1380s - Events and Trends. The Western Schism continues with Pope Urban VI and Avignon Pope Clement VII each considered by some to be the Pope. Richard II reigns in England and Charles VI reigns in France. Geoffrey Chaucer begins work on The Canterbury Tales A civil war in the Scandinavian part of Sweden brought unrest to Finland, too. As part of the Hundred Years War, the island of Jersey was attacked many times and was even occupied for a couple of years. Many ...

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Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 – 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. Charles VI of France - Early Life. He was born in Paris, the son of King Charles V and Jeanne de Bourbon. At the age of eleven, he was crowned King of France in 1380 in the cathedral at Reims. Until he took complete charge as king in 1388, France was run by his uncle, ...

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Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the Queen consort of England from 1420 till 1422. Catherine (or Katherine) of Valois was the daughter of King Charles VI of France and Isabeau de Bavière. She was born on October 27, 1401, in Paris. On June 2, 1420, she was given in marriage to King Henry V of England, but only after Henry's demand for return of Normandy and Aquitaine as part of the marriage pact triggered the Battle of Agincourt and the subsequent Treaty of Troyes. (Henry's original choice of a brid ...

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1410 - Events. July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (a.k.a. Tannenberg or Zalgiris). Polish-Lithuanian forces under the cousins Władysław Jagiełło of Poland and Witowt of Lithuania decisively defeat the forces of the Teutonic Knights, whose power is broken Jan Hus is excommunicated by the Archbishop of Prague. 1410 - Births. William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness (died 1484) Johannes Ockeghem, Dutch composer (approximate date; died 1497) ...

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1387 - Events. June 2 - John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. August 23 - Olaf IV of Norway/ Olaf III of Denmark dies. The vacant thrones come under the Regency of his mother Margaret I of Denmark who would soon become Queen in her own right. December 19 - Battle of Radcot Bridge: forces loyal to Richard II defeated by Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby. Geoffrey Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales. Queen Marg ...

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As the title suggests, Richard II is the main character of the play. The first Act begins with King Richard sitting majestically on his throne in full state. We learn that Henry Bolingbroke, Richard's cousin, is having a dispute with Thomas Mowbray, and they both want the king to act as judge. The subject of the quarrel is Bolingbroke's accusation that Mowbray killed Richard's uncle the Duke of Gloucester. What is more, Mowbray is also accused of having stolen money which would have been used for military purposes. Richard cannot pass judgem ...

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In 1397 Richard decided to rid himself of the Lords Appellant who were confining his power, on the pretext of an aristocratic plot. Richard had the Earl of Arundel executed and Warwick exiled, while Gloucester died in captivity. Finally able to exert his autocratic authority over the kingdom, he purged all those he saw as not totally committed to him, fulfilling his own idea of becoming God’s chosen prince. Richard, however, was still childless. The heir to the throne was Roger Mortimer the Earl of March, grandson of Lionel of Antwe ...

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Richard II of England, Richard II of England - Richard's minority, Richard II of England - First crisis of 1387-88, Richard II of England - A fragile peace, Richard II of England - Second crisis of 1397-99 and Richard's deposition, Richard II of England - Association with Geoffrey Chaucer

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His older brother died heirless in Pathos, Cyprus during 1394. William was already a Knight and inherited the rank and privileges of his deceased brother. He was first summoned to the Parliament of England on November 20 of the same year. He would reguraly attend sessions till 1413. His first assignment from Richard II of England was to join Walter Skirlaw, Bishop of Durham, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and others in n ...

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William de Ros 7th Baron de Ros, William de Ros 7th Baron de Ros - Career, William de Ros 7th Baron de Ros - Marriage and children

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Isabel - Royalty. Isabelle of Hainaut (1170–1190), queen consort, daughter of Baldwin V, Count of Hainault, wife of Philip II of France. Isabella of Jerusalem (1170–1205). Isabella of Angouleme (c. 1187–1246), queen consort, second wife of John of England, mother of Henry III. Isabella II of Jerusalem (1212–1228), also known as "Yolande". Queen Isabella of Armenia (died c. 1252). Isabella of Aragon (1271–1336), better known as Queen Elizabeth of ...

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Isabel, Isabel - People, Isabel - Royalty, Isabel - Saints, Isabel - Geographical locales, Isabel - Fictional characters, Isabel - Miscellaneous

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1380 The city of Sofia (Bulgaria) is taken by the Ottoman Empire (Turks). Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitri Ivanovich of Moscow defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols (the Golden Horde), stopping their advance at Kulikovo. Charles V of France dies and is succeeded by his son Charles VI who reigned until 1422. Haakon VI of Norway dies and is succeeded by his son Olaf III of Denmark as Olaf IV of Norway. Iceland, as a part of Norway passes under the Danish crown. ...

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He was born in Paris, the son of King Charles V and Jeanne de Bourbon. At the age of eleven, he was crowned King of France in 1380 in the cathedral at Reims. Until he took complete charge as king in 1388, France was run by his uncle, Philip the Bold. Charles VI was known both as Charles the Well Beloved and later as Charles the Mad, since, beginning in his mid-twenties, he experienced bouts of psychosis. These fits of madness would recur for the rest of his life. Doctors today believe, based on his ups and downs, that he may in fact ha ...

