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Japanese | A Wisdom Archive on Japanese | | Japanese A selection of articles related to Japanese | |
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japanese, Japanese
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Japanese | | | |  Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Romanization of Japanese - HistoryThe earliest Japanese romanization system was based on the Portuguese language and its alphabet. It was developed around 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Yajiro. Jesuit presses used the system in a series of printed Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese. The most useful of these books for the study of early modern Japanese pronunciation and early attempts at romanization was the Nippo jisho, a Japanese-Portuguese dictionary written in 1603. In general, the early Portugues ...
See also:Romanization of Japanese, Romanization of Japanese - History, Romanization of Japanese - Modern systems, Romanization of Japanese - Hepburn, Romanization of Japanese - Nihon-shiki, Romanization of Japanese - Kunrei-shiki, Romanization of Japanese - Other variants, Romanization of Japanese - JSL, Romanization of Japanese - Non-standard romanization, Romanization of Japanese - Long vowels, Romanization of Japanese - Archaic variants, Romanization of Japanese - Romanization of Japanese names, Romanization of Japanese - Example words written in each romanization system, Romanization of Japanese - Chart of romanizations, Romanization of Japanese - Alphabet letter names in Japanese, Romanization of Japanese - Kana without romanized forms Read more here: » Romanization of Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Romanization of Japanese - History |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese art - History of Japanese Art
Japanese art - Jomon art.
The first settlers of Japan, the Jōmon people (c 11000–c 300 BC), named for the cord markings that decorated the surfaces of their clay vessels, were nomadic hunter-gatherers who later practiced organized farming and built cities with population of hundreds if not thousands. They built simple houses of wood and thatch set into shallow earthen pits to provide warmth from the soil. They crafted lavishly decorated pottery storage vessels, clay figurines called dogu, and crystal jewels ...
See also:Japanese art, Japanese art - History of Japanese Art, Japanese art - Jomon art, Japanese art - Yayoi art, Japanese art - Kofun art, Japanese art - Asuka and Nara art, Japanese art - Heian art, Japanese art - Kamakura art, Japanese art - Muromachi art, Japanese art - Azuchi-Momoyama art, Japanese art - Art of the Edo period, Japanese art - Meiji Art, Japanese art - Postwar period, Japanese art - Modern Art in Japan, Japanese art - Performing arts, Japanese art - Aesthetic concepts, Japanese art - Artists, Japanese art - Art schools, Japanese art - Government art sponsorship, Japanese art - Private sponsorship and foundations, Japanese art - Notes Read more here: » Japanese art: Encyclopedia II - Japanese art - History of Japanese Art |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese language - Vocabulary The original language of Japan was the so-called yamato kotoba. In addition to this original language, Japanese also has a great number of words that were either borrowed from Chinese or constructed on Chinese patterns. These words entered the language from the fifth century onwards via contact with Chinese culture. Chinese based words comprise as much as seventy percent of the total vocabulary of the Japanese language and form as much as ...
See also:Japanese language, Japanese language - Classification, Japanese language - Geographic distribution, Japanese language - Official status, Japanese language - Dialects, Japanese language - Sounds, Japanese language - Grammar, Japanese language - Sentence structure, Japanese language - Inflection and conjugation, Japanese language - Politeness, Japanese language - Vocabulary, Japanese language - Writing system, Japanese language - Learning Japanese, Japanese language - Bibliography Read more here: » Japanese language: Encyclopedia II - Japanese language - Vocabulary |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese language - Grammar
Japanese language - Sentence structure.
The basic Japanese word order is Subject Object Verb. Subject and object are usually marked by particles which come after the word.
The basic sentence structure is topic-comment. For example, Kochira wa Tanaka san desu. Kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by the particle wa. The verb is desu ("is"). As a phrase, Tanaka san desu is the comment. This sentence loosely translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mr./ ...
