Islamic art

Islamic art throughout history has been mainly abstract and decorative, portraying geometric, floral, Arabesque, and calligraphic designs. Unlike the strong tradition of portraying the human figure in Christian art, Islamic art does not include depictions of human beings. The lack of portraiture is due to the fact that early Islam forbade the painting of human beings, including the Prophet, as Muslims believe this tempts followers of the Prophet to idolatry. This prohibition against human beings or icons is called aniconism. Over the past tw ...

See also:

Islamic art, Islamic art - Mediums of Islamic art, Islamic art - Calligraphy, Islamic art - The study of Islamic art

Read more here: » Islamic art: Encyclopedia II - Islamic art - Mediums of Islamic art

Islamic art throughout history has been mainly abstract and decorative, portraying geometric, floral, Arabesque, and calligraphic designs. Unlike the strong tradition of portraying the human figure in Christian art, Islamic art does not include depictions of human beings. The lack of portraiture is due to the fact that early Islam forbade the painting of human beings, including the Prophet, as Muslims believe this tempts followers of the Prophet to idolatry. This prohibition against human beings or icons is called aniconism. Over the past tw ...

See also:

Islamic art, Islamic art - Mediums of Islamic art, Islamic art - Caligraphy, Islamic art - The study of Islamic art

Read more here: » Islamic art: Encyclopedia II - Islamic art - Mediums of Islamic art

Mosques were known to the English-speaking world well before the word to describe them was established. However, in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, variations of the word began to be used. Moseak, muskey, moschy, and mos'keh were just some of the variations that came into use until it was decided that mosquee, imitating Middle French, Italian, and Old Spanish, would become the standard [1]. In the early eighteenth c ...

Including:

• Mosque - Etymology
• Mosque - The first mosques
• Mosque - Functions
• Mosque - Prayers
• Mosque - Other functions
• Mosque - Appearance of mosques
• Mosque - The qibla wall
• Mosque - Types of mosques
• Mosque - Traditional mosques
• Mosque - Modern-day mosques
• Mosque - Notable mosques
• Mosque - Men and women in the mosque
• Mosque - Women as imams
• Mosque - Separation in the mosque
• Mosque - Non-muslims in mosques

Read more here: » Mosque: Encyclopedia - Mosque

Al-Azhar University, or Al-Azhar Al-Shareef (الأزهر الشريف; literally, "The Noble Al-Azhar"), is connected to the mosque in Cairo named to honor Fatima Az-Zahraa, the daughter of the prophet Muhammad, from whom the Fatimid Dynasty claimed descent. The mosque was built in two years from 969 CE, the year in which it's foundation was laid. The school of theology (madrassa) connected with it was founded in 988 as an Ismaili Shia school, but it later became a Sunni school, which it remains to this day. It ...

Read more here: » Al-Azhar University: Encyclopedia - Al-Azhar University

The Church of the Holy Wisdom, commonly known as Hagia Sophia in English, is a former Greek Orthodox church converted to a mosque, now a museum, in Istanbul (Constantinople). It is universally acknowledged as one of the great buildings of the world. The name comes from the Greek name Αγία Σοφία. It is also known as Sancta Sophia in Latin and Ayasofya in Turkish. Hagia Sophia - Construction. Nothing remains of the first church that was built on the same site during ...

Including:

• Hagia Sophia - Construction
• Hagia Sophia - Ottoman restorations and revisions
• Hagia Sophia - Description
• Hagia Sophia - Later history
• Hagia Sophia - Gallery
• Hagia Sophia - Trivia
• Hagia Sophia - Reference

Read more here: » Hagia Sophia: Encyclopedia - Hagia Sophia

The Al-Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa ▶ (help·info), literally "the farthest mosque"), is part of the complex of religious buildings in Jerusalem known as either the Majed Mount or Al-Haram al-Sharif (the Noble Sanctuary) to Muslims and the Har ha-Bayit (Temple Mount) to Jews and Christians. It is located in East Jerusalem, a disput ...

Read more here: » Al-Aqsa Mosque: Encyclopedia - Al-Aqsa Mosque

When Singapore was ceded to the British in 1819, Temenggong Abdul Rahman, the island's chief, and Sultan Hussain Shah of Johore, under whose juridiction Singapore fell, acquired small fortunes in exchange for their power. Sir Stamford Raffles also granted the Temenggong and the Sultan an annual stipend and the use of Kampong Glam for their residence. The area around Kampong Glam was also allocated for Malays and other Muslims. Hussian built a palace there and brought his family and a complete entourage from the Riau islands. Many of the Sultan's and Temenggong's followers came to Kampong Glam fr ...

