1572 - Events. January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. April 1 - The Sea Beggars, Netherlandish Calvinist rebels, capture the port city of Brielle. This leads to a wave of uprisings in Holland and Zealand, leaving most of those provinces (with the exception of Amsterdam), under rebel control. June 25 - The Sea Beggars capture the city Gorkum. Several Roman Catholic priests are put into a prison ...

Including:

• 1572 - Events
• 1572 - Births
• 1572 - Deaths

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Samael is an important figure in Talmudic and post-Talmudic lore, a figure who is accuser, seducer, and destroyer. Legends mentioning Satan refer equally to him, such that Samael is often taken to be the true or angelic name of the Devil, as opposed to the epithet, Lucifer (light-bearer), which is based on a misapprehension of a verse against the King of Babylon, or his functional title, Satan (Adversary). However, Samael cannot always be simply identified with Satan, because some translations of the Book of Enoch ...

Including:

• Samael - Samael in other traditions
• Samael - Fictional Samaels

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1534 - Events. February 27 - Group of Anabaptists of Jan Matthys seize Münster and declare it "The New Little Jerusalem" - they begin to exile dissenters and forcible baptize all others May 10 - Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage. June 9 - Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the St. Lawrence River. July 7 - First known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick. Cambridge ...

Including:

• 1534 - Events
• 1534 - Births
• 1534 - Deaths

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Hasidic Judaism - Fundamental conceptions. The teachings of Hasidism are founded on two theoretical conceptions: (1) religious panentheism, or the omnipresence of God, and (2) the idea of Devekut, communion between God and man. "Man," says the Besht, "must always bear in mind that God is omnipresent and is always with him; that God is, so to speak, the most subtle matter everywhere diffused... Let man realize that when he is looking at material things he is in reality gazing at the image of the Deity which is present in all things. W ...

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Hasidic Judaism, Hasidic Judaism - History, Hasidic Judaism - Prelude, Hasidic Judaism - Israel ben Eliezer, Hasidic Judaism - The spread of Hasidism, Hasidic Judaism - Opposition, Hasidic Judaism - Since the Holocaust, Hasidic Judaism - Religious practice and culture, Hasidic Judaism - Fundamental conceptions, Hasidic Judaism - Liturgy and prayer, Hasidic Judaism - Dress, Hasidic Judaism - Ritual Bathing, Hasidic Judaism - Families, Hasidic Judaism - Languages, Hasidic Judaism - Footnotes

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The story is set in a cold, gloomy Victorian era town, a parody of aristocratic England. A young, nervous man by the name of Victor Van Dort, son of rich fishmongers Nell and William Van Dort, is due to be wed to beautiful young Victoria Everglot, daughter of bankrupt (as well as ugly and unpleasant) aristocrats Maudeline and Finis Everglot. Victor isn't too keen on the idea of an arranged marriage until he meets Victoria face-to-face. After messing up his wedding vows at the wedding rehearsal, Victor flees to the forest. There he practices ...

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Corpse Bride, Corpse Bride - Plot, Corpse Bride - Filming techniques, Corpse Bride - Voice cast, Corpse Bride - Origins, Corpse Bride - Trivia

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God - Abrahamic conceptions. Judaism, Christianity and Islam see God as a being who created the world and rules over the universe. God is usually held to have the properties of holiness (separate from sin and incorruptible), justness (fair, right, and true in all His judgments), sovereignty (unthwartable in His will), omnipotence (all-powerful), omniscience (all-knowing), omnibenevolence (all-loving), omnipresence (present everywhere at the same time), and immortality (eternal and everlasting). He is also believe ...

