This article is in need of attention. You can help Wikipedia by editing it into a better article. Please also consider changing this notice to be more specific. Islam is the second-largest religion in India, where Muslims number around 137 million people (Census 2001). India has the third-largest population of Muslims in the world. Since its introduction to India, Islam has made valuable religious, philosophy, culture, social and political contributions to Indian history, ...

Including:

• Islam in India - Famous Indian Muslims
• Islam in India - Population Statistics
• Islam in India - Illegal Immigrants from Bangladesh
• Islam in India - The History of Islam in India
• Islam in India - Islamic Traditions in South Asia
• Islam in India - Post - Independence
• Islam in India - Literature

Read more here: » Islam in India: Encyclopedia - Islam in India

See also:

Islam in India, Islam in India - Famous Indian Muslims, Islam in India - Population Statistics, Islam in India - Illegal Immigrants from Bangladesh, Islam in India - The History of Islam in India, Islam in India - Islamic Traditions in South Asia, Islam in India - Post - Independence, Islam in India - Literature

Read more here: » Islam in India: Encyclopedia II - Islam in India - Illegal Immigrants from Bangladesh

In general majority of Muslims in India are in a pity situation. Though once Muslims ruled Hindu majority India but they could not cope up with situations during colonial time and after 1947 partition of India and Pakistan. In partition majority of educated and rich muslims either migrated to Pakistan or Britain leaving behind poor and illiterate Muslims. After creation of Pakistan, it was Indian immigrated Muslims (Muhajirs) who contributed most in the development of their new country. Majority of Muslims in India lives ...

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Islam in India, Islam in India - Arrival of Islam, Islam in India - Sufism and spread of Islam, Islam in India - Role of Muslims in India's freedom movement, Islam in India - Muslims in Present India, Islam in India - Muslim Institutes, Islam in India - Population Statistics, Islam in India - Illegal Immigrants from Bangladesh, Islam in India - The History of Islam in India, Islam in India - Islamic Traditions in South Asia, Islam in India - Post - Independence, Islam in India - Literature

Read more here: » Islam in India: Encyclopedia II - Islam in India - Muslims in Present India

The vast scope of the art of India intertwines with the cultural history, religions and philosophies which place art production and patronage in social and cultural contexts. Indian art can be classified into specific periods each reflecting certain religious, political and cultural developments. Hinduism and Buddhism of the ancient period (300 BC- 1700 AD) Islamic ascendancy (712-1757 AD) The colonial period (1757-1947) Independence and the postcolonial period (Post-1947)Including:

• Indian art - Interrelationship in Indian arts
• Indian art - Rock cut art
• Indian art - Folk and tribal art
• Indian art - Music

Read more here: » Indian art: Encyclopedia - Indian art

The first election for East Bengal Provincial Assembly was held between 8 March and 12 March 1954. The Awami Muslim League, krishak sramik party and nezam-e-islam formed the United Front, on the basis of 21-points agenda. Notable pledges contained in the 21-points were: making Bangla one of the state languages autonomy for the province reforms in education independence of the judiciary< ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970

As the independence movement throughout British-controlled India began in the late nineteenth century gained momentum during the twentieth century, Bengali politicians played an active role in Gandhi's Congress Party and Jinnah's Muslim League, exposing the opposing forces of ethnic and religious nationalism. By exploiting the latter, the British probably intended to distract the independence movement, for example by partitioning Bengal in 1905 along religious lines (the split only lasted for seven years). At first the Muslim League sought o ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan

Portuguese traders and missionaries were the first Europeans to reach Bengal in the latter part of the fifteenth century. They were followed by representatives of the Dutch, the French, and the British East India Companies. Calcutta was in fact Britain's initial foothold on the Indian subcontinent and remained a focal point of their activity. The British gradually extended their commercial contacts and administrative control beyond Calcutta to the rest of Bengal. The British East India Company gained official control of Bengal following the ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - British India

Islam made its first appearance in Bengal during the twelfth century AD when Sufi missionaries arrived. Later occasional Muslim invaders reinforced the process of conversion by building mosques, madrassas and Sufi Khanqahs. Beginning in 1202 a military commander from the Delhi Sultanate, Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiar Khilji, overran Bihar and Bengal as far east as Rangpur, Bogra and the Brahmaputra River. The defeated Laksmanasena and his two sons moved to a place then called Vikramapura (south of Dhaka), where their diminished dominio ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam

