Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath. Main articles: Austro-Sardinian War, and [[]], and [[]], and ...

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Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

Read more here: » Italian unification: Encyclopedia II - Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State

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Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

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The establishment of the Italian Republic and later of the Kingdom of Italy, ruled by Napoleon, began to spur nationalism in those who lived in the regions. As Napoleon's reign began to fail, other national monarchs he had installed tried to keep their thrones by feeding those nationalistic sentiments, setting the stage for the revolutions to come. Among these monarchs were the viceroy of Italy, Eugène de Beauharnais, who tried to get Austrian approval for his succession to the Kingdom of Italy, and Joachim Murat, who called for Italian patriots' help for the unification of Ital ...

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Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

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Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath. Although Charles Albert had been crushingly defeated in his bid to drive the Austrians from Italy, the Piedmontese did not abandon all hope of aggrandizement. Camillo di Cavour, who became prime minister in 1852, also had expansionist ambitions. But he saw that Piedmont would not be able to "do it herself." Instead, he ho ...

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Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

Read more here: » Italian unification: Encyclopedia II - Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State

The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his (unique and more essential) ecclestiastical primacy. The plural is u ...

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Papal States - Origins Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire Papal States - The Renaissance Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States Papal States - Institutions

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The Austro-Prussian War (also called the Seven Weeks' War or the German Civil War) was a war fought between the Austrian Empire and Prussia in 1866 that resulted in Prussian dominance in Germany. In Germany and Austria it is called Deutscher Krieg (German war) or Bruderkrieg (war of brothers). In the Italian unification process, this is the Third Independence War. Austro-Prussian War - Causes. For centuries, the Holy Roman Emperors which mostly came from the Habsburg famil ...

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Austro-Prussian War - Causes Austro-Prussian War - Alliances Austro-Prussian War - Course of the War Austro-Prussian War - Aftermath

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Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and Kingdom of Sardinia against Austria in 1859. In respect to Italian unification process, this war is also known as the Second Independence War. Austro-Sardinian War - The War. Austro-Sardinian War - Background. The Sardinian army, allied to France, wanted to conquer the northern Italy Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, then under Austrian rule. In 1859, emperor Napoleon III and Camillo Benso di Cavour, the prim ...

Including:

Austro-Sardinian War - The War
Austro-Sardinian War - Background Austro-Sardinian War - Forces Austro-Sardinian War - The operations Austro-Sardinian War - The Peace
Austro-Sardinian War - Timeline

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The Roman Catholic Church spent its first three centuries as an outlawed organization and was thus unable to hold or transfer property. After the ban was lifted by the Emperor Constantine I, the church's private property grew quickly through the donations of the pious and the wealthy; the Lateran Palace was the first significant donation, a gift of Constantine himself. Other donations soon followed, mainly in mainland Italy but also in the provinces. However, the Church held all of these lands as a private landowner, not as a sovereign entit ...

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Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

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At the beginning of the 16th century the states of Italian peninsula began to suffer the effects of an economic crisis due to the move of the main trade routes from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Since Italy was not unified politically, most of the small and weak Italian states were defeated by foreign powers (mainly Spain); some of them (e.g. Milan and Naples) were annexed, others (e.g. Venice and Florence) were r ...

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History of Italy during foreign domination and the unification, History of Italy during foreign domination and the unification - Foreign domination 16th-18th centuries, History of Italy during foreign domination and the unification - The Italian unification 1796-1861

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When the Exarchate finally fell to the Lombards in 751, the Duchy of Rome was completely cut off from the Byzantine Empire, of which it was theoretically still a part. Pope Stephen III acted to neutralize the Lombard threat by courting the de facto Frankish ruler, Pippin the Younger. Stephen gave church sanction to Pippin's desire to depose the Merovingian figurehead Childeric III and take the throne himself; he also granted Pippin the title Patrician of the Romans. In return, Pippin led a Frankish army into Italy in 754 and 756. Pipp ...

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Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

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Education in Italy - From Italian Unification to the Gentile Act. In Italy, a state-wide Education System has existed since 1859, when the Legge Casati (Casati Act) made the responsible for the forthcoming Italian state (Italian unification happened in 1861) with the construction of state-funded boarding schools to be funded where existing provision was inadequate (notably in the south of Italy). Public school was meant to be free of charge and compulsory, but until 1877, illiteracy rates in I ...

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Education in Italy, Education in Italy - History, Education in Italy - From Italian Unification to the Gentile Act, Education in Italy - From the Gentile Act to the present day, Education in Italy - Present Situation, Education in Italy - Costs, Education in Italy - School Years

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During the Renaissance, the papal territory expanded greatly, notably under Pope Alexander VI and Pope Julius II. The Pope became one of Italy's most important secular rulers as well as the head of the Church, signing treaties with other sovereigns and fighting wars. In practice, though, most of the Papal States was still only nominally controlled by the Pope, and much of the territory was ruled by minor princes. Control was always contested; indeed it took until the 16th century for the Pope to ha ...

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Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

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The French Revolution proved as disastrous for the temporal territories of the Papacy as it was for the Catholic Church in general. In 1791 the Comtat Venaissin and Avignon were annexed by France. Later, with the French invasion of Italy in 1796, the Legations were seized and became part of the Cisalpine Republic. Two years later, the Papal States as a whole were invaded by French forces, who declared a Roman Republic. Pope Pius VI died in exile in France in 1799. The Papal States were restored in June of 1800, and Pope Pius VII returned, bu ...

