ISO 8601

In medieval times and the early days of printing, when fonts all resembled Old English, the predecessor of the comma was a slash. As the hyphen ought not to be confused with this, a double-slash was used, this resembling an equals sign tilted like a slash. Writing forms changed with time, and included the full development of the comma, so the hyphen could become one horizontal stroke. However, publishers of dictionaries liked that a tilted symbol would give them a little extra room in their books. Those dictionaries based on the secon ...

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Hyphen, Hyphen - Rules and customs of usage, Hyphen - Examples of usage, Hyphen - Origin and history of the hyphen, Hyphen - Hyphens in computing, Hyphen - International Standard dates

Read more here: » Hyphen: Encyclopedia II - Hyphen - Origin and history of the hyphen

In the popular rhyme, "Thursday's Child has far to go". In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, the character Arthur Dent says "This must be Thursday. I could never get the hang of Thursdays". A few minutes later the planet Earth is destroyed. Thor, for whom the day was named, also appears later in the Hitchhiker's series and in other Adams books. ...

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Thursday, Thursday - Astrology, Thursday - Thursday in religion, Thursday - Thursday in the United Kingdom, Thursday - Thursday in popular culture, Thursday - Named days

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Continental Europeans use the hyphen to delineate parts within a written date. Germans and Slavs also used roman numerals for the month; 14‑vii‑1789, for example, is one way of writing the first Bastille Day, though this usage is rapidly falling out of favour. Plaques on the wall of the Moscow Kremlin are written this way. Usage of hyphens, as opposed to the slashes used in the English language, is specified for international standards. The International Standard ISO 8601, which was accepted by both the Germans as DIN 5008 ...

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Hyphen, Hyphen - Rules and customs of usage, Hyphen - Examples of usage, Hyphen - Origin and history of the hyphen, Hyphen - Hyphens in computing, Hyphen - International Standard dates

Read more here: » Hyphen: Encyclopedia II - Hyphen - International Standard dates

In English all the days of the week are named after the ruling luminary, with most of the names coming from Anglo-Saxon gods and goddesses. Sunday and Monday are named directly from the sun and moon, although the Anglo-Saxon goddess Sunne is implicit in the name of the sun itself. Saturday is the only day named after a Roman god. Other Germanic languages generally follow the same pattern, but Dutch is the only other that preserves all the astronomical names. Remnants of the Anglo-Saxon gods remain in the English language names for day ...

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Days of the week, Days of the week - Order, Days of the week - Modern ordering, Days of the week - Calendrical origins, Days of the week - Names, Days of the week - Astronomical, Days of the week - Numerical, Days of the week - Notes, Days of the week - Bibliography

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Dates of events in Britain prior to 1752 are usually now shown in their original Old Style form, whereas dates of events in (then British) America prior to 1752 are usually now shown in the New Style form. For example, Shakespeare died on 23 April (OS), and it is rare to see this converted to 3 May (NS). But while George Washington was born on 11 February (OS), his birthday is now celebrated on 22 February (N ...

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage

The Gregorian calendar can, for certain purposes, be extended backwards to dates preceding its official introduction, producing the proleptic Gregorian Calendar. However, this proleptic calendar should be used with great caution. For ordinary purposes, the dates of events occurring prior to 15 October 1582 are generally shown as they appeared in the Julian calendar, and not converted into their Gregorian equivalents. However, events occurring in countries where the Gregorian calendar was introduced later than 4 October 1 ...

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar's year is divided into 12 months: English speakers sometimes remember the number of days in each month by the use of the traditional mnemonic verse: Thirty days hath September / April, June and November / All the rest have thirty-one / Excepting February alone / Which has but twenty-eight, in fine / Till leap year gives it twenty-nine. Alternate endings are: Which has eight and a score / Until leap year gives it one day more, or Which hath twenty-eight days clear / And twenty-nine in each leap year. or When ...

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - Months of the year

The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping 3 Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long, which has an error of about 1 day per 3300 years with respect to the mean tropical year of 365.2422 days but less than half this error with respect to the vernal equinox year of 365.2424 days. Both are substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of ...