Islam made its first appearance in Bengal during the twelfth century AD when Sufi missionaries arrived. Later occasional Muslim invaders reinforced the process of conversion by building mosques, madrassas and Sufi Khanqahs. Beginning in 1202 a military commander from the Delhi Sultanate with an entertaining name, Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiar Khilji, overran Bihar and Bengal as far east as Rangpur, Bogra and the Brahmaputra River. The defeated Laksmanasena and his two sons moved to a place then called Vikramapura (south of Dhaka), wher ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam

The Language Movement began in 1948 and reached its climax in the killings of 21 February 1952, and ended in the adoption of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan. The question as to what would be the state language of Pakistan was raised immediately after its creation. The central leaders and the Urdu-speaking intellectuals of Pakistan declared that Urdu would be the state language of Pakistan, just as Hindi was the state language of India. Bengalis strongly resisted attempts to impose Urdu as the sole official language of Pakistan. The students and intellectuals of East Pakistan, ho ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement

Bengal came once more under the suzerainty of Delhi as the Mughals conquered it in 1576. Not far from Sonargaon, Dhaka rose from the mists of obscurity as a Mughal provincial capital. But it remained remote and thus a difficult to govern region--especially the section east of the Brahmaputra River--outside the mainstream of Mughal politics. The Bengali ethnic and linguistic identity further cystallized during this period, since the whole of Bengal was united under an able and long-lasting administration. Furthermore its inhabitants were given suffici ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period

After the Awami League won all the East Pakistan seats of the Pakistan's National Assembly in the 1970-71 elections, West Pakistan opened talks with the East on constitutional questions about the division of power between the central government and the provinces, as well as the formation of a national government headed by the Awami League. The talks proved unsuccessful, however, and on March 1, 1971, Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - Independence

In January 1975 economic and political difficulties led to Sheikh Mujib's assumption of the presidencey with greatly increased powers. In August fifteen, he was killed in a military coup. Following two further coups (November 3 and November 6), Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman emerged as de facto ruler, assuming the presidency in April 1977. In May 1981, Zia in turn fell victim to a failed coup attempt; ten months later Lt. Gen. Hossain Mohammad Ershad took power, holding office until his ...

See also:

History of Bangladesh, History of Bangladesh - Ancient times, History of Bangladesh - Medieval period: arrival of Islam, History of Bangladesh - The Mughal period, History of Bangladesh - British India, History of Bangladesh - Creation of Pakistan, History of Bangladesh - The Language Movement, History of Bangladesh - Politics: 1954 - 1970, History of Bangladesh - Independence, History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence, History of Bangladesh - External link

Read more here: » History of Bangladesh: Encyclopedia II - History of Bangladesh - Post-Independence

With the advent of Islam, the erstwhile Indian architecture was slightly adapted to allow the traditions of the new religion, but it remained strongly Indian at its heart and character. Arches and domes began to be used and the mosque or masjid too began to form part of the landscape, adding to a new experience in form and space. The sahn or the open courtyard for congregational worship with the enclosing cloisters or liwans and the sanctuary at the Western end offered a different architectural vocabulary. The fundamenta ...

See also:

Indian architecture, Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village, Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture, Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples, Indian architecture - The Rajput Architecture, Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture, Indian architecture - Secular architecture, Indian architecture - Architecture under the colonial rule, Indian architecture - Post-independence architecture of India, Indian architecture - Conclusion, Indian architecture - Monuments in India classified under World Heritage Sites

Read more here: » Indian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture

The earliest production in the Indus Valley Civilization was characterised by well planned cities and houses where religion did not seem to play an active role. The presence of drainage systems and public baths showed advanced standards of hygiene and sanitation and ingenious planning. The Vedic village had certain distinct characteristics that influenced subsequent architectural production. The Vedic grama could have a pur, or ...