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God, God - Definition, God - Concept of God, God - Attributes of God, God - Etymology, God - Capitalization, God - Names of God, God - History of monotheism, God - Theology, God - Conceptions of God, God - Abrahamic conceptions, God - Conceptions of God in Hinduism, God - Christian Monism, God - The Ultimate, God - Aristotelian definition of God, God - Modern views, God - Notes and references, God - Popular Culture

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In classic Jewish thought, there are various definitions of a Tzadik. According to Maimonides (based on Tractate Yevamot of the Babylonian Talmud, 49b-50a): "One whose merit surpasses his iniquity is a tzadik." (Mishneh Torah, Sefer Madda, Laws of Repentance, 3:1) According to the Tanya (based on passages in Tanach and the Talmud), the true title of Tzadik can only be applied to someone who not only avoids sin but also has no inclination towards it. Tz ...

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Tzadik, Tzadik - Characteristics of a Tzadik, Tzadik - The hidden Tzadik or Lamedvavnik, Tzadik - Miracle workers, Tzadik - Becoming a Tzadik, Tzadik - The relationship between God and a Tzaddik

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Chabad-Lubavitch - History of controversy. Since its inception, Hasidism was the center of much controversy within the Jewish community. The founder of Hasidism, Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov was a populist preacher and Kabbalist virtually unknown to the accepted Rabbinate at the time. His quickly growing popularity and novel interpretations of the Torah and halakha (Jewish law) quickly caused a growing backlash by established Rabbis who called themselves mitnagdim (lit. opposers). Hasidim were accused ...

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Chabad-Lubavitch, Chabad-Lubavitch - Early origins, Chabad-Lubavitch - Origin of name, Chabad-Lubavitch - Chabad, Chabad-Lubavitch - Lubavitch, Chabad-Lubavitch - History of the movement, Chabad-Lubavitch - Chabad today, Chabad-Lubavitch - Emissaries, Chabad-Lubavitch - The Chabad House, Chabad-Lubavitch - Mitzvot campaigns, Chabad-Lubavitch - Outreach activities, Chabad-Lubavitch - Customs of Chabad, Chabad-Lubavitch - Influence on the Jewish world, Chabad-Lubavitch - Controversies, Chabad-Lubavitch - History of controversy, Chabad-Lubavitch - Controversy during the seventh Rebbe's life, Chabad-Lubavitch - Relationship between God the Rebbe and his followers, Chabad-Lubavitch - Various forms of messianism, Chabad-Lubavitch - References and further reading

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Below are listed many popular siddurim used by religious Jews. Siddur - Ashkenazi Orthodox. Siddur Ha-Shalem (a.k.a. the Birnbaum Siddur) Ed. Philip Birnbaum. The Hebrew Publishing Company. ISBN 0884820548 The Metsudah Siddur: A New Linear Prayer Book Ziontalis. The Authorised Daily Prayer Book of the British Commonwealth, translation by Rabbi Eli Cashdan (the new version of the "Singer's Prayer Book") The Artscroll Siddur Mesorah Publications. (In a number of versions a ...

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Siddur, Siddur - History of the siddur, Siddur - Creating the siddur, Siddur - Different Jewish rites, Siddur - Complete versus weekday siddurim, Siddur - Variations and additions on holidays, Siddur - Popular siddurim, Siddur - Ashkenazi Orthodox, Siddur - Sephardic, Siddur - Yemenite Jews - Teimanim, Siddur - Chabad, Siddur - Conservative, Siddur - Reform, Siddur - Reconstructionist, Siddur - External link

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The foundation-stone of Hasidism as laid by Besht is a strongly marked panentheistic conception of God. He declared the whole universe, mind and matter, to be a manifestation of the Divine Being; that this manifestation is not an emanation from God, as is the conception of the Kabbalah, for nothing can be separated from God: all things are rather forms in which God reveals Himself. When man speaks, said Besht, he should remember that his speech is an element of life, and that life itself is a manifestation of God. Even evil exists in God. Th ...