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - Accuracy

Some strong examples of semantic changes caused by the placement of hyphens: Disease causing poor nutrition, meaning a disease that causes poor nutrition, and Disease-causing poor nutrition, meaning poor nutrition that causes disease. A man-eating shark is a carnivorous fish, while a man eating shark is a carnivorous male human. New age-discrimination rules, meaning new rules regarding discrimination according to age, and New ...

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Hyphen, Hyphen - Rules and customs of usage, Hyphen - Examples of usage, Hyphen - Origin and history of the hyphen, Hyphen - Hyphens in computing, Hyphen - International Standard dates

Read more here: » Hyphen: Encyclopedia II - Hyphen - Examples of usage

American and British English differences - Spelling. Main article: American and British English spelling differences Some words shared by all English speakers are spelled one way by Americans (and at times Canadians and Australians) but are spelt differently in some (or, at times, most) other English speaking countries. Traditionally, many English verbs have been spelled with both -ize and -ise. The -ise is often used over -ize (e.g ...

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American and British English differences, American and British English differences - Pronunciation, American and British English differences - Grammar, American and British English differences - Singular and plural for nouns, American and British English differences - Use of tenses, American and British English differences - Verb morphology, American and British English differences - Presence or absence of syntactic elements, American and British English differences - Different prepositions in certain contexts, American and British English differences - Miscellaneous grammatical differences, American and British English differences - Word derivation and compounds, American and British English differences - Lexis, American and British English differences - General trends, American and British English differences - Words used only in British English, American and British English differences - Words used only in American English, American and British English differences - Words with differing meanings, American and British English differences - Words which have become archaic in one dialect, American and British English differences - Numbers, American and British English differences - Levels of buildings, American and British English differences - Figures of speech, American and British English differences - Business, American and British English differences - Education, American and British English differences - Transport, American and British English differences - Greetings, American and British English differences - Writing, American and British English differences - Spelling, American and British English differences - Punctuation, American and British English differences - Titles and headlines, American and British English differences - Dates, American and British English differences - Keyboards, American and British English differences - Other varieties, American and British English differences - Other linguistic topics

Read more here: » American and British English differences: Encyclopedia II - American and British English differences - Writing

In the Hindu religion, Thursday is guruvar or the Guru's day. Quakers traditionally refer to Thursday as "Fifth Day" eschewing the pagan origin of the name "Thursday". In the Christian tradition, Holy Thursday is the Thursday before Easter - the day on which the Last Supper occurred. In the United States, Thanksgiving Day is an annual holiday celebrated on a Thursday in November, currently the fourth Thursday. ...

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Thursday, Thursday - Astrology, Thursday - Thursday in religion, Thursday - Thursday in the United Kingdom, Thursday - Thursday in popular culture, Thursday - Named days

Read more here: » Thursday: Encyclopedia II - Thursday - Thursday in religion

20th century - Science and technology. The assembly line and mass production of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and cheaper products. This allowed the automobile to become the most important means of transportation. The invention of heavier-than-air flying machines and the jet engine allowed for the world to become "smaller". Space flight increased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global real-time communications via geosynchronous satellites ...

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20th century, 20th century - Overview, 20th century - Important developments events and achievements, 20th century - Science and technology, 20th century - Wars and politics, 20th century - Culture and entertainment, 20th century - Disease and medicine, 20th century - Natural resources and the environment, 20th century - Significant people, 20th century - World leaders, 20th century - Scientists, 20th century - Humanities, 20th century - Business, 20th century - Aerospace pioneers, 20th century - Spiritual figures, 20th century - Artists, 20th century - Music, 20th century - Film, 20th century - Writers and poets, 20th century - Sports figures, 20th century - Decades and years

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American and British English differences - Singular and plural for nouns. In British English, singular nouns that describe multiple people are often treated as plural, particularly where one is concerned with the people constituting the team, rather than with the team as an entity. The singular form is usually used in American. For example, British "the team are worried"; American "the team is worried". Americans may use the plural form when the individual membership is clear, for example, "the team take th ...

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American and British English differences, American and British English differences - Pronunciation, American and British English differences - Grammar, American and British English differences - Singular and plural for nouns, American and British English differences - Use of tenses, American and British English differences - Verb morphology, American and British English differences - Presence or absence of syntactic elements, American and British English differences - Different prepositions in certain contexts, American and British English differences - Miscellaneous grammatical differences, American and British English differences - Word derivation and compounds, American and British English differences - Lexis, American and British English differences - General trends, American and British English differences - Words used only in British English, American and British English differences - Words used only in American English, American and British English differences - Words with differing meanings, American and British English differences - Words which have become archaic in one dialect, American and British English differences - Numbers, American and British English differences - Levels of buildings, American and British English differences - Figures of speech, American and British English differences - Business, American and British English differences - Education, American and British English differences - Transport, American and British English differences - Greetings, American and British English differences - Writing, American and British English differences - Spelling, American and British English differences - Punctuation, American and British English differences - Titles and headlines, American and British English differences - Dates, American and British English differences - Keyboards, American and British English differences - Other varieties, American and British English differences - Other linguistic topics

Read more here: » American and British English differences: Encyclopedia II - American and British English differences - Grammar

Because there are 97 leap years in every 400 in the Gregorian Calendar, there should, in each "cycle", be either 13 or 14 leap years starting on each day of the week. However, the effects of the "common" centennial years (1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200 etc.) cause major alterations. This is because the absence of an extra day in such years causes the following leap year (1704, 1804, 1904, 2104 etc.) to start on the same day of the week as the leap year twelve years before (1692, 1792, 1892, 2092 etc.). Similarly, the leap year ei ...

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week

Unix enthusiasts have a history of holding time_t parties to celebrate significant values of the Unix time number. These are directly analogous to the new year celebrations that occur at the change of year in many calendars. As the use of Unix time has spread, so has the practice of celebrating its milestones. Usually it is time values that are round numbers in decimal that are celebrated, following the Unix convention of viewing time_t values in decimal. Among some groups round binary numbers are also celebrated, such as +230 which ...

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Unix time, Unix time - Definition, Unix time - Encoding time as a number, Unix time - Representing the number, Unix time - UTC basis, Unix time - History, Unix time - 32-bit overflow, Unix time - time_t parties

Read more here: » Unix time: Encyclopedia II - Unix time - time_t parties

The earliest versions of Unix time had a 32-bit integer incrementing at a rate of 60 Hz, which was the rate of the system clock on the hardware of the early Unix systems. The value 60 Hz still appears in some software interfaces as a result. The epoch also differed from the current value. The first edition Unix Programmer's Manual dated November 3, 1971 defines the Unix time as "the time since 00:00:00, Jan. 1, 1971, measured in sixtieths of a second". It also comments that "the chronologically-minded user will note that 232See also:

Unix time, Unix time - Definition, Unix time - Encoding time as a number, Unix time - Representing the number, Unix time - UTC basis, Unix time - History, Unix time - 32-bit overflow, Unix time - time_t parties

Read more here: » Unix time: Encyclopedia II - Unix time - History

This image shows the difference between the Gregorian calendar and the seasons. The Y axis is "days error" and the X axis is Gregorian calendar years. Each point represents a single date on a given year. The error shifts by about 1/4 day per year. Years that are multiples of 100 but not 400 are NOT leap years. This causes a correction on years 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300. For instance, these corrections cause 23 December 1903 to be the latest December solstice, and 20 December 2096 to be the earliest solst ...

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Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - History, Gregorian calendar - Invention, Gregorian calendar - Beginning of the year, Gregorian calendar - Adoption outside of Roman Catholic nations, Gregorian calendar - Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar - Confusion with British vs. American usage, Gregorian calendar - Difference between Gregorian and Julian calendar dates, Gregorian calendar - Months of the year, Gregorian calendar - Accuracy, Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error, Gregorian calendar - Numerical facts, Gregorian calendar - Number of leap years starting on a given day of the week, Gregorian calendar - Days of the week, Gregorian calendar - Reference

Read more here: » Gregorian calendar: Encyclopedia II - Gregorian calendar - Calendar seasonal error

At 03:14:08 UTC on January 19, 2038 (+231), a 32-bit signed integer representation of Unix time will overflow. Systems using a 32-bit signed integer Unix time_t will therefore be unable to represent that time, or any later, and will likely wrap around to 20:45:52 UTC on December 13, 1901, with integer value -231. This is known as the year 2038 problem. Programs which must handle times beyond the overflow date will need to be changed to use a 64-bit time_t, a bignum representation of Unix time, or so ...

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Unix time, Unix time - Definition, Unix time - Encoding time as a number, Unix time - Representing the number, Unix time - UTC basis, Unix time - History, Unix time - 32-bit overflow, Unix time - time_t parties

Read more here: » Unix time: Encyclopedia II - Unix time - 32-bit overflow

Time intervals specify an amount of time. They may be specified in four ways: Start and end, such as 2002-03-01T13:00:00Z/2003-05-11T15:30:00Z Start and duration, such as 2002-03-01T13:00:00Z/P1Y2M10DT2H30M Duration and end, such as P1Y2M10DT2H30M/2003-05-11T15:30:00Z Duration only, such as P1Y2M10DT2H30M Of these, the first three require two separate values, separated by the interval designator, which is usually a forward slash "/". (The double h ...

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ISO 8601, ISO 8601 - History of the standard, ISO 8601 - General principles, ISO 8601 - Dates, ISO 8601 - Calendar date, ISO 8601 - Week dates, ISO 8601 - Ordinal dates, ISO 8601 - Further details about dates, ISO 8601 - Times, ISO 8601 - Time zones, ISO 8601 - Combined representations, ISO 8601 - Duration, ISO 8601 - Time interval, ISO 8601 - Repeating intervals, ISO 8601 - Usage

Read more here: » ISO 8601: Encyclopedia II - ISO 8601 - Time interval

Durations are represented by the format PnYnMnDTnHnMnS (nM may be replaced with nW to use the week format.) In this representation replace n with the appropriate number for the element that follows it (leading zeros are optional but may clarify ambiguous durations) The capital letters (P, Y, M, W, D, T, H, M, and S) are used as they are and not replaced. Thus P3Y6M4DT12H30M0S defines "a period of three years, six months, four days, twelve hours, thirty minutes, and zero seconds". Elements m ...

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ISO 8601, ISO 8601 - History of the standard, ISO 8601 - General principles, ISO 8601 - Dates, ISO 8601 - Calendar date, ISO 8601 - Week dates, ISO 8601 - Ordinal dates, ISO 8601 - Further details about dates, ISO 8601 - Times, ISO 8601 - Time zones, ISO 8601 - Combined representations, ISO 8601 - Duration, ISO 8601 - Time interval, ISO 8601 - Repeating intervals, ISO 8601 - Usage

Read more here: » ISO 8601: Encyclopedia II - ISO 8601 - Duration

ISO 8601 uses the 24-hour clock system that is used by much of the world. The basic format is hhmmss and the extended format is hh:mm:ss. hh refers to an hour between 00 and 24, where 24 is only used to notate the midnight at the end of a calendar date. mm refers to a minute between 00 and 59. ss refers to a second between 00 and 59 (or 60 in the exceptional case of an added leap second). So a time might appear as 13:47:30, or 134730. It is also acceptable to omit elements to reduce precision. hh:mm, hhm ...

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ISO 8601, ISO 8601 - History of the standard, ISO 8601 - General principles, ISO 8601 - Dates, ISO 8601 - Calendar date, ISO 8601 - Week dates, ISO 8601 - Ordinal dates, ISO 8601 - Further details about dates, ISO 8601 - Times, ISO 8601 - Time zones, ISO 8601 - Combined representations, ISO 8601 - Duration, ISO 8601 - Time interval, ISO 8601 - Repeating intervals, ISO 8601 - Usage

Read more here: » ISO 8601: Encyclopedia II - ISO 8601 - Times

Dates and times are self-contained, and do not rely on any external context for their values. They are entirely numerical in representation, although certain specialized formats use roman letters to label fields. Every ISO date has exactly one possible unambiguous interpretation. These properties allow them to be truly international, without reliance on regional conventions, such as the names of the days of the week. Dates and times are organized from most to least significant digits. Each value (eg, year, month, day, ti ...

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ISO 8601, ISO 8601 - History of the standard, ISO 8601 - General principles, ISO 8601 - Dates, ISO 8601 - Calendar date, ISO 8601 - Week dates, ISO 8601 - Ordinal dates, ISO 8601 - Further details about dates, ISO 8601 - Times, ISO 8601 - Time zones, ISO 8601 - Combined representations, ISO 8601 - Duration, ISO 8601 - Time interval, ISO 8601 - Repeating intervals, ISO 8601 - Usage

Read more here: » ISO 8601: Encyclopedia II - ISO 8601 - General principles