See also:Japanese language, Japanese language - Classification, Japanese language - Geographic distribution, Japanese language - Official status, Japanese language - Dialects, Japanese language - Sounds, Japanese language - Grammar, Japanese language - Sentence structure, Japanese language - Inflection and conjugation, Japanese language - Politeness, Japanese language - Vocabulary, Japanese language - Writing system, Japanese language - Learning Japanese, Japanese language - Bibliography Read more here: » Japanese language: Encyclopedia II - Japanese language - Grammar |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese grammar - Notes ^ List of personal pronouns from sci.lang.japan FAQ.
^ Discussion of pronoun reference constraints by Bart Mathias on sci.lang.japan.
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See also:Japanese grammar, Japanese grammar - Textual classifications, Japanese grammar - Nouns and other deictics, Japanese grammar - Pronouns, Japanese grammar - Reflexive pronouns, Japanese grammar - Demonstratives, Japanese grammar - Conjugable words, Japanese grammar - Stem forms, Japanese grammar - Verbs, Japanese grammar - Adjectives, Japanese grammar - The copula だ da, Japanese grammar - Euphonic changes 音便 onbin, Japanese grammar - Other independent words, Japanese grammar - Adverbs, Japanese grammar - Conjunctions and interjections, Japanese grammar - Ancillary words, Japanese grammar - Particles, Japanese grammar - Auxiliary verbs, Japanese grammar - Notes, Japanese grammar - Bibliography Read more here: » Japanese grammar: Encyclopedia II - Japanese grammar - Notes |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - History In Japanese history, famous leaders were often buried in tombs. The oldest known burial chamber was that built between 230 BC and 220 BC in Sakurai, Nara prefecture, and called the Hokenoyama tomb. The tomb is 80 m long, and the chamber is 7 m long and 2.7 m wide, and contained a coffin 5 m long and 1 m wide. It is not known exactly who is buried there, but it is presumed to be a powerful local leader.
Around 300, the usage of burial mounds for important leaders became more frequent. Japan developed its unique keyhole shaped bu ...
See also:Japanese funeral, Japanese funeral - Modern funerals, Japanese funeral - After death, Japanese funeral - Wake, Japanese funeral - Funeral, Japanese funeral - Cremation, Japanese funeral - Graves, Japanese funeral - Memorial services, Japanese funeral - Japanese funeral industry, Japanese funeral - History, Japanese funeral - Death-related words in Japanese, Japanese funeral - Trivia Read more here: » Japanese funeral: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - History |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese American - History The history of Japanese Americans begins in the late nineteenth century when the first Japanese and Okinawan immigrants unload in Honolulu Harbor as indentured laborers of the many sugarcane and pineapple plantations. This event leads to several phases of Japanese American history: anti-alien period of the west coast in the early twentieth century, internment period during World War II, and finally political empowerment period of the late 1960s leading into the present day. Here are some key events for Japanese Americans:
186 ...
See also:Japanese American, Japanese American - Cultural Profile, Japanese American - Generations, Japanese American - Languages, Japanese American - Education, Japanese American - Economics, Japanese American - Religion, Japanese American - Celebrations, Japanese American - History, Japanese American - Immigration, Japanese American - Internment, Japanese American - Farming, Japanese American - Media Portrayal, Japanese American - Notable Japanese Americans Read more here: » Japanese American: Encyclopedia II - Japanese American - History |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese titles - Use Correct use of titles is considered very important in Japan. In most situations, omitting a title when calling someone, called yobisute (呼び捨て, yobisute?) (literally, "call and leave off [the title]") ...
See also:Japanese titles, Japanese titles - Use, Japanese titles - Common honorific titles, Japanese titles - San, Japanese titles - Kun, Japanese titles - Chan, Japanese titles - Senpai and kōhai, Japanese titles - Sensei, Japanese titles - Sama, Japanese titles - Shi, Japanese titles - Other titles, Japanese titles - Occupation-related titles, Japanese titles - Honorific job titles, Japanese titles - Titles for criminals and the accused, Japanese titles - Titles for companies, Japanese titles - Dono/tono, Japanese titles - Ue, Japanese titles - Iemoto, Japanese titles - Royal titles Read more here: » Japanese titles: Encyclopedia II - Japanese titles - Use |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Trivia Many companies have company graves in the largest graveyard in Japan, Okuno-In on Mount Koya, burial place of Kukai (774 - 835). These graves are for former company employees and their relatives, and often have a gravestone related to the company business. For example, the coffee company UCC has a gravestone in the shape of a coffee cup, and a metal rocket sits on top of the gravesite of an aeronautics company.
