Jacob Frank - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Jacob Frank: Encyclopedia Ii - Jacob Frank - Historical Background
The spread of Frank's messianic movement (1760-1770) occurred in the period following the killing of the Jews in the days of Bohdan Chmie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah
Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - In Salonica
With this document, which he appears to have accepted as an actual revelation, Sabbatai determined to choose Salonica, at that time a cen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Jewish History: Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Jewish History
This entry contains a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. Note that all dates are given according to the Common...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia - Messiah
In Judaism, the Messiah (מָשִׁיחַ "anointed one", Standard Hebrew Mašíaḥ, Tiberian Hebrew Māšîªḥ Arabic المسيح;) ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israel Ben Eliezer: Encyclopedia - Israel Ben Eliezer
Rabbi Israel (Yisroel) ben Eliezer (רבי ישראל בן אליעזר, about 1698 Okopy Świętej Trójcy – May 22, 1760 Międzyborz)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism
Anti-Semitism (alternatively spelled antisemitism) is hostility toward or prejudice against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Zevi's Early Years
In accordance with the prevailing custom of Jews, Sabbatai's father had him study Talmud. In his early youth he attended a yeshiva under ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crypto-judaism: Encyclopedia - Crypto-judaism
Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; people who practice crypto-Judaism ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Donmeh: Encyclopedia - Donmeh
Donmeh (dönme) is a Turkish word for a religious convert. It refers to a group of Jews of the Near East who followed Sabbatai Zevi (also...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chernivtsi: Encyclopedia - Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi (Ukrainian: Чернівці; Romanian: Cernăuţi; German: Czernowitz or Tschernowitz; Polish: Czerniowce; Hungarian: Csernov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christo-islamic: Encyclopedia - Christo-islamic
Christo-Islamic is a term of comparative religion to connect fundamental ideas in Christianity with similar ones in Islam. Islam, which a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hasidic Judaism: Encyclopedia - Hasidic Judaism
Hasidic Judaism (from the Hebrew: Chasidut חסידות, meaning "pious", from the Hebrew root word chesed חסד meaning "loving kindnes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Spread Of His Influence
The adherents of Sabbatai, probably with his consent, even planned to abolish to a great extent the ritualistic observances because, acco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Proclaimed Messiah
The joy of his followers knew no bounds. Sabbatai, assisted by his wife, now became the sole ruler of the community. In this capacity he ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Claims Of Messiahship
Apart from this general Messianic theory, there was another computation, based on a presumably interpolated passage in the Zohar (a famou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Influence Of English Millenarianism
During the first half of the 17th century, millenarian ideas of the approach of the Messianic time, and more especially of the redemption...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - In Constantinople
At the beginning of the year 1666, Sabbatai again left Smyrna for Constantinople, either because he was compelled to do so by the city au...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Nathan Of Ghaza
Having Halabi's money, a charming wife, and many additional followers, Sabbatai triumphantly returned to Palestine. Passing through the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Modern Followers
Although rather little is known about them, various groups called Donmeh (Turkish for “apostate”) continue to follow Sabbatai Zevi to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syncretism: Encyclopedia - Syncretism
Syncretism is the attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is espec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - Disillusion
Sabbatai's conversion was extremely disheartening for the Jewish communities. Prominent rabbis who were believers in and followers of Sab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sabbatai Zevi: Encyclopedia Ii - Sabbatai Zevi - At Abydos Migdal Oz
After two months' imprisonment in Constantinople, Sabbatai was brought to the state prison in the castle of Abydos. Here he was treated v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Messiah - Other Historically Significant Jewish Messiah Claimants
Messiah - Josephus's report of civil unrest in the first century. It had been thought that Josephus asserts that Jesus was indeed the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Poles: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Poles - Science
List of Poles - Astronomy. Franciszek Armiński. Albert Brudzewski. Tadeusz Banachiewicz. Władysław Dziewulski. Felicjan Kępiński....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schisms Among The Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Schisms Among The Jews - Hasidim And Mitnagdim
