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Japanese Braille | A Wisdom Archive on Japanese Braille | | Japanese Braille A selection of articles related to Japanese Braille | |
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Japanese Braille
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Japanese Braille | | | |  Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Japanese Braille - Unicode versionThe following charts use Braille Unicode to diplay the braille. If your browser cannot display the characters, see the graphic version section below.
Japanese Braille - Main chart.
Japanese Braille - Other symbols.
In kana, the voiced consonants g, z, d, b are derived from the voiceless consonants k, s, t, h by adding a diacritic called dakuten (ten ten) to the kana, as in ぎ gi. Similarly, p is derived from h by adding a small circle, ...
See also:Japanese Braille, Japanese Braille - Unicode version, Japanese Braille - Main chart, Japanese Braille - Other symbols, Japanese Braille - Punctuation, Japanese Braille - Graphic version, Japanese Braille - Main chart, Japanese Braille - Other symbols, Japanese Braille - Punctuation Read more here: » Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Japanese Braille - Unicode version |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Cantonese Braille - Braille Braille are coded by arranging 6 dots into 2 columns and 3 rows. Each dot is numbered from 1-6; the left column is 1, 2 and 3 from top to down and right 4, 5 and 6. If a dot is used, it would be punched on paper or raised on plate for blinds, or shaded black in visual representation. With the coming of the electronic age, Braille is extended to 8 dots by adding seventh and eighth dot at the bottom for mapping ASCII.
In Cantonese Braille, the two extra dots are ignored and not shown.
See B ...
See also:Cantonese Braille, Cantonese Braille - Braille, Cantonese Braille - Unicode rendering table, Cantonese Braille - Main Chart, Cantonese Braille - Chinese Punctuation, Cantonese Braille - Mixing with English text Read more here: » Cantonese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Cantonese Braille - Braille |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Cantonese Braille - Unicode rendering table
Cantonese Braille - Main Chart.
The following charts shows the meaning of each individual Cantonese Braille. From traditional Chinese phonetics, the pronunciation of a Chinese character can divided in three parts, namely, initial, final and tone. For example, the Chinese character pun4 (盤), with its initial p, final un and tone 4, is translated into Cantonese Braille ⠯⠮⠄. Usually, there is no space (⠀) between Chinese charcters until the end of a sentence.
For details about Cantonese phonetics, see Cantonese phonology.
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See also:Cantonese Braille, Cantonese Braille - Braille, Cantonese Braille - Unicode rendering table, Cantonese Braille - Main Chart, Cantonese Braille - Chinese Punctuation, Cantonese Braille - Mixing with English text Read more here: » Cantonese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Cantonese Braille - Unicode rendering table |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Segmental scripts A segmental script has graphemes which represent the phonemes (basic unit of sound) of a language.
Note that there need not be (and rarely is) a one-to-one correspondence between the graphemes of the script and the phonemes of a language. A phoneme may be represented only by some combination or string of graphemes, the same phoneme may be represented by more than one distinct grapheme, the same grapheme may stand for more than one phoneme, or some combination of all of the above.
Segmental scripts may be further divided according to the types of phonemes they typically record:See also: List of writing systems, List of writing systems - Pictographic/ideographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Logographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Consonant-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllable-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllabaries, List of writing systems - Part syllabic part alphabetic scripts, List of writing systems - Segmental scripts, List of writing systems - Abjads, List of writing systems - True alphabets, List of writing systems - Abugidas, List of writing systems - Undeciphered systems thought to be writing, List of writing systems - Undeciphered manuscripts Read more here: » List of writing systems: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Segmental scripts |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Syllabaries In a syllabary, graphemes represent syllables or moras. (Note that the 19th century term syllabics usually referred to abugidas rather than true syllabaries.)
Afaka — Ndyuka
Alaska script — Central Yup'ik
Cherokee — Cherokee
Cypriot — Mycenean Greek
Hiragana — Japanese
Japanese Sign Language syllabary — Japanese Sign Language
Katakana — Japanese
Kpelle — Kpelle
See also:List of writing systems, List of writing systems - Pictographic/ideographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Logographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Consonant-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllable-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllabaries, List of writing systems - Part syllabic part alphabetic scripts, List of writing systems - Segmental scripts, List of writing systems - Abjads, List of writing systems - True alphabets, List of writing systems - Abugidas, List of writing systems - Undeciphered systems thought to be writing, List of writing systems - Undeciphered manuscripts Read more here: » List of writing systems: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Syllabaries |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Braille - Braille for other scripts There are many extensions of Braille for additional letters with diacritics, such as ç, ô, é.