There are a number of cases where the ashes of deceased persons have been stolen from graves. The ashes of famous cart ...
See also:Japanese funeral, Japanese funeral - Modern funerals, Japanese funeral - After death, Japanese funeral - Wake, Japanese funeral - Funeral, Japanese funeral - Cremation, Japanese funeral - Graves, Japanese funeral - Memorial services, Japanese funeral - Japanese funeral industry, Japanese funeral - History, Japanese funeral - Death-related words in Japanese, Japanese funeral - Trivia Read more here: » Japanese funeral: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Trivia |
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| | | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Death-related words in Japanese Japanese has a large number of different words related to death. Not all of these are still commonly used in Japan.
jisatsu for suicide
Seppuku and hara-kiri for ritual suicide
inseki jisatsu, suicide due to feeling guilty - this is still common in Japan
junshi, following one's Lord into death
jumonji giri, a version of seppuku with a second and more painful vertical cut across the belly
shinju for double suicide, and also more recently ...
See also:Japanese funeral, Japanese funeral - Modern funerals, Japanese funeral - After death, Japanese funeral - Wake, Japanese funeral - Funeral, Japanese funeral - Cremation, Japanese funeral - Graves, Japanese funeral - Memorial services, Japanese funeral - Japanese funeral industry, Japanese funeral - History, Japanese funeral - Death-related words in Japanese, Japanese funeral - Trivia Read more here: » Japanese funeral: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Death-related words in Japanese |
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| | | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese American - History The history of Japanese Americans begins in the late nineteenth century when the first Japanese and Okinawan immigrants unload in Honolulu Harbor as indentured laborers of the many sugarcane and pineapple plantations. This event leads to several phases of Japanese American history: anti-alien period of the west coast in the early twentieth century, internment period during World War II, and finally political empowerment period of the late 1960s leading into the present day. Here are some key events for Japanese Americans:
186 ...
See also:Japanese American, Japanese American - Cultural Profile, Japanese American - Generations, Japanese American - Languages, Japanese American - Education, Japanese American - Economics, Japanese American - Religion, Japanese American - Celebrations, Japanese American - History, Japanese American - Immigration, Japanese American - Internment, Japanese American - Farming, Japanese American - Notable Japanese Americans Read more here: » Japanese American: Encyclopedia II - Japanese American - History |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese name - Japanese names in English As is the case for other transliterations, writing Japanese names in English poses several issues, mainly romanization and name order issues.
As this differs from the ordering used in many other parts of the world, some, particularly academics, adopt the convention of writing the family name in upper case when the name is romanized: for example, Takuya MURATA or MURATA Takuya. Artists whose works are distributed in English outside of Japan often opt for a Western ordering on the English editions of their works: e.g., Ryuichi Sakamoto ...
See also:Japanese name, Japanese name - Structure, Japanese name - Characters, Japanese name - Difficulty of reading names, Japanese name - Regulations, Japanese name - Customs, Japanese name - Titles, Japanese name - Nicknames, Japanese name - Names from other ethnic groups in Japan, Japanese name - Imperial names, Japanese name - Historical names, Japanese name - Professional names, Japanese name - Japanese names in English, Japanese name - Citations Read more here: » Japanese name: Encyclopedia II - Japanese name - Japanese names in English |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese yen - Value The relative value of the yen is determined in foreign exchange markets by the forces of supply and demand. The supply of the yen in the market is governed by the desire of yen holders to exchange their yen for other currencies to purchase goods, services, or assets. The demand for the yen is governed by the desire of foreigners to buy goods and services in Japan and by their interest in investing in Japan (buying yen-d ...
See also:Japanese yen, Japanese yen - The name, Japanese yen - History, Japanese yen - Denominations, Japanese yen - Coins, Japanese yen - Banknotes, Japanese yen - Value, Japanese yen - Exchange rates over time, Japanese yen - Reference Read more here: » Japanese yen: Encyclopedia II - Japanese yen - Value |
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| | | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese honorifics - Usage
Japanese honorifics - Business.