The arrival of Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (1698-1760), known as the Baal Shem Tov ("Master [of the] Good Name"), on the scene of Jewish his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Donmeh: Encyclopedia Ii - Donmeh - History
While outwardly Muslim, the Donmeh secretly remained Jews, and continued to practice Jewish rituals covertly. They worshipped Sabbatai Ze...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hasidic Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Hasidic Judaism - Religious Practice And Culture
Hasidic Judaism - Fundamental conceptions. The teachings of Hasidism are founded on two theoretical conceptions: (1) religious panenthe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christo-islamic: Encyclopedia Ii - Christo-islamic - Beliefs
Although Islam recognizes Jesus as a prophet, it breaks with the belief of Christ as the son of God. Muslims do not believe that Christ w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Szlachta: Encyclopedia Ii - Szlachta - History
Szlachta - Etymology. The Polish word "szlachta" (meaning the "gentle class" or "noble class", an untranslatable term essentially encom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israel Ben Eliezer: Encyclopedia Ii - Israel Ben Eliezer - Elements Of Besht's Doctrines
The foundation-stone of Hasidism as laid by Besht is a strongly marked panentheistic conception of God. He declared the whole universe, m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syncretism: Encyclopedia Ii - Syncretism - Social And Political Roles
Overt syncretism in folk belief is a sign of cultural acceptance of an alien or previous tradition, but the "other" cult may survive or i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Teachings
Rebbe Nachman was born in Mezhibuz, Ukraine, and in his short life achieved much acclaim as a teacher and spiritual leader. He was an ext...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Origin Of Jewish Mysticism
According to adherents of Kabbalah, the origin of Kabbalah begins with the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). When read by a Kabbalist, the Torah...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crypto-judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Crypto-judaism - Europe
The many Marranos (in the Balearic Islands, Chuetas), who publicly professed Catholicism but privately adhered to Judaism during the Span...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mitnagdim: Encyclopedia Ii - Mitnagdim - Origins
The rapid spread of Hasidic Judaism in the second half of the eighteenth century greatly troubled many traditional Jewish rabbis; many sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Polish Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Polish Jews - Historical Figures
List of Polish Jews - Politicians. Menachem Begin (1913-1992), Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973), Israeli prime mini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Louis Brandeis: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Brandeis - Supreme Court Justice
Overcoming significant opposition to his appointment (notably from ex-President and future Chief Justice William Howard Taft), Brandeis b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Religious Antisemitism
Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism in the New Testament. Christian theology rooted in Roman Catholic theology was stimulated by the tradition...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Religious Antisemitism
Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism in the New Testament. The New Testament is a collection of 'books' written by various authors. Most of thi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Jewish History - Post Biblical-history
Timeline of Jewish history - 200 BCE to 700 CE. 200 BCE–100 CE Throughout this era the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) is gradually canonized. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Jewish History - Post Biblical-history
Timeline of Jewish history - 200 BCE to 700 CE. 200 BCE–100 CE Throughout this era the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) is gradually canonized. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Polish Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Polish Jews - Historical Figures
List of Polish Jews - Politicians. Menachem Begin (1913-1992), Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973), Israeli prime mini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chernivtsi: Encyclopedia Ii - Chernivtsi - History
Archeological data prove that the Chernivtsi area was populated from neolithic times. Settlements of Trypillian culture and artifacts fro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Poles: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Poles - Sports
See list of Polish sports players Bronko Nagurski, american football player (Born in Canada of Polish parents) Michael Klim, australian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Was Nachman Actually A Sabbatean?
Some academic scholars of Hasidic Judaism hold that some of the charges made against Nachman were true. He is considered to have been inf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Did He Believe He Was The Messiah?