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Israel ben Eliezer, Israel ben Eliezer - Early life and marriage, Israel ben Eliezer - Development as leader and challenges, Israel ben Eliezer - Disputes with the Frankists, Israel ben Eliezer - His legacy, Israel ben Eliezer - Elements of Besht's doctrines, Israel ben Eliezer - Opposition to Luria's Kabbalah, Israel ben Eliezer - Influence on Hasidism, Israel ben Eliezer - Characteristics, Israel ben Eliezer - In legend, Israel ben Eliezer - His miracles, Israel ben Eliezer - Bibliography

Read more here: » Israel ben Eliezer: Encyclopedia II - Israel ben Eliezer - Elements of Besht's doctrines

Jewish services - Friday night services. Shabbat services begin on Friday evening with the weekday Mincha (see above), followed in some communities by the Song of Songs, and then in most communities by the Kabbalat Shabbat, the mystical prelude to Shabbat services composed by 17th century Kabbalists. This Hebrew term literally means "Receiving the Sabbath". It is, except for amongst many Italkim and Western Sephardim, composed of six psalms, 95 to 99, and 29, representing the six week-days. Next com ...

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Jewish services, Jewish services - The prayers and their origins, Jewish services - Backgrounds, Jewish services - Text and language, Jewish services - Quorum, Jewish services - Concentration, Jewish services - Weekday prayer services, Jewish services - Shacharit: morning prayers, Jewish services - Mincha: afternoon prayers, Jewish services - Ma'ariv or Arvit: evening prayers, Jewish services - Shabbat services, Jewish services - Friday night services, Jewish services - Saturday morning: Shacharit, Jewish services - Saturday morning additional service: Musaf, Jewish services - Saturday afternoon: Mincha, Jewish services - Saturday evening: Maariv, Jewish services - Services on Passover Shavuot and Sukkot, Jewish services - Related customs, Jewish services - Guide on etiquette for visitors

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List of rabbis - Rabbis: 18th Century. Haim Isaac Carigal, rabbi in Newport, Rhode Island in 1773 who became great influence on Reverend Ezra Stiles, and therefore on Yale University Dovber of Mezeritch, (Maggid), 18th century Eastern European mystic, primary disciple of the Baal Shem Tov Elijah ben Solomon, (Gra), 18th century Talmudist and mystic, Lithuanian leader of the Mitnagdim, opponent of Hasidim Jacob Emden, 18th century German Talmu ...

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List of rabbis, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Pre-Mishnaic, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Mishnaic Tannaim, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Talmudic Amoraim, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Middle Ages, List of rabbis - Rabbis: Later Middle Ages, List of rabbis - Rabbis: 18th Century, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: 19th Century, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Orthodox rabbis: Contemporary, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: 19th Century, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Conservative rabbis: Contemporary, List of rabbis - Union for Traditional Judaism, List of rabbis - Reform rabbis, List of rabbis - Reform rabbis: 19th Century, List of rabbis - Reform rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis, List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis: 20th Century, List of rabbis - Reconstructionist rabbis: Contemporary, List of rabbis - Other rabbis

Read more here: » List of rabbis: Encyclopedia II - List of rabbis - Rabbis: Later Middle Ages

Examples of major traditions and philosophies with strong elements of mysticism are: Christian Gnosticism Christian mysticism Eastern Orthodox Hesychasm Javanese mystical movements Judaic Kabbalah Mormonism, being founded on visions, revelations, and angelic ordination Mystery religions and cults Native American Ghost Dances of the late Nineteenth Century were mystical in origin The New Age movement Near Death Experiences Quaker ...