When braille is adapted to languages which do not use the Latin alphabet, the blocks are generally assigned to the new alphabet according to how it is transliterated into the Latin alphabet, and the alphabetic order of the national script (and therefore the natural order of Latin braille) is disregarded. Such is the case with Russian, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Chinese. In Greek, for example, gamma is written as Latin gSee also: Braille, Braille - The Braille alphabet, Braille - The Braille cell, Braille - Encoding, Braille - Writing braille, Braille - Letters and numbers, Braille - Other symbols, Braille - Unicode rendering table, Braille - Braille transcription, Braille - Braille for other scripts Read more here: » Braille: Encyclopedia II - Braille - Braille for other scripts |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - No kana - History Main article: hiragana, katakana
Like every other hiragana, the hiragana の developed from man'yōgana, kanji used for phonetic purposes, written in the highly cursive, flowing grass script style. In the picture on the right, the top shows the kanji 乃 written in the kaisho style, and the centre image is the same kanji written in the sōsho style. The bottom part is the kana for "no", a further abbreviation.
The highlighted segment of the man'yōgana in the picture on the right is the segment that w ...
See also:No kana, No kana - Character, No kana - Alternative forms, No kana - History, No kana - Usage Read more here: » No kana: Encyclopedia II - No kana - History |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Logographic writing systems In logographic writing systems, glyphs represents words or morphemes (meaningful components of words, as in mean-ing-ful), rather than phonetic elements.
Note that no logographic script is comprised solely of logograms. All contain graphemes which represent phonetic (sound-based) elements as well. These phonetic elements may be used on their own (to represent, for example, grammatical inflections or foreign words), or may serve as phonetic complements to a logogram (used to specify the sound of a logogram which might oth ...
See also:List of writing systems, List of writing systems - Pictographic/ideographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Logographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Consonant-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllable-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllabaries, List of writing systems - Part syllabic part alphabetic scripts, List of writing systems - Segmental scripts, List of writing systems - Abjads, List of writing systems - True alphabets, List of writing systems - Abugidas, List of writing systems - Undeciphered systems thought to be writing, List of writing systems - Undeciphered manuscripts Read more here: » List of writing systems: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Logographic writing systems |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - Braille - Braille transcription Although it is possible to transcribe braille by simply substituting the equivalent braille character for its printed equivalent, such a character-by-character transcription (known as Grade 1 Braille) is used only by beginners.
Braille characters are much larger than their printed equivalents, and the standard 11" by 11" (28 cm × 28 cm) page has room for only 25 lines of 40 characters. To reduce space and increase reading speed, virtually all braille books are transcribed in what is known as Grade 2 Braille, which uses ...
See also:Braille, Braille - The Braille alphabet, Braille - The Braille cell, Braille - Encoding, Braille - Writing braille, Braille - Letters and numbers, Braille - Other symbols, Braille - Unicode rendering table, Braille - Braille transcription, Braille - Braille for other scripts Read more here: » Braille: Encyclopedia II - Braille - Braille transcription |
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| | | | Japanese Braille: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Pictographic/ideographic writing systems Ideographic scripts (in which graphemes are ideograms representing concepts or ideas, rather than a specific word in a language), and pictographic scripts (in which the graphemes are iconic pictures) are not thought to be able to express all that can be communicated by language. That is, no full writing system can be completely pictographic or ideographic; it must be able to refer directly to a language in order to faithfully represent that language. Hieroglyphs were commonly thought to be ideographic before they w ...
See also:List of writing systems, List of writing systems - Pictographic/ideographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Logographic writing systems, List of writing systems - Consonant-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllable-based logographies, List of writing systems - Syllabaries, List of writing systems - Part syllabic part alphabetic scripts, List of writing systems - Segmental scripts, List of writing systems - Abjads, List of writing systems - True alphabets, List of writing systems - Abugidas, List of writing systems - Undeciphered systems thought to be writing, List of writing systems - Undeciphered manuscripts Read more here: » List of writing systems: Encyclopedia II - List of writing systems - Pictographic/ideographic writing systems |
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More material related to Japanese Braille can be found here:
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