Islam in Turkey

The expectation of the secular ruling elite that the policies of the 1920s and 1930s would diminish the role of religion in public life did not materialize. As early as 1925, religious grievances were one of the principal causes of the Seyh Sait rebellion, an uprising in southeastern Turkey that may have claimed as many as 30,000 lives before being suppressed. Following the relaxation of authoritarian political controls in 1946, large numbers of people began to call openly for a return to traditional religious practice. During the 1950s, even certain political leaders found it expedient to join relig ...

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Islam in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Islam's history in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Sufism and Folk Islam, Islam in Turkey - The Alevi, Islam in Turkey - Secularist Policies, Islam in Turkey - Retreat from Secularism, Islam in Turkey - Status of Religious Freedom

Read more here: » Islam in Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Islam in Turkey - Retreat from Secularism

(Turkish: Yurtta Barış, Dünyada Barış) The Republic of Turkey or Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), is a bicontinental country located mainly in Asia Minor, with 3% of its land located in the Balkans. Its strategic location straddles the Bosphorus straits that separate Southwest Asia from Southeast Europe. The Anatolian peninsula comprises nearly all of its territory, and is situated between the Black Sea on the north and the Mediterranean Sea to south, with the Aegean Sea and Marmara Sea (both branches of the Medit ...

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• Turkey - History
• Turkey - Politics
• Turkey - Legal System
• Turkey - Foreign Relations
• Turkey - Military
• Turkey - Geography
• Turkey - Economy
• Turkey - Agriculture
• Turkey - Industrial sector
• Turkey - Service sector
• Turkey - Financial sector
• Turkey - Natural resources
• Turkey - Employment
• Turkey - Society
• Turkey - Demographics
• Turkey - Education
• Turkey - Culture
• Turkey - Religion
• Turkey - Gallery
• Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia - Turkey

Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment. Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. It is estimated that 50% of the population lives under the international standards of poverty, especially in the war torn south-east areas. Turkey - Agriculture. Turkey has been self-sufficient in ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Economy

Only a minority of the Muslims residing in Germany are members of religious associations. The ones with the highest numerical strength are: Diyanet İşleri Türk İslam Birliği (DİTİB): German branch of the Turkish Presidency for Religious Affairs, Cologne Islamische Gemeinschaft Milli Görüş: close to the Islamist Saadet Partisi in Turkey, Kerpen near Cologne Islamische Gemeinschaft Jamaat un-Nur: German branch of the Kurdish Society Said Nursi Verband der islamischen Kul ...

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Islam in Germany, Islam in Germany - Organisations, Islam in Germany - Controversies, Islam in Germany - Islam and German Intellectual Life

Read more here: » Islam in Germany: Encyclopedia II - Islam in Germany - Organisations

Turkey's economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment. Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. It is estimated that 50% of the population lives under the international standards of poverty, es ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Tourism sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Economy

Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri TSK) consists of the Army, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry) and Air Force. The Gendarmerie and Coast Guard operate as the parts of Dept. of Internal Affairs in peacetime and are subordinate to the Army and Navy Commands respectively. In wartime, both have law enforcement and military functions. The Commander-in-Chief is Chief General Staff General Hilmi Özkök. After becoming a member of the NATO Alliance on February 18, 1952, the Turkish Republic initiated a ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Tourism sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Military

The territory of Turkey extends from 36° to 42° N and from 26° to 45° E. It is roughly rectangular in shape and is 1,660 kilometers wide. The area of Turkey inclusive of lakes is 814,578 square kilometres, of which 790,200 are in Asia and 24,378 are located in Europe. Many geographers consider Turkey politically and culturally in Europe, although it is a trancontiental country between Asia and Europe. The ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Tourism sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Geography

Turkey - Demographics. Main article: Demographics of Turkey The legal use of term "Turkish" (a citizen of Turkey) is different than the ethnic definition (an ethnic Turk). However, the majority of the Turkish population (more than 80%) are of Turkish ethnicity. The ethnic minorities include, besides the legally defined minorities, Abkhaz, Albanians, Arabs, Bosniaks, Chaldeans, Chechens, Cir ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Tourism sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Society

Main Articles: Politics of Turkey, Constitution of Turkey Turkey's political system is based on separation of powers. Its constitution is called 'Anayasa' (Main Law). Head of State - The function of Head of State is performed by the President "Cumhurbaşkanı". A president is elected every seven years by the Grand National Assembly. The President does not have to be a member of parliament. Executive power - Executive power rests in the Prime Minister "Başbakan" and the Council of Ministers "Bakanlar Kurulu". The PM and Ministers have to be parliamentarians. The Prime Minister is elected by the parliament with ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Tourism sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Politics

The Republic of Turkey was established on October 29, 1923 from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. The origins of modern Turkey can be traced back to the arrival of Turkish tribes in Anatolia in the 11th century, under the Seljuks. They were superseded by the Ottoman dynasty in the late 13th and early 14th centuries -- this empire lasted until 1923. The historical richness of people and the land laid the foundations of the current republic. Even though official history of the state began on May 19, 1919, with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's onset ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Tourism sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - History

Turkish Armed Forces (Turkish: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri TSK) consists of the Army, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry) and Air Force. The Gendarmerie and Coast Guard operate as the parts of Dept. of Internal Affairs in peacetime and are subordinate to the Army and Navy Commands respectively. In wartime, both have law enforcement and military functions. The Commander-in-Chief is Chief General Staff General Hilmi Özkök. After becoming a member of the NATO Alliance on February 18, 1952, the Turkish Republic initiated a ...