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Mysticism, Mysticism - Types of mystical experience, Mysticism - Mysticism and epistemology, Mysticism - Subjectivity and mysticism, Mysticism - Self-transcending self-discovery, Mysticism - Mysticism and syncretism, Mysticism - On the difficulty of defining mysticism, Mysticism - Theosophy and Occultism, Mysticism - Examples in major traditions, Mysticism - Hindu mystics, Mysticism - Chinese mystics, Mysticism - Christian mystics, Mysticism - Islamic mystics, Mysticism - Jewish mystics, Mysticism - Other mystics

Read more here: » Mysticism: Encyclopedia II - Mysticism - Examples in major traditions

Lag Ba’omer is special in the fact that none of the prohibitions of the Omer period are forbidden. It is a time of dancing and singing. Families go on picnics and outings. Children go out to the fields with their teachers with bows and (rubber-tipped) arrows, and bats and balls. Tachanun, the prayer for special Divine Mercy on one's behalf is not said, because when God is showing one a "smiling face," so to speak, as He does especially on the Holidays, there is no need to ask for special mercy. In Israel, at Meron, the burial place of Rabb ...

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Lag Ba'omer, Lag Ba'omer - Origins, Lag Ba'omer - Name, Lag Ba'omer - Customs and Practices, Lag Ba'omer - Lag Ba'omer in the Western Calendar

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Sofer was born in in Baghdad. He studied there under great Sephardi sages such as Yosef Chaim (the Ben Ish Chai) and Abdalah Somech. In 1904, he journeyed to the land of Israel, in order to pray at the graves of tzaddikim ("the righteous"). After visiting Jerusalem, he decided to settle there permanently. He studied in the Bet El yeshiva in the old city of Jerusalem, well known for the study of kabbalah; and in 1909, he moved the newly founded Shoshanim leDavid ...

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Yaakov Chaim Sofer, Yaakov Chaim Sofer - Biography, Yaakov Chaim Sofer - Works

Read more here: » Yaakov Chaim Sofer: Encyclopedia II - Yaakov Chaim Sofer - Biography

Jewish leadership - Biblical leadership Before 70 CE. See related List of Jewish Biblical figures. During the era of the Tanakh, leadership of the Jewish people was governed by Torah principles. There were the heads of the original Hebrew tribes, and then also prophets such as Moses, Jeremiah and Samuel and whose words still as reference points for the believers, judges such as Samson, kings such as David and Solomon, priests of the Temple ...

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Jewish leadership, Jewish leadership - Historic leadership, Jewish leadership - Biblical leadership Before 70 CE, Jewish leadership - Mishnaic Talmudic Middle Ages leadership 70 - 1600s, Jewish leadership - Early modern leadership 1700s-1800s, Jewish leadership - Modern religious leadership after 1800s, Jewish leadership - Decline of rabbinical influence, Jewish leadership - Modern Synagogue leadership, Jewish leadership - Orthodox and Haredi rabbinic leadership, Jewish leadership - Reform Conservative and Reconstructionist leadership, Jewish leadership - Secular leadership, Jewish leadership - Karaite leadership

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One of the major trends in modern Jewish philosophy was the attempt to develop a theory of Judaism through existentialism. One of the primary players in this field was Franz Rosenzweig. While researching his doctoral dissertation on the 19th-century German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Rosenzweig reacted against Hegel's idealism and favored an existential approach. Rosenzweig, for a time, considered conversion to Christianity, but in 1913, he turned to Jewish philosophy. He became a philosopher and student of Hermann Cohen. Roze ...

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Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Approaches, Jewish philosophy - Early Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Philo of Alexandria, Jewish philosophy - Avicebron Solomon ibn Gabirol, Jewish philosophy - Jewish Mysticism Kabbalah, Jewish philosophy - Saadia Gaon, Jewish philosophy - Karaite philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart, Jewish philosophy - Yehuda Halevi and the Kuzari, Jewish philosophy - The rise of Aristotelian thought, Jewish philosophy - Maimonides, Jewish philosophy - Position in the history of thought, Jewish philosophy - Renaissance philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Post-Enlightenment Jewish philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophy, Jewish philosophy - Holocaust theology, Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Orthodox Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Conservative Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Reform Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Reconstructionist Judaism philosophers, Jewish philosophy - Others, Jewish philosophy - Philosophers informed by their Jewish background

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List of holy cities - Tibetan Buddhism. More important then anything inherent to the places is the presence of the holiest leaders, the highest lamas, who are considered reincarnations of their predecessors. Lhasa, seat of the Dalai Lama (now in exile in Dharmsala, India) in the Potala palace, also national (and under Chinese rule regional) capital of Tibet Shigatse, seat of the Panchen Lama, also the country's second city Tsurphu, (later in exile Rumtek in Sikkim, India), seat of t ...