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Charles VI of France, Charles VI of France - Early Life, Charles VI of France - The King goes mad, Charles VI of France - The Bal des Ardents, Charles VI of France - Treaty with England, Charles VI of France - Spouse and Children

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As Richard began to take over the business of government himself, he sidelined many of the established nobles, such as Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick , Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel and Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Instead he turned to his inner circle of favourites for his council, men such as his beloved Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford and Michael de la Pole whom Richard created Earl of Suffolk and made chancellor of England. The nobles he had snubbed formed the head of a group of the disaffected who ...

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Richard II of England, Richard II of England - Richard's minority, Richard II of England - First crisis of 1387-88, Richard II of England - A fragile peace, Richard II of England - Second crisis of 1397-99 and Richard's deposition, Richard II of England - Association with Geoffrey Chaucer

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His first known fit occurred in 1392 when his friend and advisor, Olivier de Clisson, was the victim of an attempted murder. Although Clisson survived, Charles was determined to punish the would-be assassin Pierre de Craon who had taken refuge in Brittany. Charles set off with an army. While travelling through a forest on a hot summer's day, a wild man rushed up to the King calling on him to turn ba ...

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Charles VI of France, Charles VI of France - Early Life, Charles VI of France - The King goes mad, Charles VI of France - The Bal des Ardents, Charles VI of France - Treaty with England, Charles VI of France - Spouse and Children

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John of Gaunt, his uncle, ruled on Richard's behalf for the first years of his reign and it was the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 that brought Richard into the limelight. It fell to him personally to negotiate with Wat Tyler and the other rebel leaders and their massed armed ranks of several thousand, which must undoubtedly have required some personal courage, aged only fourteen as he was. He offered pardon to the leaders of the rebellion, an offer that was rescinded as the ringleaders were eventually arrested and executed. It remains a matter of ...

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Richard II of England, Richard II of England - Richard's minority, Richard II of England - First crisis of 1387-88, Richard II of England - A fragile peace, Richard II of England - Second crisis of 1397-99 and Richard's deposition, Richard II of England - Association with Geoffrey Chaucer

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In the years which followed, Richard appeared to have heeded the lessons of 1387 and became more cautious in his dealings with the barons. In 1390, a tournament was held to celebrate Richard’s coming of age and the apparent new-found harmony since Richard's uncle John of Gaunt's return from Spain to lead the Lords Appellant. Richard’s team of knights all wore the identical symbol – a white hart – which Richard had chosen for himself. Richard himself favoured genteel interests like fine food, insisting spoons be used at his court and ...

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Richard II of England, Richard II of England - Richard's minority, Richard II of England - First crisis of 1387-88, Richard II of England - A fragile peace, Richard II of England - Second crisis of 1397-99 and Richard's deposition, Richard II of England - Association with Geoffrey Chaucer

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Shakespeare used a fall and rise structure in the plot. At the beginning, Richard is in power and therefore can banish Bolingbroke from England. As Richard II falls and dies, Bolingbroke rises to become king of England. Unusually for Shakespeare, Richard II is written entirely in verse. The play contains a number of memorable metaphors, including the extended comparison of England with a garden in ...

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Richard II play, Richard II play - Texts, Richard II play - Historical context, Richard II play - Synopsis, Richard II play - Structure and language, Richard II play - Characters, Richard II play - Famous Lines

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Charles VI's reign was marked by the continuing war with the English (the Hundred Years' War), culminating in 1415 when the French army was defeated at the Battle of Agincourt. In 1420, Charles signed the Treaty of Troyes which recognized Henry V of England as his successor and meant his own son could not succeed him (see English Kings of France). Many citizens, including Joan of Arc, believed that the king only agreed to such disastrous and unprecedented terms, under the mental stress of his illness and that, as a result, France could not be held to them. Charles VI died in 1422 at Paris and is interred ...

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Charles VI of France, Charles VI of France - Early Life, Charles VI of France - The King goes mad, Charles VI of France - The Bal des Ardents, Charles VI of France - Treaty with England, Charles VI of France - Spouse and Children

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1380 February 11 - Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (died 1459) September 8 - Saint Bernardino of Siena, Italian Franciscan missionary (died 1444) Ghiyath al-Kashi, Persian astronomer and mathematician (died 1429) Thomas à Kempis, German monk and writer (died 1471) 1381 May 9 - Johann Schiltberger, German traveller and writer (died 1440) October 13 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (died 1415) John I, Duke of Bourbon (died 1434) Saint R ...

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The play was published during the reign of the childless Elizabeth I of England, and the succession was an important political concern. The historical parallels in the succession of Richard II may have been intended as political comment on the contemporary situation, with the weak Richard II analogous to Queen Elizabeth and an implicit argument in favour of her replacement by a monarch capable of creating a stable dynasty. Although it cannot be certain that Shakespeare intended these revolutionary implications, the play was cer ...

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Richard II play, Richard II play - Texts, Richard II play - Historical context, Richard II play - Synopsis, Richard II play - Structure and language, Richard II play - Characters, Richard II play - Famous Lines

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In January 1393, Queen Isabeau de Bavière organised a party to celebrate the marriage of one of her ladies-in-waiting. The King and five other lords dressed up as wild men and danced about chained to one another. The King's brother, Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, approached with a lighted torch. One of the dancers caught fire and there was panic. Only the presence of mind of the Duchesse de Berri saved the King when she covered him with her robe. Four of the other men perished. This incident became k ...

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Charles VI of France, Charles VI of France - Early Life, Charles VI of France - The King goes mad, Charles VI of France - The Bal des Ardents, Charles VI of France - Treaty with England, Charles VI of France - Spouse and Children

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