See also:

Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Military

The territory of Turkey extends from 36° to 42° N and from 26° to 45° E. It is roughly rectangular in shape and is 1,660 kilometers wide. The area of Turkey inclusive of lakes is 814,578 square kilometres, of which 790,200 are in Asia and 24,378 are located in Europe. Many geographers consider Turkey politically and culturally in Europe, although it is a trancontiental country between Asia and Europe. The ...

See also:

Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Geography

Turkey - Demographics. Main articles: Demographics of Turkey, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], ...

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Turkey, Turkey - History, Turkey - Politics, Turkey - Legal System, Turkey - Foreign Relations, Turkey - Military, Turkey - Geography, Turkey - Economy, Turkey - Agriculture, Turkey - Industrial sector, Turkey - Service sector, Turkey - Financial sector, Turkey - Natural resources, Turkey - Employment, Turkey - Society, Turkey - Demographics, Turkey - Education, Turkey - Culture, Turkey - Religion, Turkey - Gallery, Turkey - Miscellaneous Topics

Read more here: » Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Turkey - Society

Since Islam is not a traditional religion in Germany and since most problems with migration into Germany focus on this religious point, currently there are several intensive disputes about the place of Islam in the German state and society. Currently discussed topics are the head-scarf worn by teachers in schools. The freedom of belief enjoined by the teacher contradicts in the view of many the neutral stance of the state towards religion; many people also see the head-scarf mainly as a political symbol of the oppression of women even ...

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Islam in Germany, Islam in Germany - Organisations, Islam in Germany - Controversies, Islam in Germany - Islam and German Intellectual Life

Read more here: » Islam in Germany: Encyclopedia II - Islam in Germany - Controversies

The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice; however, the Government imposes some restrictions on Muslim and other religious groups and on Muslim religious expression in government offices and state-run institutions, including universities, usually for the stated reason of preserving the "secular state." The Constitution establishes the country as a "secular state" and provides for freedom of belief, freedom of worship, and the private dissemination of religious ideas. Howev ...

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Islam in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Islam's history in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Sufism and Folk Islam, Islam in Turkey - The Alevi, Islam in Turkey - Secularist Policies, Islam in Turkey - Retreat from Secularism, Islam in Turkey - Status of Religious Freedom

Read more here: » Islam in Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Islam in Turkey - Status of Religious Freedom

By the end of the seventh century, conversion to Islam had begun among the Turkish-speaking tribes, who were migrating westward from Central Asia. The initial wave of Turkish migrants converted to Sunni Islam and became champions of Islamic orthodoxy. As warriors of the Islamic faith, or gazis, they colonized and settled Anatolia in the name of Islam, especially following the defeat of the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert (1071). Beginning in the twelfth century, new waves of Turkic migrants many of whom belonged to Sufi orders, some of ...

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Islam in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Islam's history in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Sufism and Folk Islam, Islam in Turkey - The Alevi, Islam in Turkey - Secularist Policies, Islam in Turkey - Retreat from Secularism, Islam in Turkey - Status of Religious Freedom

Read more here: » Islam in Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Islam in Turkey - Islam's history in Turkey

A significant Shi'a minority lives in Turkey. As in the Ottoman period, a census of the Shi'a population has never been taken in the republican period. Thus, there is no accurate information on the size of the Shi'a community, which has been estimated to constitute as little as 7 percent and as much as 30 percent of Turkey's total population. Sunni in Turkey tend to refer to all Shi'as as Alevi. In actuality, Alevi constitute but one of four Shi'a sects in the country. But Alevi are by far the largest Shi'a sect in Turkey, accounting for at ...

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Islam in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Islam's history in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Sufism and Folk Islam, Islam in Turkey - The Alevi, Islam in Turkey - Secularist Policies, Islam in Turkey - Retreat from Secularism, Islam in Turkey - Status of Religious Freedom

Read more here: » Islam in Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Islam in Turkey - The Alevi

In 1922 the new nationalist regime abolished the Ottoman sultanate, and in 1924 it abolished the caliphate, the religious office that Ottoman sultans had held for four centuries. Thus, for the first time in Islamic history, no ruler claimed spiritual leadership of Islam. The withdrawal of Turkey, heir to the Ottoman Empire, as the presumptive leader of the world Muslim community was symbolic of the change in the government's relationship to Islam. Indeed, secularism or laicism (laiklik ) became one of the "Six Arrows" of Atatürk's program f ...

See also:

Islam in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Islam's history in Turkey, Islam in Turkey - Sufism and Folk Islam, Islam in Turkey - The Alevi, Islam in Turkey - Secularist Policies, Islam in Turkey - Retreat from Secularism, Islam in Turkey - Status of Religious Freedom

Read more here: » Islam in Turkey: Encyclopedia II - Islam in Turkey - Secularist Policies