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List of holy cities, List of holy cities - Assyrio-Babylonian, List of holy cities - Ayyavazhi, List of holy cities - Bahá'í, List of holy cities - Buddhism, List of holy cities - Tibetan Buddhism, List of holy cities - Christianity, List of holy cities - Armenian Apostolic, List of holy cities - Roman Catholicism, List of holy cities - Eastern Orthodox, List of holy cities - Anglicanism, List of holy cities - Protestantism, List of holy cities - Latter-Day Saint Mormonism, List of holy cities - Confucianism, List of holy cities - Ancient Egypt, List of holy cities - Ancient Greece, List of holy cities - Hinduism, List of holy cities - Jyothirlingams Shaivism, List of holy cities - Kumbh Mela sites, List of holy cities - The Shankara Mathams, List of holy cities - Subrahmanya Kshetram's, List of holy cities - Ranganatha Kshetram's, List of holy cities - Islam, List of holy cities - Shia, List of holy cities - Sufism, List of holy cities - Jainism, List of holy cities - Judaism, List of holy cities - Shintoism, List of holy cities - Sikhism, List of holy cities - Taoism

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In the Apocryphon of John, found in the Nag Hammadi library, Samael is the third name of the evil demiurge, whose other names are Yaltabaoth and Saklas. In this context, Samael means "the blind god", the theme of blindness running throughout gnostics. He is born out of the error of Sophia, who desires to create offspring of her own without the Spirit. His appearance is that of a lion-faced serpent. In On the Origin of the World in the Nag Ha ...

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Samael, Samael - Samael in other traditions, Samael - Fictional Samaels

Read more here: » Samael: Encyclopedia II - Samael - Samael in other traditions

According to adherents of Kabbalah, the origin of Kabbalah begins with the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible). When read by a Kabbalist, the Torah's description of the creation in the Book of Genesis reveals mysteries about God's creation of the universe, Adam and Eve, the Garden of Eden, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and a Tree of Life, the interaction of these creations with the Serpent which leads to disaster when they ...

See also:

Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes

Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism

The services for the three festivals of Pesach ("Passover"), Shavuot ("Feast of Weeks" or "Pentecost"), and Sukkot ("Feast of Tabenacles") are alike, except for interpolated references and readings for each individual festival. The preliminaries and conclusions of the prayers are the same as on Sabbath. The Amidah on these festivals only contains seven benedictions, with Attah Bechartanu as the main one. Hallel (communal recitation of Psalms 113-118) follows. The Musaf service includes Mi-Pene Hata'enu, with reference to the sp ...

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Jewish services, Jewish services - The prayers and their origins, Jewish services - Backgrounds, Jewish services - Text and language, Jewish services - Quorum, Jewish services - Concentration, Jewish services - Weekday prayer services, Jewish services - Shacharit: morning prayers, Jewish services - Mincha: afternoon prayers, Jewish services - Ma'ariv or Arvit: evening prayers, Jewish services - Shabbat services, Jewish services - Friday night services, Jewish services - Saturday morning: Shacharit, Jewish services - Saturday morning additional service: Musaf, Jewish services - Saturday afternoon: Mincha, Jewish services - Saturday evening: Maariv, Jewish services - Services on Passover, Shavuot and Sukkot, Jewish services - Related customs, Jewish services - Guide on etiquette for visitors

Read more here: » Jewish services: Encyclopedia II - Jewish services - Services on Passover, Shavuot and Sukkot