Honorifics are considered extremely important in a business setting. Training in honorifics usually does not take place at school or university, so company trainees are trained in correct use of honorifics to customers and superiors.
Keigo is used when attendants speak to a customer (even in the supermarket and on trains), in formal business meetings, by women in jidaigeki (in all situations) and by educated people in general.
Japanese ...
See also:Japanese honorifics, Japanese honorifics - Types of honorific, Japanese honorifics - Polite language, Japanese honorifics - Respectful language, Japanese honorifics - Humble language, Japanese honorifics - Respectful verbs, Japanese honorifics - Usage, Japanese honorifics - Business, Japanese honorifics - In groups and out groups, Japanese honorifics - Gender differences, Japanese honorifics - Grammatical overview, Japanese honorifics - Expressing politeness, Japanese honorifics - Expressing respect, Japanese honorifics - Combining respect and politeness, Japanese honorifics - Honorific titles, Japanese honorifics - Requests, Japanese honorifics - Honorific prefixes Read more here: » Japanese honorifics: Encyclopedia II - Japanese honorifics - Usage |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese Chin - Appearance Japanese Chins stand about 20 to 27 cm (8 to 11 in) in height at the withers and weigh 2 to 5 kg (4 to 11 lb). They have straight, silky, profuse long hair that is most often black and white or red and white, or less often black and white with tan points. They have feathered tails that curl up over their backs. Their faces have an "oriental" appearance, with a short, upturned muzzle and large, wide-set eyes that have white visible in the inner ...
See also:Japanese Chin, Japanese Chin - Appearance, Japanese Chin - Temperament, Japanese Chin - Health, Japanese Chin - Care, Japanese Chin - History Read more here: » Japanese Chin: Encyclopedia II - Japanese Chin - Appearance |
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| | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese people - Origins Archeological evidences show that Stone Age people lived in Japan between 33,000 and 21,000 years ago in the Paleolithic period. Japan was then connected to Asia by land bridges, and nomadic hunter-gatherers crossed over from the continent. They left flint tools, but no evidence of permanent settlements. The most accepted theory is that present-day Japanese are descended principally from both the Jomon, a paleo-Asiatic people, and the Yayoi, a neo-Asiatic people, with cultural influences from the Korean kingdoms of Gaya and Baekje, and also ...
See also:Japanese people, Japanese people - Origins, Japanese people - Jomon and Ainu People, Japanese people - Yayoi and Korean People, Japanese people - Modern Demography of Jomon and Yayoi, Japanese people - Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Japanese people - Japanese people abroad Read more here: » Japanese people: Encyclopedia II - Japanese people - Origins |
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| | | | | | Japanese: Encyclopedia II - Japanese art - Artists Traditionally, the artist was a vehicle for expression and was personally reticent, in keeping with the role of an artisan or entertainer of low social status. The calligrapher, a member of the Confucian literati class, or noble samurai class in Japan, had a higher status, while artists of great genius were often recognized in the Kamakura period by receiving a name from a feudal lord and thus rising socially. The performing arts, however, were generally held in less esteem, and the purported immorality of actresses of the early Kabuki theater caused the Tokugawa government to bar women from the stage; female roles in Kabuk ...
See also:Japanese art, Japanese art - History of Japanese Art, Japanese art - Jomon art, Japanese art - Yayoi art, Japanese art - Kofun art, Japanese art - Asuka and Nara art, Japanese art - Heian art, Japanese art - Kamakura art, Japanese art - Muromachi art, Japanese art - Azuchi-Momoyama art, Japanese art - Art of the Edo period, Japanese art - Meiji Art, Japanese art - Postwar period, Japanese art - Modern Art in Japan, Japanese art - Performing arts, Japanese art - Aesthetic concepts, Japanese art - Artists, Japanese art - Art schools, Japanese art - Government art sponsorship, Japanese art - Private sponsorship and foundations, Japanese art - Notes Read more here: » Japanese art: Encyclopedia II - Japanese art - Artists |
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