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Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

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Italian nationalism had been stoked during the Napoleonic period but dashed by the settlement of the Congress of Vienna, which left Italy divided and largely under Austrian domination. In 1848, nationalist and liberal revolutions began to break out across Europe; in 1849, a Roman Republic was declared and the pope fled the city. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, recently elected president of the newly declared French Second Republic, saw an opportunity to assuage conservative Catholic opinion in France, and in cooperation with Austria sent troops to ...

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Papal States, Papal States - Origins, Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire, Papal States - The Renaissance, Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States, Papal States - Institutions

Read more here: » Papal States: Encyclopedia II - Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States

Italy became a nation-state belatedly — on March 17, 1861, when most of the states of the peninsula were united under king Victor Emmanuel II of the Savoy dynasty, which ruled over Piedmont. The architects of Italian unification were Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel, and Giuseppe Garibaldi, a general and national hero. Rome itself remained for a decade under the Papacy, and became part of the Kingdom of Italy only on September 20, 1870, the final date of Italian unification. The Vatican is now an ind ...

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History of Italy, History of Italy - Origins of the name, History of Italy - The birth of Italy

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History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and See also:

History of Rome, History of Rome - Ancient Rome, History of Rome - Origins, History of Rome - Early peoples of Italy, History of Rome - Etruscan dominance, History of Rome - Roman Republic, History of Rome - Roman Empire, History of Rome - Medieval Rome, History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule, History of Rome - Holy Roman Empire, History of Rome - Roman Commune, History of Rome - Boniface VIII and the Babylonian captivity, History of Rome - Cola di Rienzo and the Pope's return to Rome, History of Rome - Modern Rome, History of Rome - Renaissance Rome, History of Rome - Sack of Rome and Counter-Reformation, History of Rome - Italian unification, History of Rome - Current state

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History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule. In 476, the last Western Roman emperor Romulus Augustus, a puppet (like almost all emperors of this period) in the hands of a general, his father Orestes, was deposed by a riot of barbarian troops led by Odoacer and exiled to Naples. The fall of the Western Roman Empire had little impact on Rome. Odoacer and later the Ostrogoths continued, like the last emperors, to rule Italy from Ravenna. Meanwhile, the Senate, even though long since stripped of wider powers, cont ...

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History of Rome, History of Rome - Ancient Rome, History of Rome - Origins, History of Rome - Early peoples of Italy, History of Rome - Etruscan dominance, History of Rome - Roman Republic, History of Rome - Roman Empire, History of Rome - Medieval Rome, History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule, History of Rome - Holy Roman Empire, History of Rome - Roman Commune, History of Rome - Boniface VIII and the Babylonian captivity, History of Rome - Cola di Rienzo and the Pope's return to Rome, History of Rome - Modern Rome, History of Rome - Renaissance Rome, History of Rome - Sack of Rome and Counter-Reformation, History of Rome - Italian unification, History of Rome - Current state

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Modern Italy became a nation-state during the Risorgimento on March 17, 1861 when most of the states of the peninsula and Kingdom the Two Sicilies were united under king Victor Emmanuel II of the Savoy dynasty, hitherto king of Sardinia, a realm that included Piedmont. The architect of Italian unification was Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel. Rome itself remained for a decade under th ...

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History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italian Unification 1861-1870, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - From the unification to the First World War 1870-1914, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - The First World War 1914-1918, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - The Fascist regime 1922-1939, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italian occupation of Albania April 1939, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italy and the Second World War 1940-1945

Read more here: » History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars: Encyclopedia II - History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italian Unification 1861-1870

Modern Italy became a nation-state during the Risorgimento on March 17, 1861 when most of the states of the peninsula and Kingdom the Two Sicilies were united under king Victor Emmanuel II of the Savoy dynasty, hitherto king of Sardinia, a realm that included Piedmont. The architect of Italian unification was Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel. Rome itself remained for a decade under th ...

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History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italian Unification 1861-1870, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - From the unification to the First World War 1870-1914, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - The First World War 1914-1918, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - The Fascist regime 1922-1939, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italian occupation of Albania March 1939, History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italy and the Second World War 1940-1945

Read more here: » History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars: Encyclopedia II - History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars - Italian Unification 1861-1870

In the 1840s, the popularity of Verdi's music coincided with the Risorgimento, the campaign for a unified Italian nation. The wild success of Nabucco in particular put Verdi's name and music in the minds of many Italians at the time. They perceived in Verdi's works a sadness that reflected their own unhappiness with the status quo, and a vibrant strain conjuring romantic visions of Italian unification. Verdi's songs ...

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Giuseppe Verdi, Giuseppe Verdi - Biography, Giuseppe Verdi - Early life, Giuseppe Verdi - Initial Recognition, Giuseppe Verdi - Great Master, Giuseppe Verdi - Twilight, Giuseppe Verdi - Verdi's role in the Risorgimento, Giuseppe Verdi - Style, Giuseppe Verdi - Eponyms, Giuseppe Verdi - Media

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