indeterminacy - Indeterminacy for mixed states, Quantum indeterminacy - External link

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The design for the EDVAC was developed before the ENIAC was even operational, it was intended to resolve many of the problems created by the ENIAC's design. Like the ENIAC, the EDVAC was built for the U.S. Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground by the University of Pennsylvania. The ENIAC designers Eckert & Mauchly were joined by John von Neumann and some others and the new design was based on von ...

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EDVAC, EDVAC - Project origin and plans, EDVAC - Technical description, EDVAC - Installation and operation

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Hilbert spaces were named after David Hilbert, who studied them in the context of integral equations. The origin of the designation "der abstrakte Hilbertsche Raum" is John von Neumann in his famous work on unbounded Hermitian operators published in 1929. Von Neumann was perhaps the mathematician who most clearly recognized their importance as a result of his seminal work on the foundations of quantum mechanics begun with Hilbert and Lothar (Wolfgang) Nordheim and continued with Eugene Wigner. The name "Hilbert space" was soon adopted by oth ...

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Hilbert space, Hilbert space - Introduction, Hilbert space - Definition, Hilbert space - Examples, Hilbert space - Euclidean spaces, Hilbert space - Sequence spaces, Hilbert space - Lebesgue spaces, Hilbert space - Sobolev spaces, Hilbert space - Operations on Hilbert spaces, Hilbert space - Bases, Hilbert space - Orthogonal complements and projections, Hilbert space - Reflexivity, Hilbert space - Bounded operators, Hilbert space - Unbounded operators

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The idea of non-biological self-replicating systems was first seriously suggested by mathematician John von Neumann in the late 1940s when he proposed a kinematic self-reproducing automaton model as a thought experiment. See von Neumann, J., 1966, The Theory of Self-reproducing Automata, A. Burks, ed., Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL. Clanking replicator - Advanced Automation for Space Missions. In 1980, NASA conducted a summer study entitled Advanced Automation for Space Missions, edited ...

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Clanking replicator, Clanking replicator - Basic concept, Clanking replicator - History of the concept, Clanking replicator - Advanced Automation for Space Missions, Clanking replicator - Other references, Clanking replicator - Clanking replicators in fiction, Clanking replicator - Other notable works containing clanking replicators, Clanking replicator - Prospects for implementation, Clanking replicator - Etymology

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Self-organized criticality is one of a number of important discoveries made in statistical physics and related fields over the latter half of the 20th century, discoveries which relate particularly to the study of complexity in nature. For example, the study of cellular automata, from the early discoveries of Stanislaw Ulam and John von Neumann through to John Conway's Game of Life and the extensive work of Stephen Wolfram, made it clear that complexity could be generated as an emergent feature of extended systems with simple local interacti ...

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Self-organized criticality, Self-organized criticality - Overview, Self-organized criticality - Examples of self-organized critical dynamics

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The term "von Neumann architecture" arose from mathematician John von Neumann's paper, First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC[2]. Dated June 30, 1945, it was an early written account of a general purpose stored-program computing machine (the EDVAC). However, while von Neumann's work was pioneering, the term von Neumann architecture does somewhat of an injustice to von Neumann's collaborators, contemporaries and even predecessors. A patent ...

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Von Neumann architecture, Von Neumann architecture - History, Von Neumann architecture - First Designs, Von Neumann architecture - Von Neumann bottleneck, Von Neumann architecture - Early stored-program computers, Von Neumann architecture - Notes

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He was born in Budapest, Hungary as Erdős Pál. (Erdős is pronounced as IPA /ɛrdøːʃ/, similar to "Air-dersh" if you say the second syllable non-rhotically.) His parents were both Jewish mathematicians. The Budapest Jewish community of that day produced at least five remarkable thinkers besides Erdős: Eugene Wigner, the physicist and engineer; Edward Teller, the physicist and politician; Leó Szilárd, the chemist, physicist and politician; John von Neumann, the mathem ...

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Paul Erdős, Paul Erdős - Biography, Paul Erdős - Mathematical work, Paul Erdős - Collaborations, Paul Erdős - Erdős Number, Paul Erdős - DVD collection of his works

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The term "von Neumann architecture" arose from mathematician John von Neumann's paper, First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC[2]. Dated June 30, 1945, it was an early written account of a general purpose stored-program computing machine (the EDVAC). However, while von Neumann's work was pioneering, the term von Neumann architecture does somewhat of an injustice to von Neumann's collaborators, contemporaries and even predecessors. A patent ...

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Von Neumann architecture, Von Neumann architecture - History, Von Neumann architecture - First designs, Von Neumann architecture - Von Neumann bottleneck, Von Neumann architecture - Early stored-program computers, Von Neumann architecture - Notes

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The formal laws of a physical theory, one should note, are justified by a process of repeated controlled observations. This from a physicist's point of view is the meaning of the empirical nature of these laws. The idea of a propositional logic with rules radically different from Boolean logic in itself was not new. Indeed a sort of analogy had been established in the mid-nineteen thirties by Garrett Birkhoff and John von Neumann between a non-classical propositional logic and some aspects of the measurement process in quantum mechani ...

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Is logic empirical?, Is logic empirical? - W. V. O. Quine, Is logic empirical? - Hans Reichenbach, Is logic empirical? - First article: Hilary Putnam, Is logic empirical? - Quantum logic, Is logic empirical? - Second article: Michael Dummett

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Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945, when he wrote a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer). Later in 1946, he worked with his colleagues in designing a computer for the Princeton Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS). The IAS computer became the prototype for many later computers. In the proposal, von Neumann outlined wh ...

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Arithmetic logic unit, Arithmetic logic unit - Von Neumann's proposal, Arithmetic logic unit - Practical overview, Arithmetic logic unit - ALU operations, Arithmetic logic unit - Inputs and outputs, Arithmetic logic unit - Notes

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