Nachman of Breslov - View within Breslov. This is a difficult question to answer. He definitely believed in the concept of the Tzaddik ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Controversy Over His Beliefs
He moved to Medvedevka, Ukraine and began preaching there, and in 1800 he moved to Zlatopol (near Shpola), Kiev. Unfortunately, a serious...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - His Following
Rebbe Nachman developed a following during his lifetime that has continued in the two centuries since his death. His followers today are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Works Published After His Death
Nachman's doctrines were published and disseminated in books and pamphlets mainly after his death, by his closest disciple, Reb Noson. Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Biography
Nachman was born in the town of Mezhibuzh on the first day of the Hebrew month of Nissan, 1772. On the side of his mother, Feiga, he was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Poles: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Poles - Legendary Persons
List of Poles - Fictional characters. Konrad Wallenrod William Joseph Blazkowicz of Wolfenstein 3d Stanley Kowalski Cliff Yablonski ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schisms Among The Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Schisms Among The Jews - Break-offs: Samaritans And Christians
One small sect of Samaritans is still extant; however, their religion is not the same as rabbinic Judaism. The Samaritan faith and that o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crypto-judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Crypto-judaism - Central South America And Caribbean
As in the American Southwest, in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, many families also hold traditions, handed down memories and oral...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism And The Muslim World
Anti-Semitism within Islam is discussed in the article on Islam and anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism in the Arab World is discussed in the ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Etymology And Usage
The word antisemitic (antisemitisch in German) was probably first used in 1860 by the Jewish scholar Moritz Steinschneider in the phrase...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism In The 21st Century
According to the 2005 U.S. State Department Report on Global Anti-Semitism, anti-Semitism in Europe has increased significantly in recent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Polish Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Polish Jews - Academics
List of Polish Jews - Math & Computer scientists. Herman Auerbach, mathematician (Jewish father) Paul Baran, engineer: packet swit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Polish Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Polish Jews - Cultural Figures
List of Polish Jews - Artists. Mordecai Ardon, artist Balthus, painter (Jewish mother) Chim, photographer Maurycy Gottlieb, painter Ta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Louis Brandeis: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Brandeis - Zionist Leader
Brandeis also became the most prominent American Zionist. Zionism was the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Not raise...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Louis Brandeis: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Brandeis - The Brandeis Brief
In the 1908 case Muller v. Oregon, Brandeis, acting as a litigator, collected empirical data from hundreds of sources. In what became kno...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Polish Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Polish Jews - Sport Figures
List of Polish Jews - Chess players. David Janowski Miguel Najdorf Akiba Rubinstein Samuel Reshevsky Savielly Tartakower Daniel Yanofs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Polish Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Polish Jews - Writers And Poets
List of Polish Jews - Polish-language. Kazimierz Brandys, writer Jan Brzechwa, poet Konstanty Gebert, writer, activist Henryk Grynberg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism And Anti-zionism
Anti-Zionism is a term that has been used to describe several very different political and religious points of view (both historically an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism And Specific Countries
Anti-Semitism - United States. Main article: History of the Jews in the United States Jews were often condemned by populist politicia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schisms Among The Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Schisms Among The Jews - Karaite Judaism
Karaite Judaism is a Jewish denomination characterized by reliance on the Tanakh as the sole scripture and rejection of the Oral Law (the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Szlachta: Encyclopedia Ii - Szlachta - Szlachta Culture
The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Messiah - In Islam
In the Qur'an, the scripture of Islam, Isa (Jesus) is described as a Prophet of God as well as "The messiah". The belief is that he was r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Messiah - In The New Testament
Christianity emerged from Judaism in the first century of the Common Era. The first Christians were Jews. Within the Jewish tradition the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schisms Among The Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Schisms Among The Jews - Sabbatians And Frankists
In 1648 Shabtai Tzvi declared himself to be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah whilst living in the Ottoman Empire. Vast numbers of Jews bel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Schisms Among The Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Schisms Among The Jews - Orthodox Versus Reform East Versus West
From the time of the French Revolution of 1789, and the growth of Liberalism, added to the political and personal freedoms granted by Nap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism And The Muslim World
Anti-Semitism within Islam is discussed in the article on Islam and anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism in the Arab World is discussed in the ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Racial Anti-semitism
