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John Hunyadi | A Wisdom Archive on John Hunyadi | | John Hunyadi A selection of articles related to John Hunyadi | |
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John Hunyadi
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO John Hunyadi | | | |  John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Belgrade - AftermathThe Magyars had, however, to pay dearly for this victory, as plague broke out in the camp, in which John Hunyadi himself died three weeks later (August 11, 1456).
As the design of the fortress had showed well during the siege, some additonal enforcements were made by the Hungarians. The weaker eastern walls, where the Ottomans breached through into the upper town were reinforced by the Zidan gate and the Heavy Nebojsa tower. This was the last of the great modifications to the fortress until 152 ...
See also:Siege of Belgrade, Siege of Belgrade - Preparations, Siege of Belgrade - Siege, Siege of Belgrade - Battle, Siege of Belgrade - Aftermath, Siege of Belgrade - Follow Up Read more here: » Siege of Belgrade: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Belgrade - Aftermath |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Belgrade - Battle The next day something unexpected happened. By some accounts, the peasant crusaders started a spontaneous action, and forced Capistrano and Hunyadi to make use of the situation. Despite Hunyadi's orders to the defenders not to try to loot the Turkish positions, some of the units crept out from demolished ramparts, took up positions across from the Turkish line, and began harassing enemy soldiers. Turkish spahis (provincial cavalry) tried without success to disperse the harassing force. At once more Christians joined those outside the wall. What began as an isolated incident ...
See also:Siege of Belgrade, Siege of Belgrade - Preparations, Siege of Belgrade - Siege, Siege of Belgrade - Battle, Siege of Belgrade - Aftermath, Siege of Belgrade - Follow Up Read more here: » Siege of Belgrade: Encyclopedia II - Siege of Belgrade - Battle |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Romania in the Middle Ages - Medieval states Early Romanian states, such as the Brodnici, were formed in the 10th and 11th century appearing in historical sources under the name of Blachi or Vallachi (Vlachs). Most of these states were small kingdoms that usually were disbanded after their leaders' deaths.
In the late 12th century, a part of the territory of Wallachia was incorporated in the Second Bulgarian Empire ruled by the Asen dynasty. A number of medieval sources, including Nicetas Choniates, call the first three rulers of the dynasty Vlachs. Their empire was called "The ...
See also:Romania in the Middle Ages, Romania in the Middle Ages - Arrival of the Magyars, Romania in the Middle Ages - Medieval states, Romania in the Middle Ages - Wallachia and Moldavia, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania, Romania in the Middle Ages - Ottoman Age, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania under the Habsburgs Read more here: » Romania in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - Romania in the Middle Ages - Medieval states |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Romania in the Middle Ages - Arrival of the Magyars In 896 the Magyars settled in the Pannonian Plain. According to Gesta Hungarorum, a chronicle from 12th century, the local states of Gelou, Glad and Menumorout of Biharia in Transylvania were defeated by the Magyars during the 10th century.
In 1003, King Stephen I of Hungary led an army into Transylvania and the local dux Geula or Gyyla submitted to him (see: Gyula). The authority of the Kingdom of Hungary over Transylvania was consolidated in the 11th and 12th centuries. The administration of Transylvania was in the hands of a voivod, who by the mid-13th century controlled the whole region. As early ...
See also:Romania in the Middle Ages, Romania in the Middle Ages - Arrival of the Magyars, Romania in the Middle Ages - Medieval states, Romania in the Middle Ages - Wallachia and Moldavia, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania, Romania in the Middle Ages - Ottoman Age, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania under the Habsburgs Read more here: » Romania in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - Romania in the Middle Ages - Arrival of the Magyars |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Geography The territory known today as Transylvania, consists of a region of 16 counties (Romanian: judeţ), which cover nearly 103 600 km² in central and northwest Romania. The 16 counties are Alba, Arad, Bihor, Bistriţa-Năsăud, Braşov, Caraş-Severin, Cluj, Covasna, Harghita, Hunedoara, Maramureş, Mureş, Sălaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, and Timiş.
The Transylvanian plateau, 300 to 500 metres (1,000-1,600 feet) high, is drained by the MureÅŸ, SomeÅŸ, CriÅŸ, and Olt rivers, as well as other tributaries of the Danube. Cluj-Napoca (318,027) is t ...
See also:Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: The heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Under Austrian Rule 1711-1867, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Historical coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Geography |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Politics Main article: Politics of Hungary
The President of the Republic, elected by the parliament every 5 years, has a largely ceremonial role, but powers also include appointing the prime minister. The prime minister selects cabinet ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them. Each cabinet nominee appears before one or more parliamentary committees in consultative open hearings and must be ...