See also:

Indian architecture, Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village, Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture, Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples, Indian architecture - The Rajput Architecture, Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture, Indian architecture - Secular architecture, Indian architecture - Architecture under the colonial rule, Indian architecture - Post-independence architecture of India, Indian architecture - Conclusion, Indian architecture - Monuments in India classified under World Heritage Sites

Read more here: » Indian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village

Buddhism gained prominence during the reign of the emperor Ashoka. It is primarily represented by three important building types- the Chaitya Hall (place of worship), the Vihara (monastery) and the Stupa (hemispherical mound for worship/ memory)- exemplified by the magnificent caves of Ajanta and Ellora and the monumental Sanchi Stupa. The Greek influence led the Indian architecture of the time, especially the rock-cut art, to fall under one of the two categries: the Mathura school of art which was strictly Indian in spirit and did not adopt ...

See also:

Indian architecture, Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village, Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture, Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples, Indian architecture - The Rajput Architecture, Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture, Indian architecture - Secular architecture, Indian architecture - Architecture under the colonial rule, Indian architecture - Post-independence architecture of India, Indian architecture - Conclusion, Indian architecture - Monuments in India classified under World Heritage Sites

Read more here: » Indian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture

The reference to temples in literature go back early with Panini (520 BC - 460 BC) and Patanjali mentioning temples which were called prasadas. Early beginnings of Hindu temple architecture have been traced to the remains at Aihole and Pattadakal in present day Karnataka, and have Vedic altars and late Vedic temples as described by Panini as models. Later, as more differentiation took place, the Dravidian/ Southern style and or the Indo-Aryan/ Northern/ Nagara style of temple architecture emerged as dominant modes, epitomised in produ ...

See also:

Indian architecture, Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village, Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture, Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples, Indian architecture - The Rajput Architecture, Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture, Indian architecture - Secular architecture, Indian architecture - Architecture under the colonial rule, Indian architecture - Post-independence architecture of India, Indian architecture - Conclusion, Indian architecture - Monuments in India classified under World Heritage Sites

Read more here: » Indian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples

With the advent of Islam, the erstwhile Indian architecture was slightly adapted to allow the traditions of the new religion, but it remained strongly Indian at its heart and character. Arches and domes began to be used and the mosque or masjid too began to form part of the landscape, adding to a new experience in form and space. The sahn or the open courtyard for congregational worship with the enclosing cloisters or liwans and the sanctuary at the Western end offered a different architectural vocabulary. The fundamenta ...

See also:

Indian architecture, Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village, Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture, Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples, Indian architecture - The Rajput Architecture, Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture, Indian architecture - Secular architecture, Indian architecture - Architecture under the colonial rule, Indian architecture - Post-independence architecture of India, Indian architecture - Conclusion, Indian architecture - Monuments in India classified under World Heritage Sites, Indian architecture - See Also

Read more here: » Indian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture

The earliest production in the Indus Valley Civilization was characterised by well planned cities and houses where religion did not seem to play an active role. The presence of drainage systems and public baths showed advanced standards of hygiene and sanitation and ingenious planning. The Vedic village had certain distinct characteristics that influenced subsequent architectural production. The Vedic grama could have a pur, or ...

See also:

Indian architecture, Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village, Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture, Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples, Indian architecture - The Rajput Architecture, Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture, Indian architecture - Secular architecture, Indian architecture - Architecture under the colonial rule, Indian architecture - Post-independence architecture of India, Indian architecture - Conclusion, Indian architecture - Monuments in India classified under World Heritage Sites, Indian architecture - See Also

Read more here: » Indian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village

Buddhism gained prominence during the reign of the emperor Ashoka. It is primarily represented by three important building types- the Chaitya Hall (place of worship), the Vihara (monastery) and the Stupa (hemispherical mound for worship/ memory)- exemplified by the magnificent caves of Ajanta and Ellora and the monumental Sanchi Stupa. The Greek influence led the Indian architecture of the time, especially the rock-cut art, to fall under one of the two categries: the Mathura school of art which was strictly Indian in spirit and did not adopt ...

See also:

Indian architecture, Indian architecture - Indus-Sarasvati civilisation and the Vedic Village, Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture, Indian architecture - The Hindu Temples, Indian architecture - The Rajput Architecture, Indian architecture - Influence of Islam and the Mughal Architecture, Indian architecture - Secular architecture, Indian architecture - Architecture under the colonial rule, Indian architecture - Post-independence architecture of India, Indian architecture - Conclusion, Indian architecture - Monuments in India classified under World Heritage Sites, Indian architecture - See Also

Read more here: » Indian architecture: Encyclopedia II - Indian architecture - Buddhist and Jaina architecture