Racial anti-Semitism replaced the hatred of Judaism with the hatred of Jews as a group. In the context of the Industrial Revolution, foll...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Etymology And Usage
The word antisemitic (antisemitisch in German) was probably first used in 1860 by the Jewish scholar Moritz Steinschneider in the phrase ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Works Published After His Death
Nachman's doctrines were published and disseminated in books and pamphlets mainly after his death, by his disciple Nathan ben Naphtali St...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Messiah - In The Hebrew Bible
The concept of the messiah is prominent in many books in the Hebrew Bible. In the Hebrew Bible, Israelite priests, prophets, and kings we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Textual Antiquity Of Esoteric Mysticism
Early forms of esoteric mysticism existed over 2,000 years ago. Ben Sira warns against it, saying: "You shall have no business with secre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Gnosticism And Kabbalah
Gnostic literature testifies to the antiquity of the Kabbalah. Gnosticism - systems of secret spiritual knowledge, or some sources say - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Practical Applications
The Midrash and Talmud are replete with the use of Divine names and incantations that are claimed to effect supernatural or metaphysical ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Foretelling The Future
A small number of Kabbalists have attempted to foretell events by the Kabbalah. The term has come to be used to refer to secret science i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalistic Understanding Of God
Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) teaches that God is neither matter nor spirit. Rather God is the creator of both, but is himself neither. But...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Human Soul In Kabbalah
The Zohar posits that the human soul has three elements, the nefesh, ru'ach, and neshamah. The nefesh is found in all humans, and enters ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Criticisms
Kabbalah - Dualism. One of the most serious and sustained criticisms of Kabbalah is that it may lead away from monotheism, and instead ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Debate About Kabbalah In Judaism
Although it was criticized by a small number of rabbis, Kabbalah has nevertheless been a fundamental part of most Jewish theology for man...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crypto-judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Crypto-judaism - Central South America And Caribbean
As in the American Southwest, in the department of Antioquia, Colombia, many families also hold traditions, handed down memories and oral...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Kabbalah In Non-jewish Society
Kabbalah eventually gained an audience outside of the Jewish community. Nominal-Christian versions of Kabbalah began to develop; by the e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - The Failure Of Sabbatian Mysticism
The spiritual and mystical yearnings of many Jews remained frustrated after the death of Rabbi Isaac Luria and his disciples and colleagu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kabbalah: Encyclopedia Ii - Kabbalah - Mystic Doctrines In Talmudic Times
In Talmudic times the terms Ma'aseh Bereshit ("Works of Creation") and Ma'aseh Merkabah ("Works of the Divine Throne/Chariot") clearly in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Jewish History - 1946 To Today
1945–1948 Post-Holocaust refugee crisis. British detain many Jews making aliyah to Palestine in detention camps. 1946–1948 The strugg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syncretism: Encyclopedia Ii - Syncretism - Origin Of The Word
The word Syncretism is first attested in English in 1618 and is derived from modern Latin syncretismus, drawing on Greek συγκρητι...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Messiah: Encyclopedia Ii - Messiah - Other Messiahs
In Stregheria, Jesus Christ is believed to have been a sort of "evil messiah" or false messiah, while Aradia de Toscano is seen as the tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Etymology And Usage
The word antisemitic (antisemitisch in German) was probably first used in 1860 by the Jewish scholar Moritz Steinschneider in the phrase ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syncretism: Encyclopedia Ii - Syncretism - Syncretism In Ancient Greece
Syncretism was an essential feature of Greek paganism. Hellenistic culture in the age that followed Alexander the Great was itself syncre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Earliest Antisemitism
The earliest occurrence of antisemitism has received much investigation. Peter Schafer has argued that antisemitism was first spread by "...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Racial Anti-semitism
Racial anti-Semitism replaced the hatred of Judaism with the hatred of Jews as a group. In the context of the Industrial Revolution, foll...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism In The 21st Century
According to the 2005 U.S. State Department Report on Global Anti-Semitism, anti-Semitism in Europe has increased significantly in recent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Crypto-judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Crypto-judaism - North America
In the once Spanish-held Southwestern United States, many Hispanic Catholics have stated a belief that they are descended from crypto-Jew...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism And Anti-zionism
Anti-Zionism is a term that has been used to describe several very different political and religious points of view (both historically an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism And Specific Countries
Anti-Semitism - United States. Jews were often condemned by populist politicians alternately for their left-wing politics, or their per...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-semitism - Anti-semitism And The Muslim World
Anti-Semitism within Islam is discussed in the article on Islam and anti-Semitism. Anti-Semitism in the Arab World is discussed in the ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israel Ben Eliezer: Encyclopedia Ii - Israel Ben Eliezer - Early Life And Marriage
His benefactors gave up the hope of his ever becoming a rabbi, and made him a "helper", who took the children to and from school and rehe...   » Read the article