See also:Hungary, Hungary - History, Hungary - Politics, Hungary - Administrative divisions, Hungary - Geography, Hungary - Climate, Hungary - Economy, Hungary - Demographics, Hungary - Culture, Hungary - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Politics |
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| | | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Etymology Transylvania was first referred to in a Latin language document in 1075 as "Ultra silvam," meaning "beyond the forest."
In 1075 King Géza I of Hungary when endowing the Benedictine abbey of Garamszentbenedek (now in Slovakia: Hronský Beňadik) granted to it half of the royal salt duty to be collected on the lading point of Arieş (Hungarian: Aranyos) riverside ("in loco, qui dicitur hungarice Aranas, latine autem Aureus"), near the Turda (Hungarian: Torda, German: Thorenburg) salt mine, loca ...
See also:Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: The heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Under Austrian Rule 1711-1867, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Historical coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Etymology |
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| | | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Vaslui - The battle The invading army entered Moldavia in December 1474. Åžtefan had instituted a scorched earth policy in order to inflict fatigue on the Ottomans, while harassing their advance with troops specialised in setting ambushes. The population, and animals, were evacuated to the north of the country. Ottoman scouts reported to Suleiman that there were untouched villages near Vaslui, and the Ottomans headed for that region. The winter made it difficult to set camp, which forced the Ottomans to move quickly and head for the Moldavian capital, Suceava. ...
See also:Battle of Vaslui, Battle of Vaslui - Background, Battle of Vaslui - Preparations for the war, Battle of Vaslui - The Ottomans, Battle of Vaslui - The Moldavians, Battle of Vaslui - The battle, Battle of Vaslui - Aftermath Read more here: » Battle of Vaslui: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Vaslui - The battle |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Administrative divisions Main article: Counties of Hungary
Hungary is subdivided administratively into 19 counties, in addition to which there is one capital city (főváros): Budapest. There are also 23 so-called urban counties (singular megyei jogú város), These are:
Békéscsaba
Debrecen
Dunaújváros
Eger
Érd
Győr
Hódmezővásárhely
Kaposvár
Kecskemét
Miskolc
Nagykanizsa
NyÃregyháza
Pécs
Salgóta ...
See also:Hungary, Hungary - History, Hungary - Politics, Hungary - Administrative divisions, Hungary - Geography, Hungary - Climate, Hungary - Economy, Hungary - Demographics, Hungary - Culture, Hungary - Related articles, Hungary - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Administrative divisions |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Politics Main article: Politics of Hungary
The President of the Republic, elected by the parliament every 5 years, has a largely ceremonial role, but powers also include appointing the prime minister. The prime minister selects cabinet ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them. Each cabinet nominee appears before one or more parliamentary committees in consultative open hearings and must be ...
See also:Hungary, Hungary - History, Hungary - Politics, Hungary - Administrative divisions, Hungary - Geography, Hungary - Climate, Hungary - Economy, Hungary - Demographics, Hungary - Culture, Hungary - Related articles, Hungary - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Politics |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Geography Main article: Geography of Hungary
Hungary's landscape consists mostly of the flat to rolling plains of the Carpathian Basin, with hills and lower mountains to the north along the Slovakian border (highest point: the Kékes at 1,014 m). Hungary is divided in two by its main waterway, the Danube (Duna); other large rivers include the Tisza and Dráva, while the western half contains Lake Balaton, a major body of water. The largest thermal lake in the world, Lake HévÃz (HévÃz Spa), is located in Hungary. The second largest lake in the Carpathian Basin (and probably the largest artificial lake in Europ ...
See also:Hungary, Hungary - History, Hungary - Politics, Hungary - Administrative divisions, Hungary - Geography, Hungary - Climate, Hungary - Economy, Hungary - Demographics, Hungary - Culture, Hungary - Related articles, Hungary - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Geography |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Climate Hungary has a continental climate, with cold, cloudy, humid winters and warm to hot summers. Average annual temperature is 9.7 °C (49.5 °F). Temperature extremes are about 38 °C (100 °F) in the summer and −29 °C (−20 °F) in the winter. Average temperature in the summer is 27 to 32 °C (81 to 90 °F), and in the winter it is 0 to −15 °C (32 to 5 °F). The average yearly rainfall is approximately 600 mm (24 in). A small, southern region of the country near Pà ...
