ISO/IEC 646

ISO/IEC 646 and its predecessor ASCII, ANS X3.4, largely endorses existing practice regarding character encodings in the telecommunications industry's network. During the 1960s, there was debate regarding whether character encoding standards (at either the national or international levels) for computers should follow 1) existing practice in the telecommunications industry (which was largely paper-tape based, but which was commonly transmitted on-line digitally over wires) or, conversely, 2) existing practice in the punched-card portio ...

See also:

ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 646 - History, ISO/IEC 646 - National variants, ISO/IEC 646 - Variants of ASCII that are not ISO 646

Read more here: » ISO/IEC 646: Encyclopedia II - ISO/IEC 646 - History

Many languages or language families not based on the Latin alphabet such as Greek, Russian, Arabic, or Hebrew have historically been represented on computers with 8-bit extended ASCII encodings including the ISO 8859 family of character sets. Written East Asian languages, specifically Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, use far more characters than can be represented in an 8-bit computer byte and were first represented on computers with language-specific double byte encodings. ISO 2022 was developed as a technique to attack both of these problems: to represent characters in multiple character sets within a single character enc ...

See also:

ISO/IEC 2022, ISO/IEC 2022 - Introduction, ISO/IEC 2022 - ISO 2022 Character Sets

Read more here: » ISO/IEC 2022: Encyclopedia II - ISO/IEC 2022 - Introduction

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), generally pronounced [ˈæski], is a character encoding based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that work with text. Most modern character encodings have a historical basis in ASCII. ASCII was first published as a standard in 1967 and was last updated in 1986. It currently defines codes for 33 non-pr ...

Including:

• ASCII - Overview
• ASCII - History
• ASCII - ASCII control characters
• ASCII - ASCII printable characters
• ASCII - Structural features
• ASCII - Aliases for ASCII
• ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia - ASCII

ASCII reserves the first 32 codes (numbers 0–31 decimal) for control characters: codes originally intended not to carry printable information, but rather to control devices (such as printers) that make use of ASCII. For example, character 10 represents the "line feed" function (which causes a printer to advance its paper), and character 27 represents the "escape" key often found in the top left corner of common keyboards. Code 127 (all seven bits on), another special character, equates to "delete" or "rubout". Though its function re ...

See also:

ASCII, ASCII - Overview, ASCII - History, ASCII - ASCII control characters, ASCII - ASCII printable characters, ASCII - Structural features, ASCII - Aliases for ASCII, ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia II - ASCII - ASCII control characters

Like other character representation computer codes, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and the symbols/glyphs of a written language, thus allowing digital devices to communicate with each other and to process, store, and communicate character-oriented information. The ASCII character encoding[1] — or a compatible extension (see below) — is used on nearly all common computers, especially personal computers and workst ...

See also:

ASCII, ASCII - Overview, ASCII - History, ASCII - ASCII control characters, ASCII - ASCII printable characters, ASCII - Structural features, ASCII - Aliases for ASCII, ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia II - ASCII - Overview

As computer technology spread throughout the world, different standards bodies and corporations developed many variations of ASCII in order to facilitate the expression of non-English languages that used Roman-based alphabets. One could class some of these variations as "ASCII extensions", although some mis-apply that term to cover all variants, including those that do not preserve ASCII's character-map in the 7-bit range. ISO 646 (1972), the first attempt to remedy the pro-English-language bias, created compatibility problems, since ...

See also:

ASCII, ASCII - Overview, ASCII - History, ASCII - ASCII control characters, ASCII - ASCII printable characters, ASCII - Structural features, ASCII - Aliases for ASCII, ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia II - ASCII - Variants of ASCII

RFC 1345 (published in June 1992) and the IANA registry of character sets (ongoing), both recognize the following case-insensitive aliases for ASCII as suitable for use on the Internet: ANSI_X3.4-1968 (canonical name) ANSI_X3.4-1986 ASCII US-ASCII (preferred MIME name) us ISO646-US ISO_646.irv:1991 iso-ir-6 IBM367 cp367 csASCII Of these, only the aliases "US-ASCII" and "ASCII" have achieved widespread use. One often finds them ...

See also:

ASCII, ASCII - Overview, ASCII - History, ASCII - ASCII control characters, ASCII - ASCII printable characters, ASCII - Structural features, ASCII - Aliases for ASCII, ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia II - ASCII - Aliases for ASCII

ASCII developed from telegraphic codes and first entered commercial use as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. The Bell System had previously planned to use a six-bit code, derived from Fieldata, that added punctuation and lower-case letters to the earlier five-bit Baudot teleprinter code, but was persuaded instead to join the ASA subcommittee that had started to develop ASCII. Baudot helped in the automation of sending and receiving telegraphic messages, and took many features from Morse code; however, unlike Morse ...

See also:

ASCII, ASCII - Overview, ASCII - History, ASCII - ASCII control characters, ASCII - ASCII printable characters, ASCII - Structural features, ASCII - Aliases for ASCII, ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia II - ASCII - History

Code 32, the "space" character, denotes the space between words, as produced by the large space-bar of a keyboard. Codes 33 to 126, known as the printable characters, represent letters, digits, punctuation marks, and a few miscellaneous symbols. Seven-bit ASCII provided seven "national" characters and, if the combined hardware and software permit, can use overstrikes to simulate some additional international characters: in such a scenario a backspace can precede a grave accent (which the American and British standards, but only those standards, also call "opening single quotati ...

See also:

ASCII, ASCII - Overview, ASCII - History, ASCII - ASCII control characters, ASCII - ASCII printable characters, ASCII - Structural features, ASCII - Aliases for ASCII, ASCII - Variants of ASCII

Read more here: » ASCII: Encyclopedia II - ASCII - ASCII printable characters

Some national variants of ISO 646 are: The specifics of the changes for some of these variants are given in this table: Later, when 8 bit character sets gained more acceptance, ISO 8859-1, ISO 8859-2, and ISO 8859-3 became the preferred method of coding most of these variants. ...

See also:

ISO/IEC 646, ISO/IEC 646 - History, ISO/IEC 646 - National variants, ISO/IEC 646 - Variants of ASCII that are not ISO 646

Read more here: » ISO/IEC 646: Encyclopedia II - ISO/IEC 646 - National variants