See also:

Masjid Sultan, Masjid Sultan - History, Masjid Sultan - Gallery, Masjid Sultan - Reference

Read more here: » Masjid Sultan: Encyclopedia II - Masjid Sultan - History

Jamae Mosque was set up by the Chulias, who were Indian Muslims from the Coromandel Coast of South India. They came to Singapore mostly as traders and money changers and set up three mosques within a short time; Jamae Mosque was the first. The other two are Al-Abrar Mosque and Nagore Durgha, both of which are on Telok Ayer Street. In 1894, Jamae Mosque and Nagore Durgha were placed under a panel of court-appointed trustees, under which they remained until 1961. The Muslim and Hindu Endowment Board then took over the management of the mosque until 1968, when it handed the reins over ...

See also:

Masjid Jamae, Masjid Jamae - History, Masjid Jamae - Architecture, Masjid Jamae - Reference

Read more here: » Masjid Jamae: Encyclopedia II - Masjid Jamae - History

Named after an aristocratic Malay woman, Masjid Hajjah Fatimah was built in 1845-1846. The mosque was built on the site of Hajjah Fatimah's former house at Java Road. In the late 1830s, this house was broken into twice and, on the second occasion, also set on fire. Hajjah Fatimah, who was away when the arson attack occurred, was so relieved to have been spared any injury that she designated the land for a mosque. Since then, most of the buildings at Java Road apart from the mosque have been ...

See also:

Masjid Hajjah Fatimah, Masjid Hajjah Fatimah - History, Masjid Hajjah Fatimah - Architecture, Masjid Hajjah Fatimah - Reference

Read more here: » Masjid Hajjah Fatimah: Encyclopedia II - Masjid Hajjah Fatimah - History

The Great Mosque is unusual among West African mosques in that its site was not sacred prior to its establishment — the location was previously occupied by a palace. Other mosques were built on the same locations as conical, mud-brick or stone spires representing the protective spirits of ancestors. Some scholars of Islamic architecture, such as Labelle Prussin, believe that these conical spires were integrated into the design of mosques throughout Mali, and point ...

See also:

Great Mosque of Djenné, Great Mosque of Djenné - History, Great Mosque of Djenné - Design, Great Mosque of Djenné - Cultural significance

Read more here: » Great Mosque of Djenné: Encyclopedia II - Great Mosque of Djenné - History

1The ICTY Trial Chamber is satisfied beyond reasonable doubt both that the expulsions and forcible removals were systematic throughout the Autonomous Region of Krajina (ARK), in which and from where tens of thousands of Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats were permanently displaced, and that this mass forcible displacement was intended to ensure the ethnic cleansing of the region. These people were left with no option but to escape. Those who were not expelled and did not manage to escape were subjected to intolerable living conditions ...

See also:

Ferhadija mosque, Ferhadija mosque - Destruction, Ferhadija mosque - Reconstruction, Ferhadija mosque - Notes, Ferhadija mosque - External link

Read more here: » Ferhadija mosque: Encyclopedia II - Ferhadija mosque - Notes

Trade links with China were well established by this era and the influence of ceramics from the Tang dynasty can be seen on lustrewares, produced by Mesapotamian potters, and on some early white wares excavated at Samarra (in modern-day Iraq). Ceramics from this period were excavated at Nishapur (in modern-day Iran) and Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan). The Hispano-Moresque style emerged in Andalusia in the 8th century, under the Fatimids. ...

See also:

Islamic pottery, Islamic pottery - Early Medieval 622-1200, Islamic pottery - Middle 1200-1400, Islamic pottery - Late/Post-medieval 1400-onward

Read more here: » Islamic pottery: Encyclopedia II - Islamic pottery - Early Medieval 622-1200

Mosque - Prayers. Muslims are commanded to offer prayer (salah) five times a day: before sunrise (fajr), at midday (dhuhr), in the afternoon (asr), at sunset (maghrib), and in the evening (isha'a). Although Muslims are not required to offer prayer inside a mosque, it is considered more virtuous to offer prayer in congregation at ...

See also:

Mosque, Mosque - Etymology, Mosque - The first mosques, Mosque - Functions, Mosque - Prayers, Mosque - Other functions, Mosque - Appearance of mosques, Mosque - The qibla wall, Mosque - Types of mosques, Mosque - Traditional mosques, Mosque - Modern-day mosques, Mosque - Notable mosques, Mosque - Men and women in the mosque, Mosque - Women as imams, Mosque - Separation in the mosque, Mosque - Non-muslims in mosques

Read more here: » Mosque: Encyclopedia II - Mosque - Functions

List of mosques - Bangladesh. Baitul Mukarram High Court Mosque Tara Mosque Sixty Pillar Mosque Binat Bibi mosque Baitul Mukarram in Dhaka, Bangladesh List of mosques - China. Xian Great Mosque in Xian People's Republic of China Id Kah Mosque in Kashgar Niujie Mosque in Beijing Kowloon Masjid and Islamic Centre in Hong Kong List of mosques - India. Jama_Masjid in Bombay, India Jami' Masjid, Delhi Fatehpur Sikri

Nothing remains of the first church that was built on the same site during the 4th century. Following the destruction of the first church, a second was built by Constantius, the son of Constantine the Great, but was burned down during the Nika riots of 532. The building was rebuilt under the personal supervision of emperor Justinian I and rededicated on December 27, 537. Justinian chose Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, a physicist and a mathematician, as architects; Anthemius, however, died within the first year. The const ...

See also:

Hagia Sophia, Hagia Sophia - Construction, Hagia Sophia - Ottoman restorations and revisions, Hagia Sophia - Description, Hagia Sophia - Later history, Hagia Sophia - Gallery, Hagia Sophia - Trivia, Hagia Sophia - Reference

Read more here: » Hagia Sophia: Encyclopedia II - Hagia Sophia - Construction

The entire community of Djenné takes an active role in the mosque's maintenance via a unique annual festival. This includes music and food, but has the primary objective of repairing the damage inflicted on the mosque in the past year (mostly erosion caused by the annual rains and cracks caused by changes in temperature and humidity). In the days leading up to the festival, the plaster is prepared in pits. It requires several days to cure but needs to be periodically stirred, a task usually falling to young boys who play in the mixture, thu ...

See also:

Great Mosque of Djenné, Great Mosque of Djenné - History, Great Mosque of Djenné - Design, Great Mosque of Djenné - Cultural significance

Read more here: » Great Mosque of Djenné: Encyclopedia II - Great Mosque of Djenné - Cultural significance

Calligraphy (from Greek καλλος kallos "beauty" + γραφος graphos "writing") is the art of decorative writing. A style of calligraphy is described as a hand. Calligraphy should be distinguished from the studies of epigraphy or palaeography. The study of permanent inscriptions engraved in metal or chiselled into stone and the forms of letters used in them is called epigraphy. Epigraphy is a branch of the broader study of ancient handwriting in more general terms, called palaeography. Example ...

Including:

• Calligraphy - East Asian calligraphy
• Calligraphy - Islamic calligraphy
• Calligraphy - Hebrew calligraphy
• Calligraphy - Western calligraphy
• Calligraphy - Calligraphy as a hobby
• Calligraphy - Materials Required
• Calligraphy - Getting Started
• Calligraphy - Transferring
• Calligraphy - Tips

Read more here: » Calligraphy: Encyclopedia - Calligraphy

The Badshahi Masjid (بادشاەى مسجد), literally the 'King's Mosque', was built in 1673 by Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. It is one of the city's best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal era. Capable of accommodating up to 60,000 worshippers, it is the second largest mosque in Pakistan, after the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jamia Masjid in Delhi, India, which was built in 1648 by Aur ...

Including:

• Badshahi Masjid - History
• Badshahi Masjid - Repairs
• Badshahi Masjid - Special Events
• Badshahi Masjid - Chief Characteristics
• Badshahi Masjid - Quranic inscriptions
• Badshahi Masjid - Measurements

Read more here: » Badshahi Masjid: Encyclopedia - Badshahi Masjid

Islamic calligraphy is an aspect of Islamic art that has co-evolved alongside the religion of Islam and the Arabic language. Arabic/Persian calligraphy is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques as well as on the page. Contemporary artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work. Instead of recalling something related to the reality of the spoken word, calligraphy for the Muslim is a visible ...

Read more here: » Islamic calligraphy: Encyclopedia - Islamic calligraphy

Stucco is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water which consistency when wet and when dry becomes hard. Also used in sidings, it is used as a coating for walls and ceilings or for decoration. In Europe the term render is more commonly used. Stucco may be used to cover less visually appealing construction materials such as concrete blocks, steel, or adobe. The difference in nomenclature between stucco, plaster, and mortar is based more on use than composition. Until the later part of the nineteenth century, it was c ...

Including:

• Stucco - External Links

Read more here: » Stucco: Encyclopedia - Stucco