See also:Hungary, Hungary - History, Hungary - Politics, Hungary - Administrative divisions, Hungary - Geography, Hungary - Climate, Hungary - Economy, Hungary - Demographics, Hungary - Culture, Hungary - Related articles, Hungary - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Climate |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Demographics
Circa 900 AD- according to various sources 250,000 - 400,000 Magyars settled in the Pannonian plain, inhabited predominantly by Slavs
1222 - 2,000,000 at the time of Golden Bull
1242 - 1,200,000 after the Mongol-Tatars invasion
1370 - 2,500,000 at the time of Angevin kings
1490 - 4,000,000 before the Ottoman conquest (3.2 million Magyars)
1699 - 3,300,000 at the time of Treaty of Karlowitz (less than 2 million Magyars)
1711 - 3,000,000 at the end of Kuruc War (1.6 million Ma ...
See also:Hungary, Hungary - History, Hungary - Politics, Hungary - Administrative divisions, Hungary - Geography, Hungary - Climate, Hungary - Economy, Hungary - Demographics, Hungary - Culture, Hungary - Related articles, Hungary - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Demographics |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Economy Main article: Economy of Hungary
Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth as one of the newest members of the European Union (since 2004). Together with Slovenia and the Czech Republic, Hungary provides one of the highest standard of living among Eastern European countries. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Hungary gets nearly one third of all foreign direct investment flowing in to Central Europe. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct ...
See also:Hungary, Hungary - History, Hungary - Politics, Hungary - Administrative divisions, Hungary - Geography, Hungary - Climate, Hungary - Economy, Hungary - Demographics, Hungary - Culture, Hungary - Related articles, Hungary - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Hungary - Economy |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - Hungarian Parliament Building - History Budapest was united from three cities in 1873 and seven years later the National Assembly resolved to establish a new, representative Parliament Building, expressing the sovereignty of the nation. A competition was published, which was won by Imre Steindl, but the plans of the other two competitors were also realized, facing the Parliament: one serves today as the Ethnographical Museum, the other as the Ministry of Agriculture.
The construction of the winner's plan was started in 1885, inaugurated in the millennium anniversary of the ...
See also:Hungarian Parliament Building, Hungarian Parliament Building - History, Hungarian Parliament Building - Features, Hungarian Parliament Building - Accessibility neighbourhood Read more here: » Hungarian Parliament Building: Encyclopedia II - Hungarian Parliament Building - History |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary The first free parliamentary election, held in May 1990, was a plebiscite of sorts on the communist past. The revitalized and reformed communists performed poorly despite having more than the usual advantages of an "incumbent" party. Populist, center-right, and liberal parties fared best, with the Democratic Forum (MDF) winning 43% of the vote and the Free Democrats (SZDSZ) capturing 24%. Under Prime Minister József Antall, the MDF formed a center-right coalition government with the Independent Smallholders' Party (FKGP) and the Christian D ...
See also:History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919 In 1918, as a result of defeat in World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy collapsed. On October 31, 1918, the success of the Aster Revolution in Budapest brought the liberal count Mihály Károlyi to power as Prime-Minister. The new government officially declared Hungary an independent republic in November, after the end of the war. On 22 November 1918 the Central Romanian Council of Romanians from Transylvania announced the Hungarian gouvernment that it had assumed control of Transylvania. On 1 December 1918 the gathering of Alba Iulia (Gyulafehérvá ...
See also:History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919 |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state The commonly accepted view of the origin of the Magyars (known as Hungarians in most western languages) is that they were a nomadic people, with indeterminate and disputed origin from the Eurasian plains until the end of the 9th century AD. They were a confederacy of seven Magyar and three allied Khabar tribes; the name Hungary / Hungarian is most probably derived from the Turkish term Onogur meaning 'Ten Arrows', signifying united military strength in nomadic symbolism. In 896 they settled temporarily around the upper Tisza river basin ...
See also:History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944 In January 1920, Hungarian men and women cast the first secret ballots in the country's political history. The votings were not totally free, because the entire left-wing either boycotted or was excluded from the voting. A large right-wing majority was elected to a unicameral assembly. In March, the parliament annulled the Compromise of 1867, and it restored the Hungarian monarchy but postponed electing a king until civil disorder had subsided. Instead, Miklos Horthy was elected regent and was empowered, among other things, to appoint Hungary's prime minister, veto legislation, con ...
See also:History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944 |
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| | | | | John Hunyadi: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956 The Soviet Army occupied Hungary from September 1944 until April 1945. It took almost 2 months to conquer Budapest and almost the whole city was destroyed.
By signing the Peace Treaty of Paris, Hungary again lost all the territories that it gained between 1938 and 1941. Neither Western Allies nor the Soviet Union supported any change in Hungary's pre-1938 borders.
The Soviet Union itself annexed Sub-Carpathia, which is now part of Ukraine.
The Treaty of Peace with Hungary signed on 10 February 1947 declared that "The dec ...
